Mate choice of an endogeic earthworm revealed by microsatellite markers     

Marta Novo  Ana Almodóvar  Rosa M. Fernández  Mónica Gutiérrez  Darío J. Díaz Cosín 《Pedobiologia》2010,53(6):375-379

Endogeic earthworms are difficult study subjects due to the cryptic medium in which they live; thus, only the behaviour of epigeic and anecic earthworms has been studied before. We used microsatellite markers as a tool to elucidate the mate choice processes of Hormogaster elisae, an endogeic earthworm. It was shown to normally mate with two partners, preferably of the same size that are found in close proximity thereby eliminating the need for long-distance dispersion, which could explain the previously observed high genetic differentiation between populations. The genetic analyses of the sperm within each of its four spermathecae showed a uniform distribution with no signs of differential storage of sperm from different partners.  相似文献   

Use of a Japanese quail fibrosarcoma cell line (QT-35) in serologic assays to determine the antigenic relationship of avian metapneumoviruses.     

Marta I Sabara  June E Larence  Stacey Halayko 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2003,15(5):447-453

The ability of a Japanese quail fibrosarcoma cell line (QT-35) to support the replication of avian metapneumoviruses belonging to the 3 subgroups A (14/1 virus), B (Colorado virus), and C (Hungary virus) enabled the development of assays for the detection and evaluation of virus-specific antibodies. On the basis of the results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), plaque reduction neutralization assay (PRNA), immunofluorescent assay (IFA), and Western blot analysis, some degree of antigenic cross-reactivity was observed between prototype viruses belonging to each of the 3 subgroups A, B, and C. The antigen produced in QT-35 cells was found to be superior with respect to its reactivity with virus-specific antibodies, as determined when used in ELISA and IFA. Standardization of both the input virus and the virus-specific antibodies in PRNA enabled a more detailed analysis of the antigenic relationship between these viruses. Specifically, it was observed that 14/1 virus shared more neutralizing regions with Hungary and Colorado viruses than did either of these viruses with 14/1 virus. In addition, Hungary virus shared comparatively fewer neutralizing epitopes with the Colorado virus than did 14/1 virus. Western blot analysis of the reactivity patterns of virus antigen, produced in QT-35 cells, with subgroup-specific antibodies identified a cross-reactive protein migrating at approximately 18 kD. These assays and the information from the Western blot will enable further analysis of avian metapneumovirus isolates to determine antigenic relationships.  相似文献   

Multi‐temporal Digital Photogrammetric Analysis for Quantitative Assessment of Soil Erosion Rates in the Landola Catchment of the Upper Orcia Valley (Tuscany,Italy)     

Pietro P. C. Aucelli  Massimo Conforti  Marta Della Seta  Maurizio Del Monte  Lorenzo D'uva  Carmen M. Rosskopf  Francesca Vergari 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2016,27(4):1075-1092

This paper focuses on the analysis of the slope and catchment erosion dynamics in a typical Mediterranean context and its sensitivity to recent climatic and socio‐economic changes. The main objective of the present study is to test the reliability of digital photogrammetric analysis to evaluate the time and space evolution of erosion processes mainly triggered by surface running waters and landslides for about the last 60 years. The selected test area is the Landola catchment, a minor tributary of the Upper Orcia River Valley (Southern Tuscany). The Upper Orcia valley is a key site for the comprehension of denudation processes typically acting in Mediterranean badland areas thanks to the following: (i) the availability of long‐lasting erosion monitoring datasets (20 years' long direct measurements at erosion ‘hot spots’); (ii) its representativeness as a sub‐humid Mediterranean badland area; and (iii) the rapidity of development of erosion processes, which makes it suitable as an open‐air laboratory for the study of badland dynamics. The outputs of this work highlight that the application of high‐resolution digital photogrammetric methodologies can represent a powerful and low‐cost tool to evaluate rates and spatial–temporal distribution of denudation processes, as confirmed by the validation through field point monitoring in areas close to the study area. The results obtained for the study area confirm that high erosion rates are a persistent environmental problem for the Upper Orcia Valley, which is not solved up to now, despite various land conservation interventions. The performed multi‐temporal analysis shows a slight decrease in the average water erosion rate during the last 60 years and a parallel increase in the frequency of mass wasting events. These variations are most likely related to a complex interplay between land use changes that have affected the study area during the studied period, revealing a very delicate equilibrium between farming activities and erosion processes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Pyramiding genes affecting sprouting resistance in Rye by means of marker assisted selection     

Marta?Twardowska  Piotr?Masoj?Email author  Pawe??Milczarski 《Euphytica》2005,143(3):257-260

The 541 × Ot1-3 intercross population and bulked segregant analysis (BSA) were used to search for molecular markers linked to genes underlying sprouting and alpha-amylase activity. Six RAPD markers showing association with studied traits were tested for their potential effectiveness in selecting sprouting resistant genotypes. It was shown that although individual effects of markers were not high, their accumulation in one genotype gives substantial increase in sprouting resistance.  相似文献   

拉丁美洲花卉业:跟上时代步伐     

Marta Pizano  周艳萍 《中国花卉园艺》2007,(7):46-47

如今,在这个全球伴随着激烈竞争的市场环境下,非洲及亚洲的花卉从业者成为国际上花卉栽培大军中的一支新兴队伍,并且这支队伍的力量正在与日俱增,  相似文献   

Availability of exchangeable and non-exchangeable K in Argentine soils with different mineralogy     

María M. Zubillaga  Marta E. Conti 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1996,159(2):149-153

There were two objectives in the study: 1) To determine exchangeable K and non-exchangeable K in soils with different potassium depletion levels and mineralogy as plant sources 2) To establish a relationship between the mineralogy vs exchangeable K (Ke) and non-exchangeable K (Kne) mobilization. An extraction experiment of soils was carried out in a greenhouse, with a total of 6 consecutive crops of ryegrass. Different supply rates for plant K were determined by Ke and Kne mobilization according to the soil intensity of use. The contribution of the Ke was greater and generated higher amount of K uptake during maximum availability period (from 0 to the 1st harvest) than in the later period when soil K was already depleted. For this the initial exchangeable K and the illite concentration of soils accounted for almost 100% (R² = 0.981 P=0.01) of the K taken up by ryegrass. For the following period (from the 2nd harvest to the 6th), Kne forms became more important. Plant K supply was not only a result of initial exchangeable K and illite concentration but presumably also of primary K-bearing minerals.  相似文献   

Polyphenol oxidase from Dominga table grape     

Núñez-Delicado E  Serrano-Megías M  Pérez-López AJ  López-Nicolás JM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(15):6087-6093

Dominga grape polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was extracted using phase partitioning with Triton X-114. The enzyme was obtained in latent state and could be optimally activated by the presence of 0.2% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) at pH 6.0. In the absence of SDS, the enzyme showed maximum activity at acid pH. The kinetic parameters of the enzyme at pH 3.0 and 6.0 in the presence of SDS were calculated. The effect of several inhibitors was studied, tropolone being the most effective with a K(i) value of 18 muM. The effect of cyclodextrins was also studied, and the complexation constant K(c) between G(2)-beta-cyclodextrins and 4-tert-butylcatechol was calculated using the enzymatic method (K(c) = 13960 M(-)(1)). The evolution of the color parameters (L, a, b) of liquefied grape berries was inhibited by inhibitors of PPO activity, such as diethyldithiocarbamate, metabisulfite, and G(2)-beta-cyclodextrins, indicating that enzymatic browning by PPO is the main process involved in the browning of Dominga grape juice at room temperature.  相似文献   

Real-time polymerase chain reaction based assays for quantitative detection of barley, rice, sunflower, and wheat   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hernández M  Esteve T  Pla M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(18):7003-7009

Quality assurance is a major issue in the food industry. The authenticity of food ingredients and their traceability are required by consumers and authorities. Plant species such as barley (Hordeum vulgare), rice (Oryza sativa), sunflower (Helianthus annuus), and wheat (Triticum aestivum) are very common among the ingredients of many processed food products; therefore the development of specific assays for their specific detection and quantification are needed. Furthermore, the production and trade of genetically modified lines from an increasing number of plant species brings about the need for control within research, environmental risk assessment, labeling/legal, and consumers' information purposes. We report here the development of four independent real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays suitable for identification and quantification of four plant species (barley, rice, sunflower, and wheat). These assays target gamma-hordein, gos9, helianthinin, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase sequences, respectively, and were able to specifically detect and quantify DNA from the target plant species. In addition, the simultaneous amplification of RALyase allowed bread from durum wheat to be distinguished. Limits of detection were 1 genome copy for barley, sunflower, and wheat and 3.3 copies for rice real-time PCR systems, whereas limits of quantification were 10 genome copies for barley, sunflower, or wheat and approximately 100 haploid genomes for rice real-time PCR systems. Real-time PCR cycling conditions of the four assays were stated as standard to facilitate their use in routine laboratory analyses. The assays were finally adapted to conventional PCR for detection purposes, with the exception of the wheat assay, which detects rye simultaneously with similar sensitivity in an agarose gel.  相似文献   

Supercritical fluid extraction of all-trans-lycopene from tomato   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Gómez-Prieto MS  Caja MM  Herraiz M  Santa-María G 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(1):3-7

A procedure is proposed for the supercritical fluid extraction of all-trans-lycopene from tomato using carbon dioxide at 40 degrees C without modifier. The present method minimizes the risk of degradation via isomerization and oxidation of health-promoting ingredients, such as lycopene. The effect of different experimental variables on the solvating power of the supercritical fluid was evaluated in terms of both the selectivity achievable in the process and the yield of the extraction of all-trans-lycopene. Satisfactory separations of the all-trans-lycopene isomers from the cis counterparts were achieved using a C(30) column. The obtained extract contained 88% all-trans-lycopene and 12% cis-lycopene.  相似文献   

Transgenic fertile soybean plants derived from somatic embryos transformed via the combined DNA-free particle bombardment and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Agrobacterium</Emphasis> system     

Beatriz Wiebke-Strohm  Annette Droste  Giancarlo Pasquali  Marina Borges Osorio  Lauro Bücker-Neto  Luciane Maria Pereira Passaglia  Marta Bencke  Milena Schenkel Homrich  Márcia Margis-Pinheiro  Maria Helena Bodanese-Zanettini 《Euphytica》2011,177(3):343-354

An Agrobacterium-mediated transformation procedure for soybean [Glycine max L. Merrill] proliferating somatic embryos is here described. The Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 strain harboring pTOK233, pCAMBIA1390-olp or pH7WG2Dwrky plasmids was used to mediate gene transfer into the plant genome. Prior to Agrobacterium inoculation, proliferative soybean embryogenic clusters were microwounded by DNA-free tungsten particle bombardment. Three independent transformation experiments were performed. In Experiment I, 26 transgenic plants were obtained from a unique clone of cv Bragg, while 580 plants were recovered from 105 clones of cv IAS5. In Experiment II, a single hygromycin-resistant clone of cv BRSMG68 Vencedora was recovered and gave rise to five plants. In Experiment III, 19 plants of cv Bragg and 48 plants of IAS5 were recovered, representing five and 14 independent transformation events, respectively. PCR and Southern analyses confirmed the transgenes’ integration into plant genomes. Transgenic plants were fertile. They flowered, set pods and seeds. Transgene segregation in two T₁ progenies fits the Mendelian pattern (3:1 transgenic:non-transgenic plants). This is the first report of transgenic fertile soybean plants obtained from somatic embryogenic tissues transformed by the system that combines DNA-free particle bombardment and Agrobacterium.  相似文献