Dietary patterns and dietary makeovers     

Tseng M 《Public health nutrition》2004,7(4):473-474

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A rapid spectrofluorometric screening method for enrofloxacin in chicken muscle     

Chen G  Schneider MJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(11):3249-3253

A simple spectrofluorometric method was developed for screening enrofloxacin (ENRO) in chicken muscle. A single-step extraction with acidic acetonitrile gave the best results without further cleanup. Following centrifugation the supernatants were excited at 324 nm and the emission was measured at 442 nm. Using this procedure, 18 chicken breast samples from 3 producers were tested. The results showed background signal levels significantly lower than those corresponding to 300 microg/kg ENRO, the FDA approved tolerance level. Statistical treatment of these data established a threshold which can be used in subsequent screening of ENRO at the tolerance level. The calibration curve revealed a satisfactory linear relationship (R(2) = 0.9991) in a range of 0-700 microg/kg ENRO in fortified chicken breast. ENRO-incurred samples were examined using this approach, and the results agreed with those obtained from more extensive separation followed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Because the threshold can be set at the 3 sigma limit, reliable screening can be accomplished with an error rate of less than 0.26%. Based on this investigation, a high-throughput screening method for ENRO in chicken tissue is proposed.  相似文献   

Rapid fluorescence screening assay for enrofloxacin and tetracyclines in chicken muscle     

Schneider MJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(26):7809-7813

A simple, rapid fluorescence assay was developed for screening both enrofloxacin (ENRO) and tetracyclines in chicken muscle at the U.S. tolerance levels (300 ng/g and 2 microg/g, respectively). Screening for both classes of antibiotics is accomplished using one extraction, thus simplifying and expediting the process. The method requires an initial extraction of chicken muscle with 1% acetic acid in acetonitrile, centrifugation, and analysis of the supernatant for ENRO fluorescence. After addition of ammonium hydroxide, magnesium chloride, and methanol, followed by centrifugation and filtration, the supernatant can be measured for tetracycline fluorescence. Chlortetracycline (CTC) was chosen as a representative tetracycline to demonstrate the method, as it displays intermediate sensitivity among the three tetracyclines approved in the U.S. Comparison of the fluorescence of control and tolerance-level-fortified samples of both ENRO and CTC shows no overlap. Setting a threshold as the average fortified fluorescence minus 3sigma allows for successful screening, as illustrated with blind samples as controls or fortified with ENRO and/or CTC over a range of concentrations. This method can provide an alternative or supplemental approach to currently used microbial screening assays.  相似文献   

Significance of pH values for the assessment of sperm quality and sexual activity as well as for achievement of good fertilization results. 1. pH value in ram ejaculates, its variability and its significance for the assessment of sperm quality     

H Menger 《Archiv fuer experimentelle veterinaermedizin》1984,38(6):832-839

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Pathomorphological changes in the skeletal muscles (musculus longissimus dorsi) in swine following varied transport stresses and resting periods prior to slaughter     

U Johannsen  S Menger  H Prange  G Kunz 《Archiv fuer experimentelle veterinaermedizin》1979,33(2):263-279

The M. longissimus dorsi of 171 pigs were histologically examined for pathological signs. Acute hyaline-plaque degenerations and necrosis (hsD/N) in various degrees of manifestation were recorded from 42.7 and hyaline transverse ligaments (hQb) from 22.8 per cent of all cases. The occurrence of hsD/N following container transport was lower with significance (33.3 per cent) than that following lorry transport (50.5 per cent). The form of transport failed to have any substantive effect on the occurrence of hQb, the figures being 20.5 per cent for container and 24.7 per cent for lorry. Short resting periods, between 0.5 and 1.2 hours, were followed with significantly higher occurrence of hsD/N, as compared to longer resting periods, between five and eight or 23 hours. These pathological findings were not further reduced by extending the resting period from something between five and eight to 20 hours. The pathological hsD/N and hQb findings were recordable from both PSE pork (hsD/N = 51.4 per cent, hQb = 25.7 per cent) and from pork without any quality shortcomings (hsD/N = 39.7 per cent, hQb = 22.1 per cent), but the number of hsD/N cases in the context of PSE pork tended to be higher than that in high-quality pork. No sex dependence was established. The results are discussed under the aspect of aetiopathogenesis of stress-borne myopathy.  相似文献   

Group G streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome in three cats     

Taillefer M  Dunn M 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2004,40(5):418-422

Three 8-week-old kittens were presented with a history of acute, generalized weakness and severe fever. One cat was dead upon presentation, and necropsy findings were supportive of a group G Streptococcus spp. septicemia. During their clinical courses, two of the three kittens developed a progressive, marked swelling of one or more limbs. One moribund and severely hypothermic cat was euthanized a few hours after presentation, and necropsy was also supportive of a group G Streptococcus spp. septicemia. One kitten recovered. Group G streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome was suspected because of the fulminant progression of the septicemia.  相似文献   

Color stability, reducing activity, and cytochrome c oxidase activity of five bovine muscles     

Seyfert M  Mancini RA  Hunt MC  Tang J  Faustman C  Garcia M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(23):8919-8925

The objective was to characterize the beef psoas major (PM), longissimus lumborum (LL), superficial semimembranosus (SSM), deep semimembranosus (DSM), and semitendinosus (ST) muscles for differences in instrumental and visual color, metmyoglobin-reducing activity (MRA), total reducing activity (TRA), and cytochrome c oxidase activity. The LL and ST had the most color stability and MRA (p < 0.05), the DSM and PM had the least (p < 0.05), and values for the SSM were intermediate. Visual color (r = -0.66) and a and chroma (r = 0.68) were more correlated with MRA than with TRA (r < 0.14 for all measures). This research supports previous reports that color stability among muscles is variable and that MRA is more useful than TRA for explaining the role of reducing activity in muscle-color stability.  相似文献   

The Drought Calculator: Decision Support Tool for Predicting Forage Growth During Drought     

Gale H. Dunn  Megan Gutwein  Timothy R. Green  Ashley Menger  Jeff Printz 《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2013,66(5):570-578

The Drought Calculator (DC), a spreadsheet-based decision support tool, was developed to help ranchers and range managers predict reductions in forage production due to drought. Forage growth potential (FGP), the fraction of historical average production, is predicted as a weighted average of monthly precipitation from January through June. We calibrated and evaluated the DC tool in the Great Plains of the United States, using FGP and precipitation data from Colorado (CO), North Dakota (ND), and Wyoming (WY). In CO, FGP was most sensitive to precipitation in April and May, in ND to precipitation in April and June, and in WY to precipitation in April, May, and June. Weights in these months ranged from 0.16 to 0.52. Prediction was better for CO and WY than for ND. When January–June precipitation was used, the tool correctly predicted 83% of the years with FGP reduced by drought for CO, 82% for WY, and only 67% for ND. Positive values of the True Skill Statistic (0.53 for CO, 0.42 for WY, and 0.17 for ND) indicate that FGP was classified as above or below average better than random selection. Predicting FGP earlier than April in CO and WY will require accurate forecasts of April–June precipitation. Use of the DC is most limited by insufficient forage data to determine the site-specific relationships between FGP and monthly precipitation. Even so, the decision tool is useful for discriminating drought effects on FGP classification being above or below the long-term average, and it provides a quantitative prediction to producers for their destocking decisions in drought years.  相似文献   

Evaluation of coagulation markers in the plasma of healthy cats and cats with asymptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy     

Bédard C  Lanevschi-Pietersma A  Dunn M 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2007,36(2):167-172

BACKGROUND: Thrombosis and arterial thromboembolism are frequent complications of feline cardiomyopathy, especially when associated with left atrial enlargement. Markers of activated coagulation may be used to evaluate the coagulation status of cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in relation to left atrial size. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to compare plasma concentrations of thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), D-dimer, and fibrin degradation products (FDP) between clinically healthy cats and cats with HCM. Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and antithrombin activity were also compared and the association between left atrial (LA) size and coagulation results in cats with HCM was evaluated. METHODS: Blood samples from 19 clinically healthy cats and 20 cats with HCM were obtained. All cats with HCM were asymptomatic and had no signs of heart failure. LA diameter and LA to proximal aortic (Ao) diameter ratio (LA:Ao) were determined by echocardiography. RESULTS: Reference intervals for D-dimer and TAT concentrations in plasma of healthy cats were established as 0.09-0.32 microg/mL and 2.0-20.0 microg/L, respectively. TAT, D-dimer, and FDP concentrations were increased in 5, 3, and 2 cats with HCM, respectively. TAT and D-dimer concentrations, and PT and aPTT were not significantly different between groups. Antithrombin activity was significantly decreased in cats with HCM (P=.03) despite marked range overlap. LA and LA:Ao were not correlated with coagulation results. CONCLUSIONS: Laboratory evidence of hypercoagulability was found in 45% of cats with HCM. Left atrial size was not associated with laboratory evidence of hypercoagulability. Association between coagulation markers and risk of thrombosis has yet to be evaluated in cats with HCM.  相似文献   

New techniques for breeding maize (Zea mays) varieties with fall armyworm resistance and market-preferred traits for sub-Saharan Africa     

Prince M. Matova  Casper N. Kamutando  Marilyn L. Warburton  W. Paul Williams  Cosmos Magorokosho  Hussein Shimelis  Maryke Labuschagne  Roger Day  Manje Gowda 《Plant Breeding》2023,142(1):1-11

Deploying maize varieties with fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda [J.E. Smith]; FAW) resistance, desirable product profiles (PPs) and climate resilience is fundamental for food and economic security in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This study reviewed and identified challenges and opportunities for effective and accelerated breeding of demand-led maize hybrids with FAW resistance and adaptation to the diverse agro-ecologies of SSA. Lessons were drawn on improving breeding efficiency through adequate genetic variation delivered via prebreeding programmes, speed breeding and a reduced breeding stage plan. Appropriate PPs aligned with demand-led breeding approaches were highlighted as foundations for variety design and commercialization. Challenges to accelerated FAW resistance breeding in maize included inadequate funds and modern tools; poor adaptation of some exotic donor parental lines; lack of information on FAW resistance among local varieties; lack of integration of molecular markers associated with FAW resistance and agronomic traits into selection plans; and limited infrastructure for FAW rearing and germplasm screening. Integration of modern breeding tools and scientific innovations were recommended for accelerated development and release of FAW resistant and market-preferred maize varieties.  相似文献