Comparison of the Recurrence Rate of Gastric Dilatation with or Without Volvulus in Dogs after Circumcostal Gastropexy Versus Gastrocolopexy     

Anna V. Eggertsdóttir  DVM  PhD    Øyvind Stigen  DVM  PhD    Lars Lønaas  DVM  PhD    Marianne Langeland  DVM  PhD    Morten Devor  DVM    Gunvor Vibe-Petersen  DVM  PhD    Thomas Eriksen  DVM  PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2001,30(6):546-551

OBJECTIVE: To compare the recurrence rate of acute gastric dilatation with or without volvulus (GDV) after circumcostal gastropexy (CCGP) or gastrocolopexy (GCP) in dogs. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective, double-blind, multicenter, randomized, controlled, clinical trial with two groups (A and B). ANIMALS: Fifty-four client-owned dogs presented for treatment of GDV. METHODS: Dogs with acute GDV that had not previously had a gastropexy performed were included. The preoperative treatment before gastropexy was standardized. A CCGP was performed on dogs in group A, and a GCP was performed on dogs in group B. Postoperative treatment was standardized, but deviation did occur according to the special needs of particular patients. A minimal follow-up time of 180 days was required for dogs not excluded from the study. The median follow-up time in group A was 700 days; in group B, it was 400 days. The occurrence of abdominal pain and gastrointestinal problems after surgery were recorded by the owners. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the recurrence rate of GDV between the two groups. At the end of the study, the recurrence rate was 9% and 20% in group A and in group B, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Both surgical techniques are effective in preventing recurrence of GDV.  相似文献   

Sweat gland hamartoma resembling human syringocystadenoma papilliferum in two young cats     

Heimann MH  Ngendahayo P 《Veterinary dermatology》2007,18(6):451-455

Syringocystadenoma papilliferum, a hamartoma with mostly sweat gland, but also follicular infundibular elements, is described on the flank and head of two young cats. Clinically, lesions were cutaneous plaques characterized by irregular but sharply demarcated borders and a roughened, hyperpigmented surface. Complete surgical excision in one case was curative. Histologically, the lesion was limited to the superficial dermis and consisted of coalescing units of proliferating sweat glands. The proliferation was tubular or papillary, and may have been epitrichial, opening within dilated hypertrophied follicular infundibuli, or atrichial. Three types of epithelium were observed, recapitulating the formation of the follicular-sweat gland unit with infundibular, ductal and secretory epithelia. The glands reacted positively for alpha cytokeratin 8 and were supported by fibrous tissue with a plasmacytic, lymphocytic and neutrophilic infiltrate. As in humans, this lesion may be classified within the hamartoma-nevus-type category.  相似文献   

Six years of chairmanship and the Journal of Veterinary Medicine     

Sloet M 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2007,132(23):926-927

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Spatial variability of glyphosate mineralization and soil microbial characteristics in two Norwegian sandy loam soils as affected by surface topographical features     

Marianne Stenrød  Marie-Paule Charnay  Ole Martin Eklo 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2006,38(5):962-971

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible influence of surface topographical features on the spatial variability of glyphosate degradation and some microbial characteristics in sandy loam soil. Soil samples were taken from the ploughed layer across an agricultural field after seedbed preparation for grain (Grue site), and down to 1 m depth under a ridge tilled field (Målselv site), both sites having similar soil textural characteristics (sandy loam soil). Laboratory experiments were performed looking at glyphosate mineralization and soil microbial activity at the Grue site, as well as microbial biomass, activity and substrate utilization patterns at the Målselv site. Microbial biomass and activity decreased, and substrate utilization patterns changed with increasing soil depth, reflecting naturally occurring changes in quantity and quality of soil organic carbon. Further, our results show that considerable spatial heterogeneity in the degradation rate of glyphosate and general carbon utilization exists even across small areas within a single agricultural field. This horizontal variability was observed over several spatial scales, and could not be clearly explained. It evidently arose from differences in environmental factors affecting microbial activity and growth, and topographical features controlling redistribution of water and matter flow patterns were correlated to the investigated soil microbial variables.  相似文献   

FTIR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis can distinguish the geographic origin of extra virgin olive oils     

Tapp HS  Defernez M  Kemsley EK 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(21):6110-6115

This work investigates whether Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), in combination with multivariate analysis, can distinguish extra virgin olive oils from different producing countries. Duplicate spectra were collected from 60 oils from four European countries. Two approaches to data analysis were used as follows: first, the "whole spectrum" method of partial least squares (PLS) followed by distance-based linear discriminant analysis (LDA) applied to the PLS scores, and second, a genetic algorithm (GA) for variate selection from the raw data, followed by LDA applied to the selected subset. The PLS-LDA approach produced a cross-validation success rate of 96%, whereas the GA-LDA approach achieved a 100% cross-validation success rate, from subsets comprising only eight variates. Neither the selected variate nor the whole spectrum approach was able to offer insight into the origin of the discrimination in biochemical terms. However, FTIR analysis is rapid, and this work shows that it has the required discriminatory power to potentially offer a "black box" method of screening oils to verify their country of origin.  相似文献   

A herbarium-based method for estimates of temporal frequency changes: mosses in Sweden     

Lars Hedenäs  Irene BisangAnders Tehler  Marianne HamnedeKlas Jaederfelt  Göran Odelvik 《Biological conservation》2002,105(3):321-331

A new, resource-efficient, herbarium-based method for estimating temporal frequency changes in species, especially of non-vascular plants and fungi, is presented. It is based on a reference data set for the temporal distribution of general collecting activity for the organism group and geographical area of interest. The reference data set includes the collecting year of 650-1000 randomly selected herbarium specimens. The technique relies on the assumption that the temporal distribution of herbarium collections reflects the collecting activity in a region. The temporal distribution of collections of example species is compared with that of the reference data set to correct for the collecting intensity. Thus, cases that are explained by changes in general collecting frequency can be separated from those where other causes are likely. Species of the latter category need to be examined individually in order to assess whether the actual causes for the detected frequency variations are due to environmental changes or other factors. The present method provides a tool to assess actual increases and decreases of moderately frequent to common taxa, to aid in tracing predicted or unpredicted changes in nature.  相似文献   

Source areas of phosphorus transfer in an agricultural catchment,south-eastern Norway     

Marianne E. Bechmann  Johannes Deelstra 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(4):292-306

Abstract

The strategy to mitigate phosphorus (P) losses in areas of arable cropping in Norway has focused on measures to reduce erosion. Risk assessment of erosion has formed the basis for implementation of the measures. The soil P content has increased during recent decades, motivating an evaluation of its effect on P transfer in the landscape. The present study describes the spatial variability of runoff P concentrations from an agricultural dominated catchment (4.5 km²), representative for agriculture in south-eastern Norway. The concentrations of suspended sediments (SS), total P (TP) and dissolved reactive P (DRP) in runoff from 22 subcatchments (0.3–263 ha) during one year (monthly and during runoff-events) were evaluated. Contributions from point sources were 38 kg TP yr^?1 compared to a total P loss of 685 kg yr^?1 from the whole catchment. During low flow, mean diffuse TP concentration in runoff from subcatchments varied from 28 to 382 µg l^?1. The mean low flow TP concentration was 39 µg l^?1 from the housing area (only diffuse runoff) and 33 µg l^?1 from the forested area. During high flow the highest diffuse TP concentration was measured in an area with high erosion risk and high soil P status. At the subcatchment level the transfer of SS varied from 25 to 175% of the whole catchment SS transfer. Correspondingly for TP, the transfer varied from 50 to 260% of the whole catchment TP transfer. For each of five agricultural subcatchments the slope of the relationship between TP and SS concentrations reflected the mean soil P status of the subcatchment. Erosion risk estimates were closely related to the SS concentration (R²=0.83). The study illustrates that soil P status in addition to soil erosion is an important factor for P transfer.  相似文献   

Short-term effects on productivity and egg quality in nutrient-restricted versus non-restricted organic layers with access to different forage crops     

Klaus Horsted  Marianne Hammersh⊘j  John E. Hermansen 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(1):42-54

Abstract

Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of different forage crops on productivity and some egg quality parameters of small flocks of organic laying hens fed whole wheat or concentrates. Each experiment was carried out in a split plot design with two different forage crops and two types of supplementary feed (typical concentrate for organic layers versus whole wheat) with three replications. In the first experiment the tested forage crops were of a well-established grass/clover and a mixture of forbs (Fagopyrum esculentum, Phacelia tanacetifolia and Linum usitatissimum). In the second experiment the tested forage crops were a well-established grass/clover and chicory (Cichorium intybus cv. Grassland Puna). The results on productivity and egg quality suggest that laying hens consume large amounts of foraging material when accessible. In nutrient restricted hens (wheat-fed) the forage may yield a substantial contribution to the requirements of amino acids and metabolizable energy although productivity parameters and measurements on dry matter in albumen showed that wheat-fed hens, on a short-term basis, were not able to fully compensate for the lack of protein and amino acids by increased foraging. Of the forage crops investigated especially chicory seems to contribute to the nutrition of the hens. Measurements on eggshell parameters showed that oyster shells together with foraging material were sufficient to meet the hens’ calcium requirements. Yolk colour clearly revealed that laying hens consume large quantities of green fodder irrespective of the type of supplementary feed. Yolk colour from hens with access to chicory tended to be darker, of a redder and less yellow hue compared with grass/clover fed hens, which is considered a positive quality.  相似文献   

Prevention of Storage Aging in Dried Raw Blue Fox Skins     

Kirsti Rouvinen  Marja Marjoniemi  Marianne Eskolin  Esa Mäntysalo  Seppo Nummela 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(1):54-62

Abstract

Ninety dried raw blue fox skins having two different dietary backgrounds, saturated fat and fish fat feeding, were submitted to the following experimental treatments: dressing after pelting; control storage at 8 [ddot]C or at -20 [ddot]C; antioxidant diet, storage at 8 [ddot]C or at -20 [ddot]C; butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) drumming, storage at 8 [ddot]C or at -20 [ddot]C; nitrogen gas, storage at 20 [ddot]C; and pickling, storage at 8 [ddot]C. Each storage group contained five skins from both dietary groups. Storage duration for the dried raw skins was approximately one year, during which the changes in their fatty acid compositions were analysed. After the storage period the skins were dressed and the physical characteristics of the leathers were determined.

The dietary background of the animals had a significant influence on the fatty acid profiles of the dried raw skins, but it did not affect their fat peroxidation during storage. Moreover, freezing at a temperature of -20 [ddot]C or the antioxidant treatments employed did not prevent lipid peroxidation in the skins. In the pickle-treated skins the changes in the fatty acid profiles were even more pronounced than in the other groups. The only skins in which the fatty acid composition stayed constant were those stored in nitrogen gas.

The dietary background affected the breaking load and the elongation at break of the leather. Based on the measured physical characteristic of elongation at break, the quality of the leather decreased when the skins were stored in circumstances involving oxygen. The storage period is recommended to be kept to a minimum time, and storage temperatures above ±0 [ddot]C should be avoided, because of water condensation. The results also emphasize the importance of careful conservation and proper handling of the dried raw skins.  相似文献   

Effect of dietary fat and lighting programme on broiler skin strength and elasticity related to skin tearing     

Marianne Hammershoj 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(3):197-205

Three trials were conducted to evaluate the influence of dietary fat and light programmes during rearing on skin quality of a total of 7800 broilers to resist plucking stress. Experimental treatments were two light programmes of light:dark hours in trials 1 (24:0 and 16:8) and 2 (21:3 and 16:8), and two dietary fat sources of animal fat (AF) and soy bean oil (SBO) in trial 3. Within each trial the broilers were reared in separate pens of each replicate (n = 4) in two similar houses. The total frequency of skin tears and downgraded skin tears caused by the plucking process were registered by visual examination of 325 broilers from each replicate after plucking, and all carcasses were weighed individually. Broilers with intact skin and with skin tears were removed from the slaughter line and after air chilling, breast skin samples with dermis and hypodermis were cut and used for skin tensile strength and elasticity measurement.

Light programmes with long dark periods during raising of broilers reduced skin tearing at the processing plant. The use of soy bean oil as dietary fat source in comparison with animal fat increased the skin tearing frequency (P = 0.066) and showed slightly reduced skin elasticity. Skin tears were more frequent among female broilers, and they had a lower skin tensile strength (P < 0.001) and elasticity (P < 0.01). An overall positive correlation between broiler weight and skin tears was found and a negative correlation between frequency of skin tears and breast skin elasticity was found for female broilers, whereas skin strength showed less connection to skin tear occurrence.  相似文献