Unraveling avian and reptilian hematology: An optical and electron microscopic study of the buffy coat          下载免费PDF全文

Filipe Fontes Pinto  Célia Lopes  Fernanda Malhão  Ricardo Marcos 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2018,47(3):407-414

Background

Blood centrifugation and buffy coats are at the cornerstone of hematology. In mammals, the buffy coat has a layered disposition (from bottom to top) with neutrophils on top of erythrocytes, followed by monocytes/lymphocytes, and platelets. In nonmammals, this distribution is unknown. Recently, the cell tube block (CTB) technique was developed to study the buffy coat, but it was never applied to nonmammal buffy coats.

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate using the CTB technique to study reptilian and avian buffy coats and to propose its use for clinical applications.

Methods

Blood from five birds and eight reptiles of different species was obtained to make CTBs that were processed for optical/electron microscopy. H&E, Sirius red, and immunohistochemistry staining against CD3 (to label T lymphocytes) were applied to the CTBs.

Results

In birds, the buffy coat had a layered appearance with the granulocyte layer containing granulocytes (heterophils and eosinophils) and nucleated erythrocytes followed by a mononuclear cell layer containing lymphocytes, monocytes, and thrombocytes. In some animals, a nucleated erythrocyte layer was observed admixed with the granulocyte/mononuclear cell layer. A small clot within the buffy coat was seen in seven reptiles, and less definition of layers occurred in reptiles, with only one or two layers. Lymphocytes appeared toward the top of the buffy coat.

Conclusions

From a comparative hematology perspective, the buffy coat of mammals differs from that of birds and more from that of reptiles. The CTB technique can be used to study these differences in avian and reptilian hematology, especially to study atypical circulating cells, hemoparasites, or blood cell proportions in health and disease.  相似文献   

Radiographic findings and clinical factors in dogs with surgically confirmed or presumed colonic torsion          下载免费PDF全文

Christine L. Gremillion  Mason Savage  Eli B. Cohen 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2018,59(3):272-278

Colonic torsion is a life‐threatening condition in dogs and radiographic findings for this condition have not been well described. The purpose of this retrospective case series was to describe radiographic findings and clinical signs in a group of dogs with colonic torsion. Inclusion criteria were dogs presenting during the period of 2006 and 2016, and that had abdominal radiography and a surgically confirmed or presumed diagnosis of colonic torsion. For each dog, clinical data were recorded from medical records and imaging findings were recorded from retrieved plain radiographs and positive contrast radiographs in which barium enema was performed. Fourteen dogs met inclusion criteria. Of these, nine dogs had colonic torsion confirmed at surgery, with five dogs having surgical confirmation of colonic congestion or mesenteric torsion. Radiographic findings included segmental distention of the colon (14/14), focal narrowing of the colon (11/14), displacement of cecum (11/14), displacement of descending colon (14/14), and mild to no small intestinal distention (14/14). In cases where barium enema was performed, focal narrowing of the colon and longitudinal striations that course in a helical pattern were identified, termed the “torsion sign.” Vomiting was the most common clinical sign observed (12/14), followed by abdominal pain in a small majority of cases (8/14). Severe abdominal pain and hypovolemic shock were uncommon in the patients reported (3/14). Colonic torsion should be considered as a differential diagnosis for dogs with radiographic segmental colonic distention with displacement of the descending colon and cecum. Barium enema is recommended for more definitive diagnosis.  相似文献   

Sperm motility of Rhamdia quelen studied using computer-assisted analysis by open-source software     

Eduardo Antônio Sanches  Robie Allan Bombardelli  Ronan Maciel Marcos  Giovano Neumann  César Pereira Rebechi De Toledo  Elizabeth Romagosa 《Aquaculture Research》2010,42(1):153-156

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随机向量内在相关性的度量及指标聚类方法的改进     

努尔古丽·艾力  陈敬锋 《新疆农业大学学报》2008,31(2):88-90

用两类所含指标全体所构成的向量的内在相关性度量来刻画两类间的距离,改进了一种指标聚类的方法.为此讨论随机向量的内在相关性度量、改进了的方法及该方法的并类距离单调性等问题.  相似文献   

Microclimate in agroforestry systems in central Amazonia: does canopy closure matter to soil organisms?   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

Christopher Martius  Hubert Höfer  Marcos V.B. Garcia  Jörg Römbke  Bernhard Förster  Werner Hanagarth 《Agroforestry Systems》2004,60(3):291-304

Microclimate was recorded and soil organisms were collected 1997-1999 in ecosystem stands of contrasting structure in central Amazonia (a primary forest, a 12-year secondary forest, two different agroforestry systems, a rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) plantation, and a peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) monoculture with a densely closed canopy). The aim was to look at the effects of canopy closure on microclimate and soil organisms. Monthly maxima temperature, average air and soil temperatures, and saturation deficit were highest in September 1997, and total annual rainfall in 1997 was 12-28% lower than in the other study years. The monthly average litter temperatures were consistently 2-4 °C higher in the plantation sites than in the rainforest and the secondary forest, and temperatures on single days (not the monthly averages) in the plantations were up to 10 °C higher than in the primary forest. The highest average litter and soil temperatures and the highest temperature maxima were recorded in the agroforestry plantations. Canopy closure strongly determined the litter temperatures in the sites. Soil macrofauna biomass was also strongly correlated to canopy closure (linear regression, P = 0.05). We conclude that a well developed canopy effectively protects the soil macrofauna from high temperature variation and drought stress. Therefore, optimizing these agroforestry systems for canopy closure may contribute to a better management of the beneficial soil decomposer community. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Driving competitive and facilitative interactions in oak dehesas through management practices     

G. Moreno Marcos  J. J. Obrador  E. García  E. Cubera  M. J. Montero  F. Pulido  C. Dupraz 《Agroforestry Systems》2007,70(1):25-40

Dehesas are extant multi-purpose agroforestry systems that consist of a mosaic of widely-spaced scattered oaks (Quercus ilex L.) combined with crops, pasture or shrubs. We aimed to clarify the role of trees in dehesas of CW Spain focussed on the analysis of tree-understorey interactions. Spatial variability of resources (light, soil moisture and fertility), microclimate, fine roots of both herbaceous plants and trees and forage yield was measured. Additionally, we compared the nutritional and physiological status, growth and acorn production of oaks in cropped (fodder crop), grazed (native grasses) and encroached (woody understorey) dehesa plots. Significant light interception by trees was limited to the close vicinity of the trees, with very low reduction away from them. Both microclimate and soil fertility improved significantly in the trees vicinity, irrespective of soil management. Soil moisture varied very few with distance from the trees, as a result of the extended root system of oaks. Root systems of trees and herbs did not overlap to a great extent. Crop production was higher beneath trees than beyond the trees in unfertilised plots and foliar nutrient content of oaks did not increase significantly with crop fertilisation, indicating that trees and crops hardly compete for nutrients. Moreover, trees benefited from the crop or pasture management: trees featured a significantly improved nutritional and physiological status, a faster growth and a higher fruit productivity than trees growing in encroached or forest plots.  相似文献   

Nursery fertilisation affects the frost-tolerance and plant quality of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. cuttings     

Manuel Fernández  Celia Marcos  Raúl Tapias  Federico Ruiz  Gustavo López 《Annals of Forest Science》2007,64(8):865-873

Eucalyptus globulus is widely used in productive exotic plantations but the expansion of these plantations is limited by low temperatures, as its cold hardening capacity is limited (0.5 to 3.0 °C). It is not well understood how nursery fertilisation affects the field performance of plants. This led us to study the effect of three mineral nutrients (N, P and K) on both plant quality and frost tolerance. The experiment comprised eight growth treatments in which a high dose (H-) or a low dose (L-) of each nutrient was applied. Nitrogen was the nutrient that determined shoot growth, new root growth after transplanting (root egress), frost tolerance and field performance. Performance was better with treatment H-N than with treatment L-N, leaf nitrogen contents being 1.53 and 0.89% respectively. The effects of phosphorus and potassium were not significant between treatments for any parameter. The exception was P which, when interacting with N, favoured root egress for the H-N treatment. It was concluded that nursery fertilisation offers a management tool for eucalyptus growers concerned with plant stock quality.  相似文献   

Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry fingerprinting of Brazilian artisan cachaça aged in different wood casks     

de Souza PP  Siebald HG  Augusti DV  Neto WB  Amorim VM  Catharino RR  Eberlin MN  Augusti R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(6):2094-2102

We have investigated the capability of direct infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in the negative ion mode, ESI(-)-MS, to differentiate representative samples of artisan cacha?a, a Brazilian sugar cane distillate of large production, aged in four different types of wood casks: amburana (Amburana cearensis), jequitibA (Cariniana estrellensis), balm (Myroxylon peruiferum), and oak (Quercus rubra). The ESI(-)-MS were found to be very characteristic, showing sets of diagnostic ions for each of the four types of samples: amburana (m/z 271, 313, 377), jequitibA (m/z 143, 171, 255), balm (m/z 137, 269, 283, 297), and oak (m/z 197, 301, 307). Furthermore, principal component (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), applied to the ESI(-)-MS data, divided these samples into four definite categories. The influence of the aging time on the ESI(-)-MS fingerprints of the cacha?a samples stored in oak casks was also established. An inversion in the relative intensity of the diagnostic ions of m/z 307 and 301 is detected in the ESI(-)-MS as the aging time increased from 1 to 2 years. The chemical structures of the major cacha?a components were proposed on the basis of the following: (a) the comparison of the ESI(-)-MS/MS of the diagnostic anions with those of the authentic anions or (b) the interpretation of the fragmentation patterns of the previously unknown diagnostic anions. Hence, direct infusion ESI(-)-MS allows not only a rapid, simple, and accurate way to distinguish among cacha?a samples stored in different wood casks but also monitoring changes in their chemical composition according to the aging time.  相似文献   

Polyarthritis associated with visceral leishmaniasis in a juvenile dog     

Santos M  Marcos R  Assunção M  Matos AJ 《Veterinary parasitology》2006,141(3-4):340-344

Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CL) is a zoonosis and a chronic systemic disease characterized by a wide spectrum of clinical signs, including, in rare occasions, polyarthritis. This report describes a case of CL in an 8-month old male boxer dog with a history of lameness, fever and lymphadenopathy. A definitive diagnosis of CL was based on the observation of the Leishmania amastigotes seen concomitantly, and for the first time, in the lymph nodes aspiration smears (in macrophages), synovial fluid (in macrophages and neutrophils) and blood (in neutrophils). Despite this extensive dissemination of the parasite, the animal was successfully treated with a multi-step combination of meglumine antimoniate, aminosidine and allopurinol.  相似文献   

Controlling the electronic structure of bilayer graphene     

Ohta T  Bostwick A  Seyller T  Horn K  Rotenberg E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,313(5789):951-954

We describe the synthesis of bilayer graphene thin films deposited on insulating silicon carbide and report the characterization of their electronic band structure using angle-resolved photoemission. By selectively adjusting the carrier concentration in each layer, changes in the Coulomb potential led to control of the gap between valence and conduction bands. This control over the band structure suggests the potential application of bilayer graphene to switching functions in atomic-scale electronic devices.  相似文献