Improvement of Chia Seeds with Antioxidant Activity,GABA, Essential Amino Acids,and Dietary Fiber by Controlled Germination Bioprocess     

Mario Armando Gómez-Favela  Roberto Gutiérrez-Dorado  Edith Oliva Cuevas-Rodríguez  Vicente Adrián Canizalez-Román  Claudia del Rosario León-Sicairos  Jorge Milán-Carrillo  Cuauhtémoc Reyes-Moreno 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2017,72(4):345-352

Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) plant is native from southern Mexico and northern Guatemala. Their seeds are a rich source of bioactive compounds which protect consumers against chronic diseases. Germination improves functionality of the seeds due to the increase in the bioactive compounds and associated antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study was to obtain functional flour from germinated chia seeds under optimized conditions with increased antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds, GABA, essential amino acids, and dietary fiber with respect to un-germinated chia seeds. The effect of germination temperature and time (GT = 20–35 °C, Gt = 10–300 h) on protein, lipid, and total phenolic contents (PC, LC, TPC, respectively), and antioxidant activity (AoxA) was analyzed by response surface methodology as optimization tool. Chia seeds were germinated inside plastic trays with absorbent paper moisturized with 50 mL of 100 ppm sodium hypochlorite dissolution. The sprouts were dried (50 °C/8 h) and ground to obtain germinated chia flours (GCF). The prediction models developed for PC, LC, TPC, and AoxA showed high coefficients of determination, demonstrating their adequacy to explain the variations in experimental data. The highest values of PC, LC, TPC, and AoxA were obtained at two different optimal conditions (GT = 21 °C/Gt = 157 h; GT = 33 °C/Gt = 126 h). Optimized germinated chia flours (OGCF) had higher PC, TPC, AoxA, GABA, essential amino acids, calculated protein efficiency ratio (C-PER), and total dietary fiber (TDF) than un-germinated chia seed flour. The OGCF could be utilized as a natural source of proteins, dietary fiber, GABA, and antioxidants in the development of new functional beverages and foods.  相似文献   

Susceptibility of eucalypt taxa to a natural infestation by Leptocybe invasa     

da Silva  Paulo Henrique Müller  Junqueira  Luis Renato  de Araujo  Marcio José  Wilcken  Carlos Frederico  Moraes  Mario Luiz Teixeira  de Paula  Rinaldo Cesar 《New Forests》2020,51(5):753-763

New Forests - Recently, pest occurrence in forest plantations has been increasing influenced by genotypes and environmental conditions such as climate change, thus impacting production negatively....  相似文献   

DRIS and geostatistics indices for nutritional diagnosis and enhanced yield of fertirrigated acai palm     

Felipe Oliveira Ribeiro  Antônio Rodrigues Fernandes  Gilson Sérgio Bastos de Matos  Marcelo Morita Lindolfo  Cássio Rafael Costa dos Santos 《Journal of plant nutrition》2020,43(12):1875-1886

Abstract

Information about Açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) nutrition, that gives support for yield increase is sparse. The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status of fertigated Açaí palm by the Index called Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS), as well as the spatial variability of this Index and its productivity. We achieved a sampling of 80 geo-referenced points in an Açaí palm commercial crop area. Then we assessed the yield and contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn. The DRIS evaluation indicated that the frequency of nutrients in suitable status was N?>?S?>?Zn?>?B>Fe?>?K>Ca?>?Mg?>?P>Mn?>?Cu, in deficiency was Mn?>?Ca >?B>Cu?>?Mg?>?Fe?>?K?>?P?>?S>Zn?>?N, and in excess was P?>?Cu?>?Mg?> K?>?N?=?Zn?>?Fe?>?Ca?>?S?=?B?>?Mn. The nutrients N and S were well balanced, whereas Mn, Ca and B were the nutrients with the highest frequency of deficiency. The sampling points were close enough to detect the spatial variability of DRIS Index. Thus, it was possible to observe the patterns for the nutritional deficiencies, occurring at the final part of the irrigation, as well as the variability of the Açaí palm yield. The spatial variability of the DRIS Index was efficient to indicate the points in which fittings in the fertilization doses are required.  相似文献   

Zinc–nitrogen interaction effect on wheat biofortification and nutrient use efficiency     

Mnica Montoya  Antonio Vallejo  Jaime Recio  Guillermo Guardia  Jose Manuel Alvarez 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2020,183(2):169-179

Background : The enhancement of zinc (Zn) concentration in cereal crops without compromising yield is a global challenge with crucial health and food security implications. Aims : To achieve Zn biofortification in wheat through the appropriate management of fertilization with both Zn and nitrogen (N), due to the synergistic effect between them, using natural organic sources of Zn. Methods : We carried out a field experiment using a rainfed winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop fertilized with four Zn sources (Zn‐sulphate, Zn‐lignosulphonate, Zn‐amino acids and Zn‐gluconate) and three N application rates under semi‐arid conditions. Results : The strategy of increasing the N rate by 50% with respect to the recommended N rate (i.e., 120 kg N ha^?1) did not improve either wheat yield or grain Zn‐N concentration. The combined effect of applying natural organic Zn complexes and the recommended N rate tended to increase grain Zn concentrations (by an average of 14%), although this increase was significantly higher when Zn‐sulphate was applied (63%) due to its higher recommended Zn application rate. Natural organic Zn fertilizers achieved the highest grain yields, probably due to the enhancement of N uptake. The natural organic Zn fertilizers resulted in higher Zn utilization efficiency compared with the Zn‐sulphate fertilizer. Conclusions : In calcareous Zn‐deficient soils, our results suggest that Zn–N co‐fertilization involving Zn‐sulphate combined with the recommended N application rate would be advisable for obtaining grain Zn biofortification, while the highest yields can be obtained with the application of natural organic Zn fertilizers.  相似文献   

Toxicity of imidacloprid to the earthworm Eisenia andrei and collembolan Folsomia candida in three contrasting tropical soils     

Bandeira  Felipe Ogliari  Alves  Paulo Roger Lopes  Hennig  Thuanne Bráulio  Schiehl  Aline  Cardoso  Elke Jurandy Bran Nogueira  Baretta  Dilmar 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2020,20(4):1997-2007

Purpose

Imidacloprid is a widely used seed dressing insecticide in Brazil. However, the effects of this pesticide on non-target organisms such as soil fauna still present some knowledge gaps in tropical soils. This study aimed to assess the toxicity and risk of imidacloprid to earthworms Eisenia andrei and collembolans Folsomia candida in three contrasting Brazilian tropical soils.

Materials and methods

Acute and chronic toxicity assays were performed in the laboratory with both species in a tropical artificial soil (TAS) and in two natural soils (Oxisol and Entisol), at room temperature of 25 °C. The ecological risk was calculated for each species and soil by using the toxicity exposure ratio (TER) and hazard quotient (HQ) approaches.

Results and discussion

Acute toxicity for collembolans and earthworms was higher in Entisol (LC₅₀?=?4.68 and 0.55 mg kg^?1, respectively) when compared with TAS (LC₅₀?=?10.8 and 9.18 mg kg^?1, respectively) and Oxisol (LC_{50collembolans}?=?25.1 mg kg^?1). Chronic toxicity for collembolans was similar in TAS and Oxisol (EC_{50 TAS}?=?0.80 mg kg^?1; EC_{50 OXISOL}?=?0.83 mg kg^?1), whereas higher toxicity was observed in Entisol (EC₅₀?=?0.09 mg kg^?1). In chronic assays with earthworms, imidacloprid was also more toxic in Entisol (EC₅₀?=?0.21 mg kg^?1) when compared to TAS (EC₅₀?=?1.89 mg kg^?1). TER and HQ values indicated a significant risk of exposure of the species to imidacloprid in all soils tested, and the risk in Entisol was at least six times higher than in Oxisol or TAS.

Conclusions

The toxicity and risk of imidacloprid varied significantly between tropical soils, being the species exposure to this pesticide particularly hazardous in very sandy natural soils such as Entisol.

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Interaction of Thalassia testudinum Metabolites with Cytochrome P450 Enzymes and Its Effects on Benzo(a)pyrene-Induced Mutagenicity     

Livan Delgado-Roche  Rebeca Santes-Palacios  Jos A. Herrera  Sandra L. Hernndez  Mario Riera  Miguel D. Fernndez  Fernando Mesta  Gabino Garrido  Idania Rodeiro  Jesús Javier Espinosa-Aguirre 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)

The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effects of Thalassia testudinum hydroethanolic extract, its polyphenolic fraction and thalassiolin B on the activity of phase I metabolizing enzymes as well as their antimutagenic effects. Spectrofluorometric techniques were used to evaluate the effect of tested products on rat and human CYP1A and CYP2B activity. The antimutagenic effect of tested products was evaluated in benzo[a]pyrene (BP)-induced mutagenicity assay by an Ames test. Finally, the antimutagenic effect of Thalassia testudinum (100 mg/kg) was assessed in BP-induced mutagenesis in mice. The tested products significantly (p < 0.05) inhibit rat CYP1A1 activity, acting as mixed-type inhibitors of rat CYP1A1 (Ki = 54.16 ± 9.09 μg/mL, 5.96 ± 1.55 μg/mL and 3.05 ± 0.89 μg/mL, respectively). Inhibition of human CYP1A1 was also observed (Ki = 197.1 ± 63.40 μg/mL and 203.10 ± 17.29 μg/mL for the polyphenolic fraction and for thalassiolin B, respectively). In addition, the evaluated products significantly inhibit (p < 0.05) BP-induced mutagenicity in vitro. Furthermore, oral doses of Thalassia testudinum (100 mg/kg) significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the BP-induced micronuclei and oxidative damage, together with an increase of reduced glutathione, in mice. In summary, Thalassia testudinum metabolites exhibit antigenotoxic activity mediated, at least, by the inhibition of CYP1A1-mediated BP biotransformation, arresting the oxidative and mutagenic damage. Thus, the metabolites of T. testudinum may represent a potential source of chemopreventive compounds for the adjuvant therapy of cancer.  相似文献   

Correlations and variance among species traits explain contrasting impacts of fragmentation and habitat loss on functional diversity     

Suárez-Castro  Andrés Felipe  Mayfield  Margaret M.  Mitchell  Matthew G. E.  Cattarino  Lorenzo  Maron  Martine  Rhodes  Jonathan R. 《Landscape Ecology》2020,35(10):2239-2253

Landscape Ecology - Understanding how landscape fragmentation affects functional diversity, defined as the distribution of functional traits in an assemblage, is critical for managing landscapes...  相似文献   

Current and future spatial assessment of biological control as a mechanism to reduce economic losses and carbon emissions: the case of Solanum sisymbriifolium in Africa     

Alberto J Alaniz  Ignacio Núez‐Hidalgo  Mario A Carvajal  Thiago M Alvarenga  Paulina Gmez‐Cantillana  Pablo M Vergara 《Pest management science》2020,76(7):2395-2405

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Reproductive compatibility studies between wild and cultivated strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa) to obtain “bridge species” for breeding programmes     

Ana Catalina Luque  Mario Alberto Debes  María Francisca Perera  Atilio Pedro Castagnaro  Marta Eugenia Arias 《Plant Breeding》2019,138(2):229-238

The Fragaria genus has become relevant due to worldwide economic importance of the octoploid hybrid F. × ananassa. Interspecific hybridizations are widely employed in breeding programmes to introduce useful characteristics from wild species to cultivated varieties, although many reproductive barriers prevent gene flow between species. Hybrid genotypes that can act as a bridge between related wild species and cultivated strawberry could be useful to overcome those barriers. The aim of this work was to obtain interspecific hybrids of Fragaria and to analyse possible reproductive barriers. In the Banco de Germoplasma de Frutilla‐UNT, crossings were carried out among wild species of Fragaria with different ploidy levels and cultivated strawberry. To confirm hybrid condition of genotypes obtained, histological techniques and microsatellite markers were used. When wild species were crossed with cultivated strawberry in both directions, there was low production of achenes, while in crosses between wild species of Fragaria genus, achene production was very high. The percentage of germination of achenes was high when crossed species had the same ploidy level, and very low or null when they presented different ploidy levels. Although pre‐zygotic incompatibility associated to the degree of domestication and postzygotic barriers related to different ploidy levels of the progenitors were detected, new hybrid genotypes of Fragaria were obtained. These new hybrids could be used as “bridge species” in breeding programmes, since preliminary results showed no incompatibility barriers when they were crossed with Duchesnea indica.  相似文献   

Population genetic structure and demographic history of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): implications for insect resistance management programs     

Osmar Arias  Erick Cordeiro  Alberto S Corrêa  Felipe A Domingues  Aline S Guidolin  Celso Omoto 《Pest management science》2019,75(11):2948-2957

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