Application of a plant bioassay for the evaluation of ecotoxicological risks of heavy metals in sediments affected by mining activities     

Mari Luz García-Lorenzo  María José Martínez-Sánchez  Carmen Pérez-Sirvent 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2014,14(10):1753-1765

Purpose

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of a plant bioassay (Phytotoxkit®) for screening ecotoxicological risks in sediments affected by mining activities.

Materials and methods

A total of 42 sediment samples affected by mining activities were studied, including 39 sediment samples from the Sierra Minera, Spain, an area affected by old extraction procedures, and three sediments from an area affected by opencast mining. These three samples were then mixed with limestone filler at 10, 20 and 30 %, providing nine stabilised samples. The total and soluble metal(loid) content (As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn) was determined in all samples, and the Phytotoxkit® bioassay was applied to determine the ecotoxicological effect of this procedure.

Results and discussion

The stabilised material had a neutral pH and low soluble metal(loid) concentration, similar to that of samples in which a natural attenuation process had taken place because of mixing with surrounding carbonate-rich materials. An ecotoxicological survey identified the low toxicity levels of the stabilised samples.

Conclusions

The applied bioassay is a good tool for screening metal(loid) contamination in areas affected by mining activities, since it provides information on both natural and simulated attenuation processes. The mixing of sediments with limestone filler could be applied to the remediation of zones affected by mining activities, because the toxicological effect on the tested organisms in the stabilised sediments was reduced significantly and the metal(loid) content was diminished.  相似文献   

Inheritance and heritability of resistance to citrus leprosis     

Bastianel M  de Oliveira AC  Cristofani M  Filho OG  Freitas-Astúa J  Rodrigues V  Astúa-Monge G  Machado MA 《Phytopathology》2006,96(10):1092-1096

ABSTRACT The genetic inheritance of resistance to leprosis, the most important viral disease of citrus in Brazil, was characterized through the phenotypic assessment of 143 hybrids resulting from crosses between tangor 'Murcott' (Citrus sinensis x C. reticulata) and sweet orange 'Pêra' (C. sinensis), considered to be resistant and susceptible to the disease, respectively. All plants were grafted onto Rangpur lime (C. limonia) and inoculated with Citrus leprosis virus, cytoplasmic type through the infestation with viruliferous mites, Brevipalpus phoenicis. The experiments were arranged in a completely randomized block design with 10 replicates. Incidence and severity of the disease in leaves and stems as well as plant growth parameters (plant height and stem diameter) were recorded for 3 years after the infestation with the viruliferous mites. The average values of all variables were analyzed using principal component analysis, discriminant factorial analysis, estimation of the clonal repeatability coefficients, and frequency of the distributions of the average values for each measured variable. The principal component analysis resulted in the identification of at least two groups with resistance and susceptibility to leprosis, respectively. About 99% of all hybrids were correctly classified according to the discriminant factorial analysis. The broad-sense heritability coefficients for characteristics associated with incidence and severity of leprosis ranged from 0.88 to 0.96. The data suggest that the inheritance of resistance to leprosis may be controlled by only a few genes.  相似文献   

Factors involved in Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated gene transfer into Pinus nigra Arn. ssp. salzmannii (Dunal) Franco     

Marián López  Jaime M. Humara  Roberto Rodríguez  Ricardo J. Ordás 《Euphytica》2000,114(3):195-203

Cotyledons from dissected sterile embryos of salgareño pine (Pinus nigra Arn. ssp. salzmannii (Dunal) Franco) were inoculated with different disarmed Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains harbouring the binary vector p35SGUSint. The transient expression of a β-glucuronidase gene (uidA) was studied, using a histochemical staining procedure. Nineteen days after inoculation, the activity of β-glucuronidase was detected in epidermal and subepidermal layers of cotyledonary explants. The EHA105 strain harbouring a disarmed agropine-type Ti-plasmid (pTiBO542) was the most effective for gene transfer of the uidA gene. The effects of exudates and extracts from 0-day-old embryos on induction of vir gene expression in A. tumefaciens were also examined. The results of this study showed that salgarño pine embryo exudates contain a substance(s) that induce vir gene expression, in similar way to that observed with 100 μM acetosyringone (AS).All these findings suggest that T-DNA processing and transfer might take place when Agrobacterium infects suitable tissues of salgareño pine.  相似文献   

Somatic cell and innate immune responses in mammary glands of lactating cows to intramammary infusion of Bifidobacterium breve at pre-drying off period     

Hajime NAGAHATA  Mari KINE  Hisato WATANABE  Ai TANAKA  Aoi TAKAHASHI  Satoshi GONDAIRA  Hidetoshi HIGUCHI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(12):1845

Intramammary infusion of Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve)-induced somatic cell (SC) counts, chemiluminescent response (CL), lactoferrin (LF) concentrations and mastitis-causing pathogens from quarters with subclinical mastitis were measured to evaluate innate immune response of mammary glands in dairy cows at 3 to 4 weeks before drying off. SC counts in 7 quarters of 7 control cows and 5 quarters of 6 cows with mastitis increased markedly on day 1 and SC values in control cows were significantly (P<0.05) increased and returned to pre-infusion levels on day 5 after B. breve-infusion. CL values in both groups increased markedly on day 1 and then decreased after B. breve-infusion; however, CL values in cows with mastitis did not return to normal levels on day 5 and at postpartum. The CL values were highly correlated with their SC counts in milk from both groups. LF concentrations increased toward day 3 after B. breve-infusion and were higher in cows with mastitis. B. breve-infusion eliminated 16.6% (1/6) of pathogens from 6 quarters with chronic subclinical mastitis. B. breve-induced SC responses in quarters from 3 cows with mastitis showed characteristic patterns of recovery, persistent and new infections. B. breve-induced SC counts in quarters from the cows in the pre-drying off were lower (25.7–70.6%) than those of the cows in mid-lactation. The intrinsic innate immune response in cows on pre-drying off may be decreased and appears to be insufficient to eliminate pathogens from mammary gland in the pre-drying off.  相似文献   

Some observations on bovine leukosis virus antibodies in Ethiopia     

Mari Heinonen  Wubeshet Assefa 《Tropical animal health and production》1995,27(4):225-226

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Comparative morphology of the snake spectacle using light and transmission electron microscopy          下载免费PDF全文

Mari‐Ann O. Da Silva  Mads F. Bertelsen  Tobias Wang  Jan U. Prause  Thøger Svahn  Steffen Heegaard 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2016,19(4):285-290

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Respiratory disease associated with bovine coronavirus infection in cattle herds in Southern Italy.     

Nicola Decaro  Marco Campolo  Costantina Desario  Francesco Cirone  Maria D'Abramo  Eleonora Lorusso  Grazia Greco  Viviana Mari  Maria Loredana Colaianni  Gabriella Elia  Vito Martella  Canio Buonavoglia 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2008,20(1):28-32

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Prevalence of congenital sensorineural deafness in a population of client‐owned purebred kittens in the United Kingdom     

Lorenzo Mari  Julia Freeman  Jan Van Dijk  Luisa De Risio 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2019,33(4):1707-1713

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Predictors of urinary or fecal incontinence in dogs with thoracolumbar acute non‐compressive nucleus pulposus extrusion     

Lorenzo Mari  Sebastien Behr  Anita Shea  Elisabet Dominguez  Cristoforo Ricco  Emili Alcoverro  Abel Ekiri  Daniel Sanchez‐Masian  Luisa De Risio 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2019,33(6):2693-2700

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Luteal Blood Flow and progesterone concentration during first and second postpartum estrous cycle in lactating dairy cows     

Eleonora Iacono  Martina Lucci  Gaetano Mari  Barbara Merlo 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2019,54(10):1341-1347

The aim of the present study was to determine the differences in corpus luteum (CL) functionality between the first postpartum estrous cycle and the following cycle in lactating dairy cows. Luteal blood flow (LBF), luteal size and blood progesterone (P4) concentration were monitored during the first and second postpartum estrous cycle. During the first and second postpartum estrous cycle, the mean LBF value increased (p < .05) from early to late dioestrus, while it decreased rapidly in proestrus, resulting statistically lower (p < .05) than those registered in all previous phases. Statistically significant differences were not observed between overall LBF during first and second postpartum estrous cycle (p > .05). During the first postpartum estrous cycle, P4 blood concentrations showed a significant reduction (p < .05) from dioestrus to proestrus. A different trend of P4 concentrations was observed during the second postpartum estrous cycle, where mean P4 value registered in proestrus resulted statistically lower than those registered in the previous cycle phases (p < .05). The mean P4 concentration registered over the first postpartum estrous cycle resulted statistically lower (p < .05) than that registered during the second one. A significant correlation between P4 concentrations and LBF was registered only during the second postpartum estrous cycle. Results indicate that during the first postpartum estrous cycle, P4 concentration was independent of luteal blood flow and luteal size.  相似文献