Polyphenol oxidase,alpha-amylase and beta-amylase activities of Triticum monococcum, Triticum turgidum and Triticum aestivum: A two-year study     

Alyssa Hidalgo  Marta Brusco  Luca Plizzari  Andrea Brandolini 《Journal of Cereal Science》2013

Enzymatic activity often reduces the nutritional value of wheat flour during food manufacturing, causing compound degradation and/or heat damage. The choice of wheat varieties with low enzymatic activity could therefore help to preserve the nutritional quality of food. The aim of this research was to evaluate polyphenol oxidase, alpha-amylase and beta-amylase activities in whole meal flours of 59 accessions belonging to different wheat species and subspecies, cropped in two years. The extraction pH (7.0), reaction pH (5.5) and reaction temperature (45 °C) were determined by preliminary trials. The ANOVA highlighted significant differences for all enzymes among species/subspecies and, for amylases, between cropping years; however, the year influence was overwhelming only for alpha-amylase. Einkorn showed the highest polyphenol oxidase (362.1 ± 9.46 U/g DM) as well as the lowest alpha-amylase (0.20 ± 0.006 CU/g DM) and beta-amylase (12.0 ± 0.36 B3U/g DM) activities. The embryo/scutellum had the highest polyphenol oxidase and alpha-amylase values, followed by the bran and the endosperm; in contrast, beta-amylase was evenly distributed in the bran and the endosperm, and was absent in the embryo/scutellum.  相似文献   

Benign intraocular teratoid medulloepithelioma causing glaucoma in an 11‐year‐old Arabian mare     

Marta Leiva  Fiorenza Felici  Andrea Carvalho  Antonio Ramis  Teresa Peña 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2013,16(4):297-302

  相似文献   

Effects of altering the sequence of midazolam and propofol during co‐induction of anaesthesia     

Andrea Sánchez  Eliseo Belda  Mayte Escobar  Amalia Agut  Marta Soler  Francisco G Laredo 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2013,40(4):359-366

ObjectiveTo assess the effects of varying the sequence of midazolam and propofol administration on the quality of induction, cardiorespiratory parameters and propofol requirements in dogs.Study designRandomized, controlled, clinical study.AnimalsThirty‐three client owned dogs (ASA I‐III, 0.5–10 years, 5–30 kg).MethodsDogs were premedicated with acepromazine (0.02 mg kg^?1) and morphine (0.4 mg kg^?1) intramuscularly. After 30 minutes, group midazolam‐propofol (MP) received midazolam (0.25 mg kg^?1) intravenously (IV) before propofol (1 mg kg^?1) IV, group propofol‐midazolam (PM) received propofol before midazolam IV at the same doses, and control group (CP) received saline IV, instead of midazolam, before propofol. Supplementary boluses of propofol (0.5 mg kg^?1) were administered to effect to all groups until orotracheal intubation was completed. Behaviour after midazolam administration, quality of sedation and induction, and ease of intubation were scored. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate, and systolic arterial blood pressure were recorded before premedication, post‐premedication, after midazolam or saline administration, and at 0, 2, 5, and 10 minutes post‐intubation. End‐tidal CO₂ and arterial oxygen haemoglobin saturation were recorded at 2, 5 and 10 minutes post‐intubation.ResultsQuality of sedation and induction, and ease of intubation were similar in all groups. Incidence of excitement was higher in the MP compared to CP (p = 0.014) and PM (p = 0.026) groups. Propofol requirements were decreased in MP and PM groups with respect to CP (p < 0.001), and in PM compared to MP (p = 0.022). The HR decreased after premedication in all groups, and increased after midazolam and subsequent times in MP (p = 0.019) and PM (p = 0.001) groups. Incidence of apnoea and paddling was higher in CP (p = 0.005) and MP (p = 0.031) groups than in PM.Conclusions and clinical relevanceAdministration of midazolam before propofol reduced propofol requirements although caused mild excitement in some dogs. Administration of propofol before midazolam resulted in less excitatory phenomena and greater reduction of propofol requirements.  相似文献   

Development of cork oak (Quercus suber L.) seedlings in response to tree shelters and mulching in northwestern Tunisia     

Taher Mechergui  Marta Pardos  Naceur Boussaidi  Brahim Hasnaoui  Douglass F. Jacobs 《林业研究》2013,24(2):193-204

The need for reforestation in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) areas is challenged by difficulties. Principal among these is herbivory of young plants, vegetative competition, and slow growth rates of cork oak seedlings. We evaluated the early development of cork oak seedlings treated using tree shelters and mulching in northwestern Tunisia. We tested three tree shelter treatments (non-vented, vented, and control) to shield seedlings from animal damage and five mulch types to control competing vegetation (Italian Stone Pine, Lentisk, combination of Italian Stone Pine and Lentisk (organic mulches), gravel (inorganic mulch) and no mulch). At the end of the two-year experiment, sheltered seedlings were 89-99% taller than unshelteredseedlings and had higher numbers and lengths of shoot growth flushes. In contrast, both stem diameter growth and dry weight biomass (from samples extracted after two years) were significantly reduced inside tree shelters. Root-to-shoot ratio was not significantly different in sheltered vs. unsheltered seedlings, suggesting that tree shelters do not adversely affect this parameter. Mulching alone did not favour growth, but could be beneficial when combined with tree shelters. The combination of vented tree shelters and gravel mulch was the most effective treatment for promoting diameter, height and stem volume growth.  相似文献   

Effect of Age and Prostheses Location on Rima Glottidis Area in Equine Cadaveric Larynges     

Andrea S. Bischofberger Dr Med Vet  Ines Hadidane Med Vet  Marta M. Wereszka BVSc Dip ACVS  Nigel R. Perkins BVSc  PhD  Dip ACT  Leo B. Jeffcott BVetMed  PhD  FRCVS  Andrew J. Dart BVSc  PhD  Diplomate ACVS & ECVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2013,42(3):286-290

  相似文献   

Follicular degeneration in the ovaries of goats experimentally infected with Trypanosoma vivax from the Brazilian semi-arid region     

Carla M.F. Rodrigues  Roberio G. Olinda  Taciana M.F. Silva  Rodolfo G. Vale  Anderson E. da Silva  Gabriela L. Lima  Herakles A. Garcia  Marta M.G. Teixeira  Jael S. Batista 《Veterinary parasitology》2013,191(1-2):146-153

Infection by Trypanosoma vivax and other African trypanosomes plays an important role in reproductive disorders in male and female livestock. Outbreaks of T. vivax in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil are characterized by wasting disease in cattle, sheep and goats with hematological, cardiac and nervous compromises in addition to reproductive failures. Similar to reports from Africa, we previously observed a reduction in fertility rates and severe testicular degeneration and epididymitis in male sheep infected with T. vivax from this region. Although anestrus is frequently reported in goats and sheep infected with T. vivax, the effects of this infection on the female reproductive organs need clarification. In this study, we addressed this issue through a histopathological evaluation of ovarian follicular morphology and classification in goats experimentally infected with a T. vivax isolate from the Brazilian semi-arid region. The infected animals presented typical clinical signs of trypanosomosis by T. vivax, including anemia, hyperthermia, pallor of the mucous membranes, enlarged lymph nodes, and progressive loss of weight. All the infected goats remained anestrus throughout the experimental period and exhibited important disturbances in the ovaries, evidenced by reduced size and a smooth surface without follicles or corpora lutea, and abnormal follicular development. In addition, through PCR, we detected T. vivax DNA in the ovarian tissues of the infected goats. Our findings contributed to understand the female reproductive failure associated with trypanosomosis caused by T. vivax.  相似文献   

Increased Inflammatory Mediators in Horses Naturally Infected with Trypanosoma vivax. A Preliminary Study     

Aleksandro S. Da Silva  Marta M.M.F. Duarte  Guilherme V. Bochi  Rafael N. Moresco  Lenita Moura Stefani  Silvia G. Monteiro 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2013

The aim of this study was to measure the levels of inflammatory mediators in serum from horses naturally infected with Trypanosoma vivax. Banked serum samples collected during a previously reported T. vivax natural infection were used to analyze proinflammatory cytokines such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and nitrite/nitrate (NO_x) levels. We evaluated 12 serum samples from horses from a farm in southern Brazil, four of which had parasitological and molecular diagnoses for T. vivax and presented with clinical signs of disease. Cytokines were assessed by quantitative sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and NO_x was measured using the modified Griess method. Levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, and NO_x were increased in serum of infected animals compared to that in noninfected animals. Therefore, infection with T. vivax caused an increase in proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide content.  相似文献   

“Head-to-Side-Chain” Cyclodepsipeptides of Marine Origin     

Marta Pelay-Gimeno  Judit Tulla-Puche  Fernando Albericio 《Marine drugs》2013,11(5):1693-1717

Since the late 1980s, a large number of depsipeptides that contain a new topography, referred to as “head-to-side-chain” cyclodepsipeptides, have been isolated and characterized. These peptides present a unique structural arrangement that comprises a macrocyclic region closed through an ester bond between the C-terminus and a β-hydroxyl group, and terminated with a polyketide moiety or a more simple branched aliphatic acid. This structural pattern, the presence of unique and complex residues, and relevant bioactivity are the main features shared by all the members of this new class of depsipeptides, which are reviewed herein.  相似文献   

Pathogenesis of reproductive failure induced by Trypanosoma vivax in experimentally infected pregnant ewes     

Taciana MF Silva  Roberio G Olinda  Carla MF Rodrigues  Ant?nio CL Camara  Francisco C Lopes  Wesley AC Coelho  Múcio FB Ribeiro  Carlos IA Freitas  Marta MG Teixeira  Jael S Batista 《Veterinary research》2013,44(1):1

The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of experimental infection by Trypanosoma vivax in different stages of pregnancy, determining the pathogenesis of reproductive failure, and confirming transplacental transmission. We used 12 pregnant ewes distributed into four experimental groups: G1, was formed by three ewes infected with T. vivax in the first third of pregnancy (30 days); G2 comprised three infected ewes in the final third of pregnancy (100 days); G3 and G4 were composed of three non-infected ewes with the same gestational period, respectively. Each ewe of G1 and G2 was inoculated with 1.25 × 10⁵ tripomastigotes. Clinical examination, determination of parasitemia, serum biochemistry (albumin, total protein, glucose, cholesterol, and urea), packed cell volume (PCV), serum progesterone, and pathological examination were performed. Placenta, amniotic fluid, blood and tissues from the fetuses and stillbirths were submitted to PCR. Two ewes of G1 (Ewe 1 and 3) presented severe infection and died in the 34^th and 35^th days post-infection (dpi), respectively; but both fetuses were recovered during necropsy. In G2, Ewe 5 aborted two fetuses on the 130^th day (30 dpi) of pregnancy; and Ewe 6 aborted one fetus in the 140^th day (40 dpi) of gestation. Ewes 2 and 4 delivered two weak lambs that died five days after birth. Factors possibly involved with the reproductive failure included high parasitemia, fever, low PCV, body score, serum glucose, total protein, cholesterol, and progesterone. Hepatitis, pericarditis, and encephalitis were observed in the aborted fetuses. The presence of T. vivax DNA in the placenta, amniotic fluid, blood, and tissues from the fetuses confirms the transplacental transmission of the parasite. Histological lesion in the fetuses and placenta also suggest the involvement of the parasite in the etiopathogenesis of reproductive failure in ewes.  相似文献   

Hair cortisol as a marker of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation in Friesian dairy cows clinically or physiologically compromised     

A. Comin  T. Peric  M. Corazzin  M.C. Veronesi  T. Meloni  V. Zufferli  G. Cornacchia  A. Prandi 《Livestock Science》2013,152(1):36-41

This study was designed to assess hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation in lactating cows clinically or physiologically compromised. Cortisol was measured in the hair of 475 multiparous cows of Italian Friesian breed. The cows were classified into Groups A (n=218) and B (n=257). Group A included cows clinically compromised that had recently suffered a disease (e.g. metritis, laminitis, mastitis) or physiologically compromised that calved 1 month prior to hair sampling. Group B were clinically normal lactating cows at least 60 days after calving with somatic cell counts of less than 200,000 cells/ml in milk. Animals in Group A showed higher hair cortisol levels than those in Group B (P<0.01). Significant positive correlation (rpb=+0.352, P<0.001) was detected between hair cortisol and cows clinically or physiologically compromised. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.701 (SE 0.024) and a cut-off value of 4.17 pg/mg was found to discriminate between groups A and B with a sensitivity of 62.4% and specificity of 69.3%. The hair cortisol test emerged as useful to determine HPA activation and to enhance current understanding on the involvement of this axis in clinically or physiologically compromised cows.  相似文献