Comparing the photopic ERG i-wave in different species     

Rosolen SG  Rigaudière F  LeGargasson JF  Chalier C  Rufiange M  Racine J  Joly S  Lachapelle P 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2004,7(3):189-192

The i‐wave, a post b‐wave component of the human photopic electroretinogram (ERG), is claimed to originate at the level of the retinal ganglion cells (RGC) or more distally. We investigated whether this wave is a feature common to all species. Photopic ERGs were obtained from the following species: Beagle dog, European cat, New Zealand white rabbit, Göttingen minipig, Cynomolgus monkey, Sprague–Dawley and brown Norway rats, Hartley guinea pig, and CD1 and C57BL6 mice. Results were compared with those obtained from normal human subjects. Except for rats and mice, all species yielded a well‐demarcated i‐wave, easily identifiable and separated from the a–b‐wave complex by ≈ 20 ms. Our sample suggests that the i‐wave is a feature common to the photopic ERG of most species including humans. In view of its suggested origin, the i‐wave would offer a unique opportunity to test, with the flash ERG, the functional integrity of the retinal ganglion cells in animals where use of a pattern stimulus is not always easily obtained.  相似文献   

Effect of exercise on proglycogen and macroglycogen content in skeletal muscles of pigs with the Rendement Napole mutation     

Essén-Gustavsson B  Jensen-Waern M  Jonasson R  Andersson L 《American journal of veterinary research》2005,66(7):1197-1201

OBJECTIVE: To investigate influence of the Rendement Napole (RN-) mutation on proglycogen (PG) and macroglycogen (MG) content in skeletal muscles before and after exercise and evaluate glycogen concentrations within various muscle fiber types. ANIMALS: 5 pigs with the RN- mutation and 3 noncarrier pigs. PROCEDURE: Pigs performed 2 exercise tests on a treadmill. In the first, pigs (mean body weight, 27 kg) ran a distance of approximately 800 m. In the second, pigs (mean body weight, 63 kg) ran until fatigued. Biopsy specimens (biceps femoris muscle) for determination of PG and MG contents were obtained before and after exercise, 24 hours after the first test, and 3 hours after the second test. Histochemical analysis was performed on specimens obtained before and after the second test. RESULTS: Before exercise, PG stores did not differ markedly between groups, but MG stores were twice as high in pigs with the RN- mutation, compared with noncarrier pigs. The MG content decreased to a similar extent in both groups after exercise. Resynthesis of MG was greater in pigs with the RN- mutation than in noncarrier pigs by 3 hours after exercise. A low glycogen content after exercise was observed in many type I and type IIA fibers and in some type lIB fibers. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The RN- mutation was associated with high MG stores in skeletal muscle that did not influence exercise performance. The RN- mutation did not impair glycogenolysis during exercise but may induce faster resynthesis of MG after exercise.  相似文献   

Primary invasive ocular squamous cell carcinoma in a horse     

Kaps S  Richter M  Philipp M  Bart M  Eule C  Spiess BM 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2005,8(3):193-197

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Do animals have value?     

Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan M 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2002,127(18):575-576

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The prevalence and dynamics of Salmonella enterica IIIb 61:k:1,5,(7) in sheep flocks in Norway     

Sandberg M  Alvseike O  Skjerve E 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2002,52(3-4):267-275

Fifty randomly selected sheep flocks from a region in central Norway were sampled in December 1999 to determine the flock prevalence of Salmonella enterica subspecies diarizonae serovar 61:k:1,5,(7) (S. IIIb 61:k:1,5,(7)). From each flock, 15–41 rectal swabs were collected from individual sheep of different age groups and examined for S. IIIb 61:k:1,5,(7). Positive flocks were visited again in January–April and each time, rectal swabs from the same animals were collected and examined for this specific serovar. Seven flocks (14%; 95% CI 6.3–27%) were positive for S. IIIb 61:k:1,5,(7) in December; in all, 10 sheep out of the 1233 (0.8%) were positive at the first sampling. From the seven positive flocks, six, five, six, and nine animals were positive in January, February, March, and April, respectively. Of the total 21 individual sheep tested positive from January to April, 15 were >2 years old (OR_ex=3.26; 1.1–10.2). Six out of the seven positive flocks were large flocks (>117 ewes). Sharing of rams between flocks did not seem to be a risk factor for the presence of S. IIIb 61:k:1,5,(7) in a flock.  相似文献   

Aldose reductase activity and glucose-related opacities in incubated lenses from dogs and cats     

Richter M  Guscetti F  Spiess B 《American journal of veterinary research》2002,63(11):1591-1597

OBJECTIVE: To determine responses of canine and feline lenses to incubation in a medium with a high glucose concentration. SAMPLE POPULATION: Lenses from 35 dogs and 26 cats. PROCEDURE: Glucose concentrations were measured in paired lenses from 25 dogs and 17 cats after incubation for 14 days in high-glucose (30 mmol of glucose/L) or control (6 mmol of glucose/L) medium. Aldose reductase activity was measured spectrophotometrically in the incubated lenses and in freshly frozen lenses from 10 dogs and 9 cats. Two lenses of each group were studied histologically. RESULTS: Canine and feline lenses in high-glucose medium developed glucose-specific opacities of variable localization and extent. Canine lenses developed equatorial vacuoles, but severity of the lesions was not associated with the age of the dog. Lenses from young cats (< or = 4 years old) developed extensive posterior cortical opacities, whereas those from older cats (> 4 years old) did not. Glucose concentrations were similar in all lenses incubated in high-glucose medium; however aldose reductase activity was significantly lower in lenses from older cats, compared with lenses from young cats and from dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: High aldose reductase activity and glucose-related opacities suggest a central role for this enzyme in the pathogenesis of diabetic cataracts in dogs and cats. Because onset of diabetes mellitus usually occurs in cats > 7 years of age, low activity of aldose reductase in lenses of older cats may explain why diabetic cataracts are rare in this species despite hyperglycemia.  相似文献   

Growth and survival of the mycoparasiteConiothyrium minitans on lettuce leaves in contact with soil in the presece or absence ofSclerotinia sclerotiorum     

Matthijs Gerlagh  Marianne Kruse  Helen M. Van de Geijn  John M. Whipps 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1994,100(1):55-59

Lettuce leaves co-inoculated withSclerotinia sclerotiorum andConiothyrium minitans and controls were placed on, or buried in, soil for a period of two weeks to study development and survival ofC. minitans. OnS. sclerotiorum-infected leaves on the soil surface, the number of colonies ofC. minitans recovered was about 40% of the number of pycnidiospores applied. When buried in the soil there was a reduction to about 2% of the spores applied. WhenC. minitans was applied on healthy lettuce leaves, which were subsequently placed on or in soil, the recovery was about 4%. It is argued that these figures indicate multiplication ofC. minitans onS. sclerotiorum-infected lettuce leaves on the soil, and good survival in all other cases.  相似文献   

Microbiota of the conjunctival sac of 120 healthy cats     

Jessica Nina Büttner  Marianne Schneider  Jaqueline Csokai  Elisabeth Müller  Johanna Corinna Eule 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2019,22(3):328-336

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Microglia and astrocyte activation in the spinal cord of lame horses     

Constanza S. Meneses  Heine Y. Müller  Daniel E. Herzberg  Benjamin Uberti  Marianne P. Werner  Hedie A. Bustamante 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(1):92-102

Objective

To determine the microglial and astrocyte response to painful lameness in horses.

Study design

Ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression, cell density and morphology were determined through immunofluorescence within the dorsal horn of equine spinal cord.

Animals

A total of five adult horses with acute or chronic unilateral lameness, previously scheduled for euthanasia.

Methods

Musculoskeletal lameness was evaluated in five horses through visual evaluation according to clinical guidelines. Spinal cord samples were obtained immediately after euthanasia, and distal limb lesions were confirmed through dissection and radiography. Iba-1 immunostaining was used for detection and characterization of dorsal horn microglia. GFAP was used for immunostaining of dorsal horn astrocytes. Iba-1 and GFAP labeled cells were quantified in the dorsal horn, and intensity of fluorescence was compared between the ipsi- and contralateral dorsal horn to the affected limb, and between dorsal horn segments of all horses.

Results

Iba-1 expression was higher in the ipsilateral dorsal horn of the affected limb in contrast to the contralateral side dorsal horn. GFAP markers did not demonstrate increased astrocytic activity on the dorsal horn ipsilateral side to the distal limb lesion of affected horses. Horses with acute lameness predominantly had a spherical shape microglial phenotype, while cells from chronic lameness cases had variable morphology. Astrocytes evidenced small somas and large processes in both acute and chronic lameness, with higher GFAP localization in the main branches. As in the case of rodents, the localization of microglia and astrocytes in horses was mainly situated within laminae I, II and III.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Iba-1 and GFAP are functional and morphological markers of spinal microglial cells and astrocytes in horses with lameness.  相似文献   

Spatial configuration matters: a test of the habitat amount hypothesis for plants in calcareous grasslands     

Marianne Evju  Anne Sverdrup-Thygeson 《Landscape Ecology》2016,31(9):1891-1902

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