The effects of fertilization on the health status,nutrition and growth of Norway spruce forests with yellowing symptoms     

Stanislav Vacek  Iva Ulbrichová  Jiří Remeš  Vilém Podrázský  Marek Vach 《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2019,34(4):267-281

We studied the effects of magnesium (Mg) NPK fertilizer applied in 2000 to maturing Norway spruce (Picea abies /L./ Karst.) stands with yellowing symptoms and situated on poor acidified soils in the ?umava mountains (the Czech Republic). Long-term defoliation, nutrient content in the foliage and diameter increment were evaluated in three specific variants: yellowing trees, trees without yellowing symptoms and fertilized trees. The results indicate differences in soil characteristics, nutrient content and radial growth with response to climate. Fertilization increased Mg content and base saturation in the soil and decreased the amount of exchangeable aluminum and hydrolytic acidity. Differences were significant especially in magnesium, calcium and phosphorus contents in the foliage of yellowing trees. There was also a significant difference in manganese content; yellowing trees showed deficiency in comparison with both fertilized and unfertilized healthy trees. Two years after the initial fertilization (to present), defoliation and yellowing symptoms in the unfertilized yellowing trees were more pronounced compared to other variants. These symptoms were more influenced by fertilization than foliation. The duration of significant positive effects of fertilization on diameter increment lasted for a shorter time than the effect on foliage. Simultaneously, higher sensitivity to climatic factors was observed in the fertilized trees.  相似文献   

Impact of water scarcity on spruce and beech forests     

Lenka Krupková  Kate?ina Havránková  Jan Krejza  Pavel Sedlák  Michal V.Marek 《林业研究》2019,(3):899-909

One of the greatest threats posed by ongoing climate change may be regarded the drought caused by changes in precipitation distribution. The aim of presented study was to characterize reactions to dry conditions and conditions without drought stress on gross primary production (GPP) and net ecosystem production (NEP) of spruce and beech forests, as these two species dominate within the European continent. Daily courses of GPP and NEP of these two species were evaluated in relation to an expected decrease in CO2 uptake during dry days. The occurrence of CO2 uptake hysteresis in daily production was also investigated. Our study was performed at Bily Kriz(spruce) and Stitna(beech) mountain forest sites during 2010–2012 period. We applied eddy covariance technique for the estimation of carbon fluxes, vapor pressure deficit and precipitation characteristics together with the SoilClim model for the determination of drought conditions, and the inverse of the Penman–Monteith equation to compute canopy conductance. Significant differences were found in response to reduced water supply for both species. Spruce reacts by closing its stomata before noon and maintaining a reduced photosynthetic activity for the rest of the day, while beech keeps its stomata open as long as possible and slightly reduces photosynthetic activity evenly throughout the entire day. In the spruce forest, we found substantial hysteresis in the light response curve of GPP. In the beech forest, the shape of this curve was different: evening values exceeded morning values.  相似文献   

Microstructure of the small intestine in broiler chickens fed a diet with probiotic or synbiotic supplementation     

Joanna Bogucka  David Miguel Ribeiro  Monika Bogus&#x;awska‐Tryk  Agata Dankowiakowska  Rosrio Plcido Roberto da Costa  Marek Bednarczyk 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2019,103(6):1785-1791

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of dietary supplementation of a probiotic and a synbiotic on the morphometric parameters of the small intestine of broiler chickens. The experiment was conducted on three hundred sixty, one‐day‐old female Ross 308 chicks, which were randomly selected from 20,000 birds and divided into three treatment groups (n = 120) with ten replicates per treatment. The control group (C) was fed a commercial diet, the probiotic group (PRO) was fed the same diet with an added 1% of the probiotic Lavipan® (Lactococcus lactis, Carnobacterium divergens, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and the synbiotic group (SYN) was fed the commercial diet with an added synbiotic: 0.8% of the prebiotic RFO (extracted from lupin seeds) and 1% Lavipan®. According to the manufacturer's data, apart from the typical probiotic action,microorganisms contained in the preparation release anti‐bacterial substances (hydrogen peroxide and bacteriocins) and, therefore, are antagonistic towards pathogenic bacteria present in the gut of animals. Supplementation took place in the first seven days of rearing, and all birds had ad libitum access to water and feed during the 42 days of the experiment. On the last day, all birds were slaughtered and samples from three segments of the small intestine were taken. Villi area, height, width and crypt depth ratios were read using Multiscan software. Synbiotic supplementation increased the BWG of broilers from first to tenth day of rearing, compared to the control group. The PRO group had improved villi morphometric parameters of the duodenum. In the jejunum and ileum, both bioactive substances improved villus width and villus surface area. Crypts were deeper in the small intestine of birds supplemented with bioactive substances, which allows greater renewal of the villi. As expected, the intestinal morphometric parameters of broiler chickens benefited from bioactive substance supplementation.  相似文献   

Quality of Wine Grape Cultivars Grown in Czech Republic     

Martin Král  Martina Ošťádalová  Jana Pokorná  Bohuslava Tremlová  Eliška Rohrerová  Marek Šnirc  Tomáš Fekete 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2018,60(1):29-35

This research aims to make an analysis of significant parameters in wine grape from Czech Republic. It was evaluated pH, content of sugar, ascorbic acid, titratable acidity, total phenolic content and texture properties. For analyzes 5 samples of wine grape were used, harvested during the three periods. The results show that during the ripening of wine grapes there were changes of selected qualitative parameters, particularly of total polyphenols, sugar and some varieties of wine grape also ascorbic acid (significantly in the variety ’Grüner Veltliner’, ’Chardonnay’, ’Pinot Blanc’). Pronounced changes qualitative parameters were among wine grapes harvested the 1st and 2nd seasons. Changes in textural properties also occurred during the harvest and for most varieties between 2nd and 3rd period of harvest. The PCA grouped chemical parameters of wine grape in independent sets and can be used as assessment tool of wine cultivars.  相似文献   

Post Hoc Assessment of Stand Structure Across European Wood-Pastures: Implications for Land Use Policy     

Marlene Roellig  Augusta Costa  Matteo Garbarino  Jan Hanspach  Tibor Hartel  Simon Jakobsson  Regina Lindborg  Sabine Mayr  Tobias Plieninger  Marek Sammul  Anna Varga  Joern Fischer 《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2018,71(5):526-535

Europe’s woodland and savanna rangelands, often part of silvopastoral systems known as wood-pastures, are deteriorating because of abandonment that leads to return to a forested state or lack of tree regeneration from overgrazing or tree and shrub removal. Despite numerous local studies, there has been no broader survey of the stand structure of European wood-pastures showing which systems are at risk of losing their semiopen character. This overview aims to 1) show some of the differences and similarities in wood-pastures from landscapes across Europe and 2) identify which of these wood-pastures are at risk of losing their semiopen character. We collated a dataset of 13 693 trees from 390 plots in wood-pastures from eight different European regions (western Estonia, eastern Greece, northern Germany, Hungary, northern Italy, southern Portugal, central Romania, and southern Sweden), including tree diameters at breast height, tree density, management type, and tree species composition. On the basis of their structural characteristics, we classified wood-pastures using principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. The PCA showed a gradient from dense wood-pastures with high levels of regeneration (e.g., in Estonia) to sparse wood-pastures with large trees but a lack of regeneration (e.g., in Romania). Along this gradient, we identified three main groups of wood-pastures: 1) sparse wood-pastures with mostly big trees; 2) dense wood-pastures composed of small trees, and 3) wood-pastures containing a wide range of tree ages. Our results show a large structural gradient in European wood-pastures, as well as regeneration problems varying in their severity, highlighting the importance of social-ecological context for wood-pasture conditions. To maintain the ecological and cultural integrity of European wood-pastures, we suggest 1) more comprehensively considering them in European policies such as the Common Agricultural Policy and EU Habitats Directive, while 2) taking into account their structural characteristics and social-ecological backgrounds.  相似文献   

Simplified analysis of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in water,vegetation and soil by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry     

LeEtta J Marek  William C Koskinen 《Pest management science》2014,70(7):1158-1164

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Air-pollution Effect and Paleotemperature Scale versus δ13C Records in Tree Rings and in a Peat Core (Southern Poland)     

Jędrysek  Mariusz O.  Krąpiec  Marek  Skrzypek  Grzegorz  Kałużny  Adam 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2003,145(1-4):359-375

Water, Air, &; Soil Pollution - Carbon isotope analyses of peat profiles from the Karkonosze Mts. (SW Poland) and tree-ring cellulose from Wis?a river valley in the Kraków region (S...  相似文献   

Application of the fast method to analyze the sensitivity-uncertainty of a lagrangian model of sulphur transport in Europe     

Marek Uliasz 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1988,40(1-2):33-49

A Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test (FAST) is applied to study uncertainty of the EMEP-W atmospheric model of long range transport of S in Europe. The FAST method requires frequency distribution of model parameters as input data and provides the following results: (i) mean value of the model output, (ii) variance of the model output which characterizes the parameter uncertainty of the model, and (iii) partial variances of the model output which are the measures of the model sensitivity to uncertainties in individual input parameters. A mathematical formulation of the FAST method and approximations used in its computer implementation is presented. The application requires an extension of the original method to evaluate the model output frequency distribution for different forms of prescribed frequency distributions for parameters. The computer program allows one to apply the FAST method for an arbitrary mathematical model with different options defined by the user. Some examples of uncertainty analysis of the EMEP model using real meteorological and emission data are described and compared with results obtained by the Monte-Carlo method.  相似文献   

A new isoflavanone from Iresine herbstii     

Valentová M  Marek R  Svajdlenka E  Kubínová R  Suchý V 《Fitoterapia》2011,82(2):272-275

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Growth performance and meat quality from broiler chickens reared with zeolite and halloysite in feed and straw pellet     

Mirosław Banaszak  Jakub Biesek  Marek Adamski 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13649

The study's aim was to analyze the effects of different levels of halloysite (H) and zeolite (Z) in feed and pellets on the growth and meat quality in chickens; 500 Ross 308 broilers were assigned to five groups (1 g, control; 2–5 g, experimental). In Groups 2–5, different proportions of Z and H in feed (25:75 ratio; 0.5% to 2%) and pellet in kg/m² (2, 0.650H; 3, 0.325H and 0.325Z; 4, 0.650Z; 5, 0.160H and 0.490Z) were used. Body weight was higher than 1 in all experimental groups, and carcass weight was higher, except for Group 2. The feed consumption was lower in Groups 3 and 5 than in Group 4. The breast muscle weight was higher in Group 3 than in the control group. In Groups 2, 3, and 5, the water holding capacity in the breast muscles was better than in Group 4 and in the leg muscles in Groups 3 and 4 than in Groups 1 and 5. Most of the tested characteristics indicate a beneficial effect of aluminosilicates in feed and litter on the growth and quality of meat.  相似文献