Caroubin: A Gluten-like Protein Isolated from Carob Bean Germ     

Pierre Feillet  Thrse Marie Roulland 《Cereal Chemistry》1998,75(4):488-492

In 1935, Bienenstock and coworkers claimed the presence of gluten-like material in the germ of the carob seed. The viscoelastic properties of the water-insoluble proteins isolated from carob germ, which we propose to call caroubin, have been confirmed by dynamic (G′ and G″) and static rheological measurements (texture profile analysis, viscoelastogram). Biochemical analyses showed important similarities (high glutamic acid content, size-exclusion HPLC profile, PAGE patterns of reduced and unreduced proteins) as well as large differences (high arginine and low cysteine and proline content of caroubin, carbohydrate composition) between caroubin and wheat gluten. Besides potential new industrial uses of carob seed, caroubin could be a valuable material to help us understand the physicochemical basis of the viscoelastic properties of plant protein complexes like wheat gluten.  相似文献   

Intensive versus low-input cropping systems: What is the optimal partitioning of agricultural area in order to reduce pesticide use while maintaining productivity?   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Marie Gosme  Frédéric Suffert 《Agricultural Systems》2010,103(2):110-116

Pesticide use should be reduced for sustainable agriculture. Low-input cropping systems, centered on hardy varieties that maintain their yield in the presence of pests, allow pesticide use to be reduced. Since yield potential is generally lower for hardy varieties than for high-yielding varieties, a balance must be found between production and pesticide reduction. In order to compute the optimal partitioning of agricultural area between intensive and low-input cropping systems, we present a model that allows yield and gross margins to be computed at the landscape scale, as a function of the proportion of the area under intensive and low-input systems. The model shows that two cases must be distinguished, depending on inoculum production by each of the coexisting systems. If the low-input system produces less inoculum (e.g. because resistant varieties are used), coexistence can be optimal, whereas if the low-input system produces more inoculum (e.g. because tolerant varieties are used), it is best to devote the whole area to a single system. The model gives the gross margin for each cropping system as a function of the proportion of low-input systems - and so predicts the proportion to which the farmers’ choices will lead - and illustrates the use of different (simplified) policies that would ensure that the optimum proportion is reached.  相似文献   

Sublethal effects from endosulfan on parasitization by the parasitoid wasp Leptopilina boulardi and specificity of nervous pathways involved     

Jean‐Marie Delpuech 《Pest management science》2019,75(5):1411-1415

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Polymorphisms in cyanogenic glucoside and cyano‐amino acid content in natural accessions of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) and selection for improved agronomic performance     

Marwa Aouida  Fred Rook  Alexandra Bianca Maimann  Raquel Snchez‐Prez  Ghassen Abid  Marie Laure Fauconnier  Moez Jebara 《Plant Breeding》2019,138(3):348-359

Common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) is an important annual forage legume. It is used as a cover crop, green manure, pasture legume and for silage and hay production. Its seeds can be used as a source of highly digestible protein and minerals in animal diets. However, their utilization as a feedstuff for monogastric animals is hindered by the fact that the seeds contain cyanogenic antinutritional factors that reduce their palatability. An effective utilization of V. sativa seeds as a successful monogastric feed stuff requires selection for higher protein availability and minimization of the cyanogenic antinutritional factors content. In this study, we selected one natural accession named Mjez Ibeb, from a collection of 25 accessions and cultivars, based on its superior agronomic performance and its naturally occurring genetic variation for cyanogenic traits. We investigated the genetic variation that exists for the cyanogenesis trait in more detail and analysed the seeds of 133 lines derived from accession Mjez lbeb. Of these, 40 naturally polymorphic lines that showed deficiencies in cyanogenesis and cyano‐amino acid content, were subsequently selected for detailed chemical analysis. Cyanogenic glucosides and cyano‐amino acid concentrations varied widely in the 40 lines. Multivariate analysis was performed and three lines (L₁₆, L₂₁, L₁₈) with low content of cyanogenic compounds were identified.  相似文献   

Physical and chemical water requirements of the white‐clawed crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes) in western France     

Marie‐Cécile Trouilhé  Catherine Souty‐Grosset  Frédéric Grandjean  Bernard Parinet 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2007,17(5):520-538

• 1. In France, the distribution of the native white‐clawed crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes) is restricted, fragmented and mainly located in headwater streams. To conserve this indigenous species, it is necessary to characterize its habitat preferences.
• 2. Seven brooks in the Deux‐Sèvres Département (western France) containing wild populations of A. pallipes were studied to determine its ranges of tolerance to 19 physical and chemical water parameters. On two brooks, the Sèvre Nantaise and the Verdonnière, sites with and without A. pallipes were compared. Each site was sampled twice monthly from November 2002 to November 2004.
• 3. It was found that the white‐clawed crayfish was able to tolerate wide ranges of values of some of the measured parameters. The Magot site harboured the largest A. pallipes population (17.5 crayfish m^?2) and had dissolved oxygen concentrations as low as 4.93 mg L^?1, while water temperature rose above 20°C for several consecutive days during summer and nitrate concentrations were always found to be above 30 mg L^?1. These unusual findings could call into question the status of A. pallipes as a bioindicator of good water quality.
• 4. Principal component analyses (PCA) suggested that an increase of organic matter was a discriminant factor for the presence or absence of A. pallipes. In addition, sites with and without crayfish on the Sèvre Nantaise brook showed showed significant differences (p<0.05) in total organic carbon (TOC), and those on the Verdonnière brook in turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS).

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

法国园林发展的三个时代     

张德顺  孙力  MarieSimon 《上海交通大学学报(农业科学版)》2019,(4):85-88

几乎自然界中的所有土地都经过人类的加工与改造。露地或绿篱、森林或都市、海滨或山地等等都是经过200多世代的人类居民因自身发展需要改造的结果,这一改造的影响远远超过了自然更替、风土侵蚀和气候变化。目前的法国园林是文化历史漫长进化及其突变过程的结果。本文将法国园林的演变过程分为3个主要阶段:农民的时代,艺术家的时代,建筑师和工程师的时代。以此帮助了解法国一千多年来园林外观风貌和动态演替过程,分析各阶段园林的主要特点,为园林的未来与发展提供经验和方向。  相似文献   

Extrusion of Wheat Gluten Plasticized with Glycerol: Influence of Process Conditions on Flow Behavior,Rheological Properties,and Molecular Size Distribution     

Andreas Redl  Marie Hlne Morel  Joëlle Bonicel  Bruno Vergnes  Stephane Guilbert 《Cereal Chemistry》1999,76(3):361-370

Gluten-glycerol dough was extruded under a variety of processing conditions using a corotating self-wiping twin-screw extruder. Influence of feed rate, screw speed, and barrel temperature on processing parameters (die pressure, product temperature, residence time, specific energy) were examined. Use of flow modeling was successful for describing the evolution of the main flow parameters during processing. Rheological properties of extruded samples exhibited network-like behavior and were characterized and modeled by Cole-Cole distributions. Changes in molecular sizes of proteins during extrusion were measured by chromatography and appeared to be correlated to molecular size between network strands, as derived from the rheological properties of the materials obtained. Depending on operating conditions, extrudates presented very different surface aspects, ranging from very smooth-surfaced extrudates with high swell to completely broken extrudates. The results indicated that extrudate breakup was caused by increasing network density, and some gliadins may have acted as cross-linking agents. Increasing network density resulted in decreasing mobility of polymeric chains, and “protein melt” may no longer have been able to support the strain experienced during extrusion through the die. Increasing network density was reflected in increased plateau modulus and molecular size of protein aggregates. Increasing network structure appeared to be induced by the severity of the thermomechanical treatment, as indicated by specific mechanical energy input and maximum temperature reached.  相似文献   

Temperature and soil moisture change microbial allocation of pesticide-derived carbon     

Johannes Wirsching  Luciana Chavez Rodriguez  Franziska Ditterich  Holger Pagel  Rushan He  Marie Uksa  Christian Zwiener  Ellen Kandeler  Christian Poll 《European Journal of Soil Science》2023,74(5):e13417

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Quantification of Common Wheat Adulteration of Durum Wheat Pasta Using Real‐Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)     

Rmi Alary  Arnaud Serin  Marie‐Pierre Duviau  Philippe Jourdrier  Marie‐Franoise Gautier 《Cereal Chemistry》2002,79(4):553-558

Common wheat adulteration of durum wheat pasta was quantified using real‐time duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The total DNA content of pasta was determined by amplifying part of a wheat gene encoding a lipid transfer protein, and common wheat DNA was quantified by amplifying part of the puroindoline‐b gene. Under the conditions defined by this study, for pasta with a theoretical adulteration of 3%, the experimentally determined mean value was 2.6–3.4%, depending on drying temperature. Pure durum wheat pastas were distinguished from adulterated pastas without ambiguity. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using real‐time duplex PCR to quantify common wheat adulteration of pasta dried at high temperature, quantification that was impossible with the French official peroxidase‐marker method.  相似文献   

Correction to: Associated effects of shading on the behavior,growth, and survival of Stichopus cf. horrens juveniles     

Rioja  Rose Angeli  Palomar-Abesamis  Nadia  Juinio-Meñez  Marie Antonette 《Aquaculture International》2022,30(2):1087-1088

Aquaculture International -  相似文献