Meteorology. A hurricane's punch still knocks out forecasters     

Kintisch E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,313(5791):1221

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Nuclear reprocessing. DOE outlines two roads to recycling spent fuel     

Kintisch E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,313(5788):746

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Sensitivity of Lasiodiplodia theobromae from Brazilian papaya orchards to MBC and DMI fungicides     

Alba Valéria da Silva Pereira  Ricardo Brainer Martins  Sami Jorge Michereff  Marcelo Bezerra da Silva  Marcos Paz Saraiva Camara 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2012,132(4):489-498

Stem rot caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae is an important postharvest disease of papaya in Brazil, responsible for reducing the quality and quantity of fruits. Fungicide use is one of the main disease management measures. However, there are no estimates available of pathogen sensitivity to commonly employed fungicides. Therefore, the EC₅₀ from 120 isolates of L. theobromae from northeastern Brazil, representative of six populations of the pathogen, was estimated in vitro for fungicides of the methyl benzimidazole carbamates—MBC (benomyl and thiabendazole) and demethylation-inhibiting—DMI (imazalil, prochloraz, tebuconazole) groups. Mycelial growth on fungicide-free media and virulence on papaya fruits of the MBC-sensitive and non-sensitive isolates were compared. For MBCs, 8.4% of isolates were non-sensitive to fungicides. For the remaining 91.6%, the mean EC₅₀ ranged from 0.002 to 0.13 μg ml⁻¹ and 0.36 to 1.27 μg ml⁻¹ for benomyl and thiabendazole, respectively. For DMIs, the mean EC₅₀ range for imazalil was 0.001 to 2.27 μg ml⁻¹, 0.04 to 1.75 μg ml⁻¹ for prochloraz, and 0.14 to 4.05 μg ml⁻¹ for tebuconazole. The EC₅₀ values of non-sensitive isolates were significantly (P≤0.05) higher those for the sensitive isolates for each of the DMI fungicides. Differences (P≤0.05) were found in the levels of sensitivity to DMI fungicides among the isolate populations associated with orchards. The populations from two orchards were less sensitive to DMIs. No solid evidence was found for fitness costs relating to MBC non-sensitive isolates because mycelial growth in fungicide-free media and virulence on papaya fruits were similar to those of sensitive isolates.  相似文献   

Anesthesia case of the month. EPAM     

Clark-Price SC  Gutierrez-Nibeyro SD  Santos MP 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2012,240(1):40-44

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Osteoprogenitor Cell Therapy in an Equine Fracture Model     

Laurie A. McDuffee DVM  PhD  Diplomate ACVS  LeeAnn Pack DVM  Diplomate ACVR  Marcos Lores DVM  Diplomate ABVP  Glenda M. Wright PhD  Blanca Esparza‐Gonzalez MSc  Elmabrok Masaoud PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2012,41(7):773-783

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Resonance of scantlings indicates the stiffness even of small specimens of Eucalyptus from plantations     

Paulo Ricardo Gherardi Hein  José Tarcísio Lima  Joseph Gril  Ant?nio Marcos Rosado  Lo?c Brancheriau 《Wood Science and Technology》2012,46(4):621-635

The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between the stiffness of scantlings, approaching structural size materials, and small specimens of 6-year-old Eucalyptus urophylla?×?grandis wood using a resonance technique. The correlation between the elastic modulus (E) of the scantlings in longitudinal vibration and small specimens in flexural vibration was r?=?75 when comparing the scantling values with the averaged values of the specimens per scantling. However, when the E of each single specimen was compared with its respective scantling, the coefficient of correlation decreased to r?=?0.64 in the longitudinal tests and r?=?0.61 in the flexural tests. A roughly linear correlation (r?=?0.59) between specific modulus and loss tangent was obtained for the small specimens of Eucalyptus. In short, the resonance technique rapidly provided a large, accurate data set of mechanical wood properties as required for high-throughput phenotyping in recent genetic studies.  相似文献   

Seroprevalence and risk factors for Neospora caninum in sheep in the state Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil     

da Silva Andrade G  Bruhn FR  Rocha CM  Guimarães Ade S  Gouveia AM  Guimarães AM 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,188(1-2):168-171

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with infection due to Neospora caninum in serum samples from 488 sheep originating from 63 farms in 63 municipalities distributed across eight of the twelve mesoregions of the state Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. For detection of N. caninum the sheep serum samples were subjected to the indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT ≥ 50). To identify the risk factors associated with infection due to N. caninum a questionnaire was filled out for each herd by interviewing, the individual responsible for the herd, demanding information on the general characteristics of the property. Sixty-four sheep sera (13.1%; 95% CI=10.3-16.4) presented IgG-specific anti-N. caninum antibodies with the following titers: 50 (49; 76.6%), 100 (7; 10.9%), 200 (4; 6.2%), 400 (3; 4.7%) and 800 (1; 1.6%). The prevalence of infected sheep per mesoregion ranged from 0 to 28.1%. Out of the 63 farms sampled, 31 (49.2%; 95% CI=36.4-62.1) presented at least one seropositive sheep. No significant association was found between the presence of anti-N. caninum antibodies and the risk factors evaluated on the farms, except for the mesoregion variable (p=0.004; OR=0.429; CI95%=0.182-1.008). These results indicate that there is a need for additional research to define the epidemiological importance of this parasite as a cause of reproductive problems in sheep herds in Minas Gerais.  相似文献   

First report of Lagochilascaris (Nematoda: Ascarididae) eggs in a public park in Southern Brazil     

de Moura MQ  Jeske S  Gallina T  Borsuk S  Berne ME  Villela MM 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,184(2-4):359-361

Public parks, especially in developing countries, are places where stray animals run free and may contaminate the environment with different species of parasites. In an evaluation of environmental sanitation of these sites, soil samples were collected monthly from public parks in the Pelotas city, Rio Grande do Sul State, Southern Brazil. Eggs of the nematode Lagochilascaris sp. were found in a public playground. This is the first report of identification of this nematode in Southern Brazil.  相似文献   

A longitudinal study of Neospora caninum infection on three dairy farms in Brazil     

Cardoso JM  Amaku M  Araújo AJ  Gennari SM 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,187(3-4):553-557

Neospora caninum is an apicomplexan protozoan parasite that is one of the most important infectious causes of abortion in both dairy and beef cattle in many countries. The objectives of this longitudinal study were to determine the prevalence, rates of vertical and horizontal transmission of N. caninum and hazard for culling of N. caninum-seropositive animals in three Brazilian dairy herds. Blood samples from all animals were collected nine times at each of the three farms over a two-year period. Serum was tested for antibodies against N. caninum using the indirect fluorescent antibody test with a cutoff value of 1:100. The percentage of N. caninum-positive samples at each sampling time ranged at Farm I from 3.32% to 11.71%, at Farm II from 3.90% to 22.06% and at Farm III from 3.90% to 22.06%. The number of positive serological reactions varied in relation to the number of repeated samples taken from individual animals at each farm. In all herds, there was a high degree (P<0.05) of association between the N. caninum serological status of dams and daughters. The seropositive conversion rate was estimated as 0.37%, 3.00% and 6.94% per 100 cow-years at Farms I, II and III, respectively. The seronegative conversion rate was estimated as 31.58% and 11.11% per 100 cow-years at Farms I and III, respectively. In all herds, there was no difference (P>0.05) in the culling rate between the cattle that were seropositive cattle and seronegative for N. caninum infection. The results from this study confirm the importance of vertical transmission in the epidemiology of N. caninum. Although a few positive seroconversions indicated horizontal transmission, it does not appear to be the major route of infection for N. caninum.  相似文献   

A multiplex PCR for the detection of Brucella spp. and Leptospira spp. DNA from aborted bovine fetuses     

Richtzenhain LJ  Cortez A  Heinemann MB  Soares RM  Sakamoto SM  Vasconcellos SA  Higa ZM  Scarcelli E  Genovez ME 《Veterinary microbiology》2002,87(2):139-147

Bovine brucellosis and leptospirosis are important causes of bovine abortion around the world. Both diseases can be serologically diagnosed, but many factors may cause false positive and negative results. Direct methods based on bacteriological isolation are usually employed, but they are difficult, time consuming and dangerous. Monoplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have been successfully described for the detection of Brucella spp. and Leptospira spp. Aiming at improvement in the direct diagnosis, a multiplex PCR (mPCR) for the detection of these agents in aborted bovine fetuses is described. The detection threshold of the mPCR was evaluated in experimentally contaminated bovine clinical samples using a conventional proteinase K/SDS or a boiling-based extraction protocols. The mPCR was applied to two groups of clinical samples: 63 episodes of bovine abortion and eight hamsters experimentally infected with Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona. Adopting microbiological isolation as reference, the test showed a sensitivity of 100% in both groups of clinical samples. Seven samples collected from bovine fetuses were Brucella spp. culture negative but showed positive results in mPCR. Regarding Leptospira spp. detection, similar results were observed in three bovine clinical samples. All hamsters infected with Leptospira were positive in both microbiological culture and mPCR. The boiling extraction protocol showed better results in some clinical samples, probably by the removal of PCR inhibitors by heat treatment. The high sensitivity, simplicity and the possibility of detection of both bacteria in a single tube reaction support the use of the mPCR described in the routine diagnosis.  相似文献