Hyperglycaemia but not hyperlipidaemia decreases serum amylase and increases neutrophils in the exocrine pancreas of cats     

Eric Zini  Melania Osto  Marco Franchini  Hans Lutz  Aurel Perren  Mathias Ackermann  Claudia E. Reusch 《Research in veterinary science》2010,89(1):20-26

The goal of the study was to determine whether hyperglycaemia or hyperlipidaemia causes pancreatitis in cats and to assess the effect of excess serum glucose and lipids on amylase and lipase activity. Ten-day hyperglycaemic and hyperlipidaemic clamps were carried out in five and six healthy cats, respectively. Ten healthy cats received saline and served as controls. The activity of amylase was below the normal range in 4 of 5 hyperglycaemic cats by day 10. The activity of lipase did not vary in any of the cats. Samples of exocrine pancreas were normal on histological examination, but the number of tissue neutrophils was increased in hyperglycaemic cats (P < 0.05). In a retrospective study 14 of 40 (35%) cats with naturally occurring diabetes mellitus had amylase activities below the reference range at the time of admission. Amylase activities normalised within 1 week of insulin therapy and subsequent glycaemic control. Lipase activity was increased in 26 of 40 (65%) diabetic cats and remained elevated despite glycaemic control. In conclusion, hyperglycaemia, but not hyperlipidaemia, increases pancreatic neutrophils in cats. However, because the histological morphology of the exocrine pancreas was normal, hyperglycaemia may play only a minor role in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis. Low amylase activities in diabetic cats may reflect an imbalance in glucose metabolism rather than pancreatitis.  相似文献   

Experimental infection of lambs with Border disease virus isolated from a Pyrenean chamois     

Cabezón O  Velarde R  Rosell R  Lavín S  Segalés J  Marco I 《The Veterinary record》2010,167(16):619-621

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Use of haloperidol and azaperone for stress control in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) captured by means of drive-nets     

Gregorio Mentaberre  Jorge R. López-Olvera  Encarnación Casas-Díaz  Ester Bach-Raich  Ignasi Marco  Santiago Lavín 《Research in veterinary science》2010,88(3):531-535

The physical capture of wild ungulates is performed for different purposes when anaesthesia in field conditions is not possible or advisable. The use of tranquilizers may contribute to improved welfare of captured animals. We studied the effect of haloperidol and azaperone on the stress response of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) through the study of physiological, haematological and serum biochemical parameters. Thirty one roe deer were drive-net captured and randomly injected with haloperidol (0.30 ± 0.04 mg/kg IM; n = 13), azaperone (0.43 ± 0.07 mg/kg IM; n = 11) or saline (0.5 mL IM; n = 7), and restrained for 3 h. The interindividual variability of heart rate was lower in the treated deer, suggesting a calming effect, and erythrocyte and biochemical parameters indicated vasodilation, splenic sequestration, hemodilution, improvement of renal perfusion and a protective effect on muscle. These results support the suitability of using either azaperone or haloperidol in capture operations of roe deer, in order to reduce stress and prevent its adverse effects.  相似文献   

Genome evolution following host jumps in the Irish potato famine pathogen lineage     

Raffaele S  Farrer RA  Cano LM  Studholme DJ  MacLean D  Thines M  Jiang RH  Zody MC  Kunjeti SG  Donofrio NM  Meyers BC  Nusbaum C  Kamoun S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,330(6010):1540-1543

Many plant pathogens, including those in the lineage of the Irish potato famine organism Phytophthora infestans, evolve by host jumps followed by specialization. However, how host jumps affect genome evolution remains largely unknown. To determine the patterns of sequence variation in the P. infestans lineage, we resequenced six genomes of four sister species. This revealed uneven evolutionary rates across genomes with genes in repeat-rich regions showing higher rates of structural polymorphisms and positive selection. These loci are enriched in genes induced in planta, implicating host adaptation in genome evolution. Unexpectedly, genes involved in epigenetic processes formed another class of rapidly evolving residents of the gene-sparse regions. These results demonstrate that dynamic repeat-rich genome compartments underpin accelerated gene evolution following host jumps in this pathogen lineage.  相似文献   

Signatures of adaptation to obligate biotrophy in the Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis genome   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Baxter L  Tripathy S  Ishaque N  Boot N  Cabral A  Kemen E  Thines M  Ah-Fong A  Anderson R  Badejoko W  Bittner-Eddy P  Boore JL  Chibucos MC  Coates M  Dehal P  Delehaunty K  Dong S  Downton P  Dumas B  Fabro G  Fronick C  Fuerstenberg SI  Fulton L  Gaulin E  Govers F  Hughes L  Humphray S  Jiang RH  Judelson H  Kamoun S  Kyung K  Meijer H  Minx P  Morris P  Nelson J  Phuntumart V  Qutob D  Rehmany A  Rougon-Cardoso A  Ryden P  Torto-Alalibo T  Studholme D  Wang Y  Win J  Wood J  Clifton SW  Rogers J  Van den Ackerveken G  Jones JD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,330(6010):1549-1551

Many oomycete and fungal plant pathogens are obligate biotrophs, which extract nutrients only from living plant tissue and cannot grow apart from their hosts. Although these pathogens cause substantial crop losses, little is known about the molecular basis or evolution of obligate biotrophy. Here, we report the genome sequence of the oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa), an obligate biotroph and natural pathogen of Arabidopsis thaliana. In comparison with genomes of related, hemibiotrophic Phytophthora species, the Hpa genome exhibits dramatic reductions in genes encoding (i) RXLR effectors and other secreted pathogenicity proteins, (ii) enzymes for assimilation of inorganic nitrogen and sulfur, and (iii) proteins associated with zoospore formation and motility. These attributes comprise a genomic signature of evolution toward obligate biotrophy.  相似文献   

Microarray Analysis of Gene Expression in Laminar Tissue From Horses After Carbohydrate Overload     

So Young Kwon  Michel L. Vandenplas  David J. Hurley  E. Noschka  Marco A. Lopes  Thomas P. Robertson  James N. Moore 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2010

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Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and endothelial nitric oxide synthase is increased in the placenta of sheep at high altitude in the Andes     

Parraguez VH  Atlagich MA  Urquieta B  Galleguillos M  De Los Reyes M  Kooyman DL  Araneda S  Raggi LA 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2010,74(3):193-199

Fetal weight and the placenta of sheep at high altitude (HA) are affected by hypoxia. Placental changes (an increase in placental size and vascularization) are greater in ewes from populations that have lived for several generations at HA than in those exposed during just 1 gestation. This study investigated placental expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), 2 molecules involved in placental angiogenesis that could be upregulated by hypoxia. Two groups of ewes were maintained at HA (3589 m) during pregnancy: HA-native ewes (group HH) and ewes native to lowlands but moved to HA immediately after the diagnosis of pregnancy (group LH). A control group (LL) was kept at sea level. Near term, placentomes were removed, weighed, and processed for immunohistochemical detection of VEGF and eNOS, as well as for vascular area measurement. Placental weight was significantly higher in the HH group than in the LH and LL groups; between the latter 2 groups there was no significant difference. The placental area occupied by vasculature was significantly greater in both the HA groups than in the LH group; the number of placentomes was greatest in the LL group. The density of VEGF and eNOS in the placentome tissue was significantly greater in both HA groups than in the LL group. Although the density of VEGF was significantly lower in the HH group than in the LH group, no differences were observed in eNOS density between the HH and LH animals. These results demonstrate that chronic hypoxia upregulates the expression of placental VEGF and eNOS, suggesting an important role of these molecules in the placental response to HA hypoxia. In addition, an attenuated response to hypoxia in VEGF synthesis may be part of the long-term process of adaptation to HA.  相似文献   

Structural change in the international horticultural industry: Some implications for plant health     

Katharina Dehnen-Schmutz  Ottmar Holdenrieder  Mike J. Jeger  Marco Pautasso 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010,125(1):1-15

The horticultural sector has seen much structural change both nationally and internationally over the last decades, but the implications for plant health have been neglected. We review in the context of the risk of emerging plant diseases recent developments including the movement towards a global horticultural market, the rise of the horticultural industry of many developing countries, and the economic integration of the European Union. North America is typically well ahead of other regions in economic developments, and in horticulture this is shown for example by the growing importance of Mexican growers. Asia is rapidly catching up also in horticulture, with China and India becoming key producers. Australia and New Zealand show the impact of change in horticulture extension services. The Eastern enlargement of the EU is having profound influences on fruit and vegetable growers both in the new and in the old member countries. Similar developments are taking place in South America and Africa. In all continents, there is a general trend towards fewer and larger horticultural growers, an increasing role of supermarkets and a concentration of the retail pathways. These developments have consequences for the control of plant pathogens and invasive species. Technical issues seem to be of lesser consequence in terms of structural change compared with labour and trade aspects. However, examples can be found where technical innovations have opened up new opportunities or provided solutions to pressing problems, as can be seen in the hardy nursery stock and ornamental industry in the UK. Future technical, economic and social impacts on the sector are likely to play a key role for securing a diverse and reliable food supply for the still expanding world's population. Recent advances in modelling disease spread in complex networks representing trade pathways should be used to target control of introductions of new plant pathogens. There is a need for more long-term research on how structural change in the horticultural sector will affect and be affected by climate change.  相似文献   

Yield modelling in a Mediterranean species utilizing cause–effect relationships between temperature forcing and biological processes     

Orlandi Fabio  Sgromo CarloBonofiglio Tommaso  Ruga LuigiaRomano Bruno  Fornaciari Marco 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010

Crop yield forecasting has progressed clearly in the past years, mainly due to the growing demand for modelling. In the present research, considering the Mediterranean vocation for the olive cultivation, olive yield forecasting modelling was analysed, to understand the principal relationships between olive tree production and climate features in a large southern Italy area. The simulation of olive yield has practical application in different price formation activities: in management of cropping systems, formation of stocks, commercialization, making of agricultural policies and zoning. Both meteorological and biological variables were considered, pollen indexes were constructed from daily pollen concentrations evaluated by use of aerobiological methodology. The monitored pollen quantities should be considered as a Proxy variable of the olive orchards located around the volumetric pollen traps, even if the final harvest could be highly dependent on local summer meteorological conditions. The model carried out by use of Panel data analysis has demonstrated a great interpretative capacity, considering contemporary meteorological and biological variables (pollen monitored with volumetric traps). The aggregation of historical data (1999–2008) with cross-section data (10 different pollen monitoring stations) permitted to investigate the variability information related to temporal and geographical dimensions. The entire volume of pollen grains emitted during flowering was redundant to investigate the future fruit formation while the specific and concentrated mass of pollen grains during the days before full flowering was related positively with the final production. The statistical technique utilized permitted to obtain interpretative results common to different geographical areas and not limited by local meteorological conditions.  相似文献   

Composition and evaluation of a novel web-based decision support system for grape black rot control     

Daniel Molitor  Barbara Augenstein  Laura Mugnai  Pietro Antonello Rinaldi  Jorge Sofia  Bryan Hed  Pierre-Henri Dubuis  Mauro Jermini  Erhard Kührer  Gottfried Bleyer  Lucien Hoffmann  Marco Beyer 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2016,144(4):785-798

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