APHIDS ON SUGAR BEET AND SOME WEEDS IN ENGLAND, AND NOTES ON WEEDS AS A SOURCE OF BEET VIRUSES   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

G. D. Heathcote    R. A. Dunning  Marie D.  Wolfe 《Plant pathology》1965,14(1):1-10

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Exposure to sulfosulfuron in agricultural drainage ditches: field monitoring and scenario-based modelling     

Brown CD  Dubus IG  Fogg P  Spirlet M  Gustin C 《Pest management science》2004,60(8):765-776

Field monitoring and scenario-based modelling were used to assess exposure of small ditches in the UK to the herbicide sulfosulfuron following transport via field drains. A site in central England on a high pH, clay soil was treated with sulfosulfuron, and concentrations were monitored in the single drain outfall and in the receiving ditch 1 km downstream. Drainflow in the nine months following application totalled 283 mm. Pesticide lost in the first 12.5 mm of flow was 99% of the total loading to drains (0.5% of applied). Significant dilution was observed in the receiving ditch and quantifiable residues were only detected in one sample (0.06 microg litre(-1)). The MACRO model was evaluated against the field data with minimal calibration. The parameterisation over-estimated the importance of macropore flow at the site. As a consequence, the maximum concentration in drainflow (2.3 microg litre(-1)) and the total loading to drains (0.76 g) were over-estimated by factors of 2.4 and 5, respectively. MACRO was then used to simulate long-term fate of the herbicide for each of 20 environmental scenarios. Resulting estimates for concentrations of sulfosulfuron in a receiving ditch were weighted according to the prevalence of each scenario to produce a probability distribution of daily exposure.  相似文献   

The molecular biology of bovine immunodeficiency virus: a comparison with other lentiviruses     

St-Louis MC  Cojocariu M  Archambault D 《Animal health research reviews / Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases》2004,5(2):125-143

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Distribution of CCR3 mRNA expression in horse tissues     

Weston MC  Cunningham FM  Collins ME 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2006,114(3-4):238-246

CCL11 (also known as eotaxin) is a very potent and selective mediator of eosinophil migration which exerts its effects through its receptor, CCR3. In this study we report the cloning of an equine CCR3 cDNA sequence and investigation of the localization of CCR3 mRNA expression in horse tissues. Equine CCR3 displayed high levels of sequence identity with CCR3 sequences in other species. RT-PCR analysis revealed the expression of CCR3 in colon, lung and spleen of normal horses. In situ hybridisation experiments indicated that expression of CCR3 mRNA in colon was predominantly in eosinophils and to a lesser extent in mast cells, whereas CCR3 was seen mainly in lymphocytes of the lung and spleen. In view of the role of CCR3 in the recruitment of cells into sites of allergic inflammation, equine-specific CCR3 sequence data and information on tissue localization will be of potential benefit in the development of CCR3-targeted anti-inflammatory therapies in the horse.  相似文献   

Economics. Ready, steady, compete     

Villeval MC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6068):544-545

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Food sovereignty in US food movements: radical visions and neoliberal constraints     

Alison Hope Alkon  Teresa Marie Mares 《Agriculture and Human Values》2012,29(3):347-359

Although the concept of food sovereignty is rooted in International Peasant Movements across the global south, activists have recently called for the adoption of this framework among low-income communities of color in the urban United States. This paper investigates on-the-ground processes through which food sovereignty articulates with the work of food justice and community food security activists in Oakland, California, and Seattle, Washington. In Oakland, we analyze a farmers market that seeks to connect black farmers to low-income consumers. In Seattle, we attend to the experiences of displaced immigrant farmers from Latin America and their efforts to address their food needs following migration. In both cases, we find that US based projects were constrained by broader forces of neoliberalism that remained unrecognized by local activists. In Oakland, despite a desire to create a local food system led by marginalized African Americans, emphasis on providing green jobs in agriculture led activists to take a market-based approach that kept local food out of the economic grasp of food-insecure neighborhood residents. In Seattle, the marginalization of the immense agroecological knowledge of Latino/an immigrant farmers rendered local food projects less inclusive and capable of transformative change. Taken together, these very different cases suggest that a shift towards food sovereignty necessitates a broad acknowledgement of and resistance to neoliberalism.  相似文献   

A retrospective study of 29 cases of otitis media/interna in dairy calves     

Véronique Bernier Gosselin  David Francoz  Marie Babkine  André Desrochers  Sylvain Nichols  Elizabeth Doré  Christian Bédard  Joane Parent  Julie-Hélène Fairbrother  Gilles Fecteau 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2012,53(9):957-962

Epidemiological data, clinical findings, laboratory data, medical imaging, and outcomes were reviewed in 29 dairy calves with otitis media/interna. Age at admission ranged from 1 to 24 wk. The majority of calves were referred during winter. Clinical signs included drooping ear, ptosis, head tilt, abnormal nystagmus, strabismus, dysphagia, regurgitation, stiff neck, opisthotonos, facial hyperesthesia, and purulent aural discharge. Intranasal endoscopic examination of 5 animals revealed nasopharyngeal collapse in 4. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was abnormal in all of 7 cases. Mycoplasma bovis was cultured from all but 1 case with external ear or tympanic bullae samples (n = 12), and Mycoplasma arginini was cultured from the remaining ear sample. Radiographs of the tympanic bullae were performed in 24 calves, tomodensitometry (CT) in 3 calves and ultrasound in 4 calves. According to medical imaging techniques or necropsy, 69% of the cases were classified as chronic. Mean duration of treatment was 23.3 d. The rate of clinical recovery was 75%.  相似文献   

Prospective medical evaluation of 7 dogs presented with fly biting     

Diane Frank  Marie C. Bélanger  Véronique Bécuwe-Bonnet  Joane Parent 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2012,53(12):1279-1284

Fly biting describes a syndrome in which dogs appear to be watching something and then snapping at it. Medical work-up of fly biting in dogs has never been reported. The aims of this case series were to characterize fly biting and perform a complete medical evaluation of dogs displaying fly biting.  相似文献   

Assessing long term effects of compost fertilization on soil fertility and nitrogen mineralization rate     

Marie Reimer  Clara Kopp  Tobias Hartmann  Heidi Zimmermann  Reiner Ruser  Rudolf Schulz  Torsten Müller  Kurt Möller 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2023,186(2):217-233

Background

Fertilization with organic waste compost can close the nutrient cycles between urban and rural environments. However, its effect on yield and soil fertility must be investigated.

Aim

This study investigated the long-term effect of compost on soil nutrient and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) concentration, nutrient budgets, and nitrogen (N) mineralization and efficiency.

Methods

After 21 years of annual compost application (100/400 kg N ha^–1 year^–1 [100BC/400BC]) alone and combined with mineral fertilization, soil was analyzed for pH, organic carbon (SOC), nutrient (total N and P, N_min, extractable CAL-P, CAL-K, and Mg), and PTE (Cu, Ni, Zn) concentrations. Yields were recorded and nutrient/PTE budgets and apparent net mineralization (ANM, only 2019) were calculated.

Results

N efficiency was the highest in maize and for mineral fertilization. Compost application led to lower N efficiencies, but increased ANM, SOC, pH, and soil N, and surpluses of N, P, and all PTEs. Higher PTE concentrations were only found in 400BC for Cu. Nutrient budgets correlated with soil nutrient concentration. A surplus of 16.1 kg P ha^–1 year^–1 and 19.5 kg K ha^–1 year^–1 resulted in 1 mg kg^–1 increase in CAL-P and CAL-K over 21 years.

Conclusion

Compost application supplies nutrients to crops with a minor risk of soil-accumulation of PTEs. However, the nutrient stoichiometry provided by compost does not match crop offtakes causing imbalances. Synchronization of compost N mineralization and plant N demand does not match and limits the yield effect. In winter wheat only 65–70% of N mineralization occurred during the growth period.  相似文献   

IMAGING DIAGNOSIS–PULMONARY‐TRACHEOBRONCHIAL PROLAPSE IN A NEW CALEDONIAN GIANT GECKO (RHACODACTYLUS LEACHIANUS)     

Seamus Hoey  Dominique Keller  Tamara Chamberlin  Marie Pinkerton  Kenneth Waller  Randi Drees 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2013,54(6):630-633

A 3‐year‐old male New Caledonian giant gecko, or Leach's gecko (Rhacodactylus leachianus) presented with acute lethargy and coelomic distention. Findings from survey radiographs and an upper gastrointestinal tract contrast study were consistent with severe aerophagia, a collapsed left lung, and hyperinflation of the right lung due to suspected bronchial obstruction. The gecko was treated with conservative medical management, but was found dead 5 days after presentation. Necropsy findings showed intussusception of the proximal left lung into the left mainstem bronchus and trachea.  相似文献