Comparison of arterial blood pressure measurements obtained invasively or oscillometrically using a Datex S/5 Compact monitor in anaesthetised adult horses     

Tyfane T. Yamaoka  Derek Flaherty  Patricia Pawson  Marian Scott  Adam Auckburally 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(3):492-501

Objective

To assess agreement between noninvasive blood pressure (NIBP) oscillometrically-derived values from a multiparameter monitor (Datex Ohmeda S/5 Compact) with those obtained by invasive blood pressure (IBP) measurement in anaesthetised horses undergoing elective surgery.

Study design

Prospective clinical study.

Animals

A total of 40 healthy adult horses.

Methods

Horses were anaesthetised with various anaesthetic protocols (based on clinical requirements). Depending on positioning, cannulation of the facial or lateral metatarsal artery was performed for IBP measurement. The cannula was connected via a transducer to the monitor. An appropriately sized NIBP cuff was placed around the tail base and connected to the same monitor. Systolic (SAP), mean (MAP) and diastolic (DAP) arterial blood pressures were continuously recorded from the invasive system, and at 3 minute intervals from the oscillometric system, throughout the surgical procedure using a Datex iCollect program. An appropriate arithmetic correction factor was applied to the oscillometric results where the cuff was not level with the heart. Assessment of the degree of agreement between invasive and noninvasive readings at each time point was performed using a modified Bland-Altman analysis.

Results

While in many horses there was relatively close correlation between the values obtained over time, there was substantial variability in individual animals which resulted in wide Bland-Altman limits of agreement. The oscillometric device over-reads by approximately 32, 23 and 22 mmHg, and under-reads by 26, 17 and 19 mmHg for SAP, MAP and DAP, respectively, compared with the IBP values. However, using the mean difference and standard deviation, the device conforms to American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) standards.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Oscillometric blood pressure measurement using the Datex Ohmeda S/5 Compact multiparameter monitor conforms to ACVIM standards when the NIBP cuff is placed on the tail. However, because of the wide variability in measurements, we cannot recommend this technique to guide therapy in anaesthetised adult horses.  相似文献   

Concentrations of Some Metabolites Produced by Fungi of the Genus Fusarium and Selected Elements in Spring Spelt Grain     

Marian Wiwart  Wolfgang Kandler  Juliusz Perkowski  Franz Berthiller  Beatrix Preinerstorfer  Elbieta Suchowilska  Maciej Buko  Magdalena Laskowska  Rudolf Krska 《Cereal Chemistry》2009,86(1):52-60

The aim of this study was to determine the content of selected elements and metabolites produced by fungi of the genus Fusarium in spelt (Triticum spelta L.) grain and husks and common wheat (T. aestivum L.) grain. Concentrations of trichothecenes, a volatile metabolite trichodiene (TRICH), as well as ergosterol (ERG) and adenosine 5′‐triphosphate (ATP) (a total microbial biomass indicator), were assessed. Toxin concentrations in spelt grain and husks harvested in 2003 and 2004 were comparable. Average deoxynivalenol concentrations reached 450 and 523 μg/kg in grain and 2,162 and 855 μg/kg in husks, respectively. Spelt grain, in comparison with common wheat grain, contained significantly higher concentrations of P, S, Mg, Zn, and Cu and a lower concentration of Al, whereas the concentrations of Ca, Fe, and Pb were significantly higher in the husks than in the grain of this cereal. A comparison of concentrations of Fusarium spp. metabolites in the grain of spelt and common wheat showed that the total concentration of mycotoxins and TRICH was slightly lower in T. spelta, whereas common wheat grain contained lower concentrations of ERG and ATP. The obtained results indicate that spelt husks contain considerable concentrations of trichothecenes.  相似文献   

Relationship Between Biomass Yield of Field Grown Maize Genotypes and Seedling Traits under Controlled Conditions     

P. Stamp    R. Thiraporn  G. Geisler 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1986,157(2):86-91

Investigations were done on six maize inbred lines of different origin and their diallel set of crosses. Seedlings grown at 14°, 22°, 30° and 38°C until three leaves stage were studied for morphological, anatomical and photosynthetic traits of leaves. These traits were screened for correlation with shoot dry weight at harvest under field conditions i) in 1981 and 1982 in North Germany, cool climate (CS); ii) 1981 in Thailand (WS). The correlation between seedling traits under controlled conditions and shoot dry weight under field conditions markedly changed after anthesis. Some few seedling traits closely correlated with biomass yield, favourably at 14° and 38°C. They mostly belonged to the morphology and anatomy of the leaves (area first leaf at 38°C, r = 0.6—0.7, all locations; depth of stomata below the epidermal surface at 38°C, r =—0.5 at CS and —0.7 at WS). In spite of significant correlations between single seedling traits and biomass yield a relyable prediction of biomass yield should best be based on a carefully chosen set of seedling traits.  相似文献   

Bees are easily distracted     

Dawkins R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1969,165(3895):751

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Weitere Forschungen über die Leptospirenantigen-Struktur mittels Elektrophorese und Immunoelektrophorese1     

Jzef Parnas  Marian Cegielka  Maria Cybulska 《Zoonoses and public health》1966,13(3):286-296

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Effect of steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in combination with long-acting oxytetracycline on non-specific immunity of calves suffering from enzootic bronchopneumonia     

Bednarek D  Zdzisińska B  Kondracki M  Kandefer-Szerszeń M 《Veterinary microbiology》2003,96(1):53-67

The aim of this paper was to compare the effect of flumethasone and meloxicam in combination with oxytetracycline on clinical and immunological parameters of calves suffering from enzootic bronchopneumonia. The study was performed on 30 Black-and-White Lowland Breed calves with clinical signs of enzootic bronchopneumonia divided randomly into three equal groups and, respectively, treated with-Group I: oxytetracycline and meloxicam; Group II: oxytetracycline and flumethasone; Group III (control): oxytetracycline only. Treatment of calves with the combination of oxytetracycline and meloxicam (Group I) caused a significantly faster, in comparison to other groups, improvement in the clinical illness index score (CIIS: cough, nasal discharge, dyspnea, depression and anorexia) and a faster normalization of body temperature. A slow decrease in white blood cell (WBC) count, the number of neutrophils, MID (mixed number of monocytes, eosinophils and basophils) and in the individual number of monocytes (CD14/CD45 positive cells) was observed in Groups I and III. In the blood of the calves which received oxytetracycline and flumethasone (Group II), leukocytosis, neutrophilia and monocytosis with concomitant lymphopenia and a low number of T cells (CD2+) was observed. Moreover, the calves treated with flumethasone exhibited a decrease in gamma-globulin concentration, and phagocytic parameters. Both drugs, flumethasone and meloxicam slightly decreased tumor necrosis factor (TNF) but meloxicam slightly increased the levels of interferon (IFN) in sera and in bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs). These results suggest that the combination of meloxicam with an antibiotic in calves suffering from enzootic bronchopneumonia is superior to the antibiotic alone and also to the combination of the antibiotic with flumethasone.  相似文献   

Characterization of biotype T ofBemisia tabaci associated withEuphorbia characias in Sicily     

Stefano Demichelis  Claudio Arnò  Domenico Bosco  Daniele Marian  Piero Caciagli 《Phytoparasitica》2005,33(2):196-208

The T biotype ofBemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889), a population found colonizingEuphorbia characias L. plants on the Nebrodi-Peloritani mountains in Sicily, was biologically characterized. The minimum development time was 29.7 days at 28°C. Based on the regression of 1/dayvs T, the rate of development was calculated as 0.00206, the theoretical lower temperature threshold for development as 9.3°C, and the sum of effective temperatures as 485.1. At 25° C, egg-to-adult development was significantly shorter onDatura stramonium (30.1 days) than on eitherEuphorbia pulcherrima orEuphorbia characias (35.6 and 35.4 days, respectively). The fourth instar nymphs grown onD. stramonium had the typical oval outline and seven pairs of dorsal setae located on cone-like processes, often barely visible. The fourth instar nymphs and their pupal cases grown onE. characias had the outline deformed by the presence of hairs on the lower surface of the leaf. The pupae onD. stramonium were significantly larger (both longer and wider) than those reared onE. characias; on both host plants, female pupae were significantly larger than male ones. Analysis of variance showed that width of females onD. stramonium was significantly larger than the width of those reared onE. characias. Attempts at courtship between T- and Q-biotypes were observed, but adults from different biotypes were never seen mating. Only males were obtained from the seven heterologous crossing attempts, either way, whereas homologous, control breeding produced males and females. The T biotype was able to transmitTomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia begomovirus (TYLCSV) fromD. stramonium toD. stramonium, from tomato to tomato and from tomato toD. stramonium. Attempts to transmit TYLCSV fromD. stramonium to tomato were unsuccessful. The transmission efficiency was significantly lower when tomato was the test plant. The diverse biology and ecology of the T biotype confirm that it is genetically different from most Mediterranean biotypes. This paper is dedicated to the dear memory of our colleague Dr Claudio Arnò, who died on March 12, 2004, while this paper was being written.  相似文献   

Estimating the day of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H7N7) virus introduction into a poultry flock based on mortality data     

Bos ME  Van Boven M  Nielen M  Bouma A  Elbers AR  Nodelijk G  Koch G  Stegeman A  De Jong MC 《Veterinary research》2007,38(3):493-504

Despite continuing research efforts, knowledge of the transmission of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus still has considerable gaps, which complicates epidemic control. The goal of this research was to develop a model to back-calculate the day HPAI virus is introduced into a flock, based on within-flock mortality data. The back-calculation method was based on a stochastic SEIR (susceptible (S) - latently infected (E) - infectious (I) - removed (= dead; R)) epidemic model. The latent and infectious period were assumed to be gamma distributed. Parameter values were based on experimental H7N7 within-flock transmission data. The model was used to estimate the day of virus introduction based on a defined within-flock mortality threshold (detection rule for determining AI). Our results indicate that approximately two weeks can elapse before a noticeable increase in mortality is observed after a single introduction into a flock. For example, it takes twelve (minimum 11 - maximum 15) days before AI is detected if the detection rule is fifty dead chickens on two consecutive days in a 10 000 chicken flock (current Dutch monitoring rule for notification). The results were robust for flock size and detection rule, but sensitive to the length of the latent and infectious periods. Furthermore, assuming multiple introductions on one day will result in a shorter estimated period between infection and detection. The implications of the model outcomes for detecting and tracing outbreaks of H7N7 HPAI virus are discussed.  相似文献   

Short-distance cross-pollination of maize in a small-field landscape as monitored by grain color markers   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Michael Bannert  Andr Vogler  Peter Stamp 《European Journal of Agronomy》2008,29(1):29-32

Results of studies on cross-pollination in small field environments with regard to donor/receptor surface ratios and flower synchrony are scarce. In 2003 and 2004, six field experiments on cross-pollination were carried out in the cantons of Zug and Zurich, two hilly regions of Switzerland. Three (Monopol, Romario and PR39G12) color-dominant yellow-grain maize varieties (Zea mays L.) were planted in close proximity (0.8 m) to color-recessive white-grain maize (DSP17007). The factors of influence were size of the donor and receptor parts of the field and flower synchrony, tested in a tight grid pattern (2.4 m × 10 m; 6000 ears ha⁻¹). Widely varying field size ratios of donors to receptors (about 4:1–1:8) did not influence the cross-pollination rate at distances of 0–20 m from the pollen donor. The synchrony between pollen shedding of the donor and silking of the receptor had a large impact on cross-pollination. In relation to the mid-phase of silk emergence in the receptor field, a temporal isolation of five and seven days resulted in a significant decrease in cross-pollination by more than 80% in comparison to full synchrony. However, in a receptor field with irregular emergence of a number of weak, late-flowering plants led to a remarkable increase in cross-pollination, despite an average temporal separation of 7 days. Marked cross-pollination was restricted to distances up to 15 m; thus, average rates of cross-pollination above 0.9% were easily managed in small fields.  相似文献   

COURSE OF DRY MATTER AND NITROGEN ACCUMULATION OF SPRING WHEAT GENOTYPES KNOWN TO VARY IN PARAMETERS OF NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY     

Christos Noulas  Ioannis Alexiou  Juan M. Herrera  Peter Stamp 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(8):1201-1218

Field experiments were conducted for two years to compare and identify bread spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes which make the most efficient use of nitrogen (N). Such information is required for breeding strategies to reverse the negative relationship between yield and protein content. Three Swiss spring wheat cultivars (‘Albis’, ‘Toronit’, ‘Pizol’) and an experimental line (‘L94491’) were grown without (N0; 0 kg N ha^?1) and with high fertilizer N [(NH₄NO₃); (N1; 250 kg N ha^?1) supply on a clay loam soil with low organic matter content. Biomass and nitrogen accumulation in biomass as well as the leaf growth and senescence patterns (SPAD) were investigated in an attempt to explain the physiology of growth and N translocation of these genotypes. The pre-anthesis accumulation of biomass and N in the biomass depended on genotype only at N1 in 2000. In this year, conditions were less favorable for the pre-anthesis accumulation of biomass and N, which was, on average, 10 and 20% lower, respectively, of the total than in 1999. The contribution of pre-anthesis assimilates to the grain yield (CPAY) was higher in 1999 for all genotypes (36.9%) compared to 2000 (13.5%) except ‘Toronit’. Between anthesis and maturity the climate influenced the genetic variability of some N use efficiency components: N translocation efficiency (NTE) and dry matter translocation efficiency (DMTE). NTE was higher in 1999 (68.1%) compared to 2000 (50.7%); 1999 was a year in which the post-anthesis period was drier and warmer than usual. ‘Toronit’ produced the highest biomass by maturity due mainly to greater and longer lasting green leaf area after anthesis. ‘Albis’ performed relatively well under low input conditions, with considerable amounts of N being re-translocated to the seeds at maturity (NHI), whereas ‘Pizol’ accumulated in grains N as high as for ‘L94491’. In a humid temperate climate breeding for greater N uptake and partitioning efficiency may be a promising way to minimize N losses and produce high phytomass and grain yields. Using high protein lines as selection material and combining them with high biomass genotypes may lead to high protein contents without decreasing yield.  相似文献