Selection of snap bean recombined inbred lines by using EGT and SSD     

Felipe Oliveira Vilela  Antonio Teixeira do Amaral Júnior  Silvério de Paiva Freitas Júnior  Alexandre Pio Viana  Messias Gonzaga Pereira  Marcelo Geraldo de Morais Silva 《Euphytica》2009,165(1):21-26

With the objective of selecting superior recombinant lines of snap bean, four segregating F₂ populations were selected by early generation testing and advanced by single seed descent. In a randomized complete block design with two replications within sets 120 F_6:7 lines were obtained and evaluated for seven traits of agronomic interest. The mean pod yield of the F_6:7 generation was 72% higher than in generation F₂, confirming the efficiency of early selection. There was genetic variability in the F_6:7 lines within the sets. The selection of superior genotypes was possible by the high estimates of narrow-sense heritability. Highest gains in simultaneous selection of traits were expressed by the indices proposed by Mulamba & Mock for the genetic standard deviation and by Williams, based on tentatively attributed arbitrary weights. Line 3 of the F_6:7 generation, with a yield of 8,050.0000 kg ha⁻¹ and pod fiber content of 0.3650% is highly promising to be release as new cultivar.  相似文献   

The potential of high-resolution BAC-FISH in banana breeding     

Guy De Capdeville  Manoel Teixeira Souza Júnior  Dóra Szinay  Leandro Eugênio Cardamone Diniz  Erik Wijnker  Rony Swennen  Gerrit Haatje Jan Kema  Hans De Jong 《Euphytica》2009,166(3):431-443

The genetic complexity in the genus Musa has been subject of study in many breeding programs worldwide. Parthenocarpy, female sterility, polyploidy in different cultivars and limited amount of genetic and genomic information make the production of new banana cultivars difficult and time consuming. In addition, it is known that part of the cultivars and related wild species in the genus contain numerous chromosomal rearrangements. In order to produce new cultivars more effectively breeders must better understand the genetic differences of the potential crossing parents for introgression hybridization, but extensive genetic information is lacking. As an alternative to achieve information on genetic collinearity we make use of modern chromosome map technology known as high-resolution fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). This article presents the technical aspects and applications of such a technology in Musa species. The technique deals with BAC clone positioning on pachytene chromosomes of Calcutta 4 (Musa acuminata ssp. burmanicoides, A genome group, section Eumusa) and M. velutina (section Rodochlamys). Pollen mother cells digestion with pectolytic enzymes and maceration with acetic acid were optimized for making cell spread preparations appropriate for FISH. As an example of this approach we chose BAC clones that contain markers to known resistance genes and hybridize them for establishing their relative positions on the two species. Technical challenges for adapting existing protocols to the banana cells are presented. We also discuss how this technique can be instrumental for validating collinearity between potential crossing parents and how the method can be helpful in future mapping initiatives, and how this method allows identification of chromosomal rearrangements between related Musa species and cultivars.  相似文献   

Alpha-amylase inhibitors from Brazilian seaweeds and their hypoglycemic potential     

Teixeira VL  Rocha FD  Houghton PJ  Kaplan MA  Pereira RC 《Fitoterapia》2007,78(1):35-36

The acetone crude extract of Lobophora variegata did not show any alpha-amylase inhibition activity. On the contrary, acetone crude extract of both Spatoglossum schroederi and Caulerpa racemosa inhibited the enzyme activity, with an ED(50) of 0.58 and 0.09 mg/ml.  相似文献   

Freezing injury in primary and secondary needles of Mediterranean pine species of contrasting ecological niches   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jose Climent  Filipe Costa e Silva  M. Regina Chambel  Marta Pardos  M. Helena Almeida 《Annals of Forest Science》2009,66(4):407-407

? Pine seedlings show a marked ontogenetic difference between primary and secondary needles, the latter prevailing with a different timing among species.

? Using the electrolyte leakage method following an artificial freezing test, we aimed at (1) determining the differences in freezing tolerance between primary and secondary needles in eight pines of contrasting thermal habitats: P. canariensis, P. pinea, P. halepensis, P. brutia, P. pinaster, P. nigra, P. sylvestris and P. radiata, (2) evaluating the relation between freezing tolerance and sclerophylly and (3) relating freezing tolerance with the climate of origin.

? Primary needles were significantly more sensitive to freezing than secondary needles in Pinus halepensis, P. brutia, P. pinaster and P. nigra, whereas no differences were found in P. canariensis, P. pinea and P. radiata. LT50 was uncorrelated with needle sclerophylly but very highly correlated with the mean temperature of the coldest month at the seed source.

? Results support an adaptive role of secondary needles in the mountain Mediterranean pines P. nigra, P. pinaster and P. brutia, while the more complex responses in coastal Mediterranean pines can be interpreted in the light of seedling ontogeny and species’ ecological niches.

  相似文献   

Genetic variability of Italian southern Scots pine (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus sylvestris</Emphasis> L.) populations: the rear edge of the range     

Marta Scalfi  Andrea Piotti  Massimo Rossi  Paolo Piovani 《European Journal of Forest Research》2009,128(4):377-386

Understanding the genetic structure and diversity of edge populations can shed light on the role of peripheral populations and their relevance for conservation strategies. In this study, three fragmented and isolated Apennine populations of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) belonging to the rear edge of the species’ distribution were analyzed using both nuclear (nSSR) and chloroplast (cpSSR) microsatellites and were compared with an Alpine population belonging to the species’ main range. Although small population size and considerable isolation have probably reduced the genetic variability of Apennine populations, these fragmented populations maintain a high level of within-population genetic diversity. A significant among-population differentiation was found using both nSSR (F _ST = 0.08) and cpSSR markers (ρ = 0.14). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) on the nSSRs attributed all variabilities to the among Apennine populations component supporting the theoretical predictions regarding fragmentation effects on genetic structure. On the other hand, AMOVA on the cpSSRs attributed all variances to the between-region component and no differentiation was found within region, among the Apennine populations. This result suggests the importance of pollen gene flow in homogenizing populations on this geographical scale. Our results confirm the genetic distinctiveness of Apennine populations and their possible derivation from different glacial refugia than those of the Alps. Considering their peculiarity and the high level of intrapopulation genetic diversity that they still retain, fragmented Apennine populations should be considered of high priority for conservation.  相似文献   

Use of Sinorhizobium (Ensifer) fredii for soybean inoculants in South Spain     

Marta Albareda  Dulce N. Rodríguez-Navarro  Francisco J. Temprano 《European Journal of Agronomy》2009,30(3):205-211

The symbiotic potential of fast-growing soybean rhizobia isolated from diverse provinces of China, including S. fredii SMH12 from Vietnam, has been evaluated. All of them produced nitrogen-fixing nodules with the American soybean cultivar Osumi under greenhouse and field conditions. Two years of field experiments conducted in two localities in South Spain with alkaline and moderately acid pH soils showed that seed yields of soybean plants inoculated with fast-growing strains SMH12, WH1, WH8 and WW4 were similar or higher than those obtained with soybean inoculated with the reference slow-growing Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain USDA110. Competitiveness studies between S. fredii SMH12 and B. japonicum USDA110 demonstrated that soybean cultivar and pH of soil determined the outcome of the competition. Alkaline pH (7.8) favoured SMH12 to occupied nodules with American soybean cultivars while USDA110 was more competitive in soils with a moderately acid pH (6.6). The Asiatic cultivar Peking was almost exclusively nodulated by SMH12 in both types of soils. On the other hand, the percentage of nodules occupied by fast-growing soybean inoculants applied into a soil containing indigenous Bradyrhizobium population of 4 × 10³ rhizobia/g was inferior to 18%. SMH12 occupied a 7% and 17% of the nodules with Osumi and Kochi soybean cultivars, respectively.  相似文献   

Nutritional and Sensory Quality of the Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii and the Influence of Packaging Permeability on its Shelf Life     

Julia Siqueira Simoes  Eliane Teixeira Mársico  César Aquiles Lázaro De La Torre  Sérgio Borges Mano  Robson Maia Franco  Luiz Felipe Lopes Dos Santos 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2019,28(6):703-714

The Malaysian freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii was used for nutritional, bacteriological and sensory evaluations. Prawns were refrigerated (0 ± 1°C) and divided into two groups named T1 and T2 corresponding to permeable and impermeable (O₂/CO₂) packaging, respectively, in order to evaluate their shelf life. The percent composition ensured its high nutritional value, and consumer testing showed that acceptability was close to ideal, with good purchase intent. The type of treatment did not significantly influence the parameters assessed, and the shelf life was established as 150 h. The mesophilic bacteria count was the determining factor for quality assessment. Total volatile basic nitrogen and pH were not good parameters for evaluating quality, whereas the biogenic amines, especially agmatine, appeared to be appropriate quality parameters.  相似文献   

Evaluation of growth and fatty acid profile of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed with Schizochytrium sp.     

Smela Keila Almeida dos Santos  Marianne Schorer  Guilherme de Souza Moura  Eduardo Arruda Teixeira Lanna  Marcelo Mattos Pedreira 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(4):1068-1074

The objective of this study was to evaluate growth, body chemical composition and lipid profile of Nile tilapia juvenile fed with Schizochytrium sp. Two hundred and forty Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) juvenile (1.33 ± 0.11 g) were distributed in 20 aquariums, at the density of 12 fish per aquarium. The juvenile were fed with five levels of Schizochytrium sp.: Control (0 g/kg of Schizochytrium sp. in feed); AS10 (10 g/kg of Schizochytrium sp. in feed); AS20 (20 g/kg of Schizochytrium sp. in feed); AS30 (30 g/kg of Schizochytrium sp. in feed) and AS40 (40 g/kg of Schizochytrium sp. in feed). The inclusion of Schizochytrium sp. increase the body weight, weight gain, final biomass and biomass gain of tilapia juvenile. The body crude protein of tilapia was increased after addition of microalgae. Juvenile lipid profile also was influenced when fed with 40 g of Schizochytrium sp. per kg and have it levels of omega‐3 and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) increased, and omega 6:3 ratio decreased. Tilapia juvenile fed with Schizochytrium sp. per kg have better growth, omega‐3 and DHA levels rising in the body, being a considerable source of fatty acids for human nutrition. Levels above 20 g of Schizochytrium sp. per kg in the feed favour the increase of protein in Nile tilapia body.  相似文献   

Feeding management strategies to optimize the use of suspended feed for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultivated in bioflocs     

Marcos Antnio da Silva  rika Ramos de Alvarenga  Franklin Fernando Batista da Costa  Eduardo Maldonado Turra  Gabriel Francisco de Oliveira Alves  Ludson Guimares Manduca  Suellen Cristina Moreira de Sales  Namíbia Rizzari Leite  Vinícius Monteiro Bezerra  Stefani Grace da Silva Moraes  Edgar de Alencar Teixeira 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(2):605-615

Feeding strategies of tilapia (initial average weight: 32 g) cultivated with Biofloc technology (BFT) (carbon source: sugarcane, C:N ratio: 6:1) for 56 days were studied. A 4 × 3 factorial experimental design was used with four feeding frequencies (one, two, three and four times a day) and three feeding rates (50%, 75% and 100% consumption in relation to apparent satiety), with four replicates. Lower levels of dissolved oxygen, protein retention rate and body protein content were found in fish fed once a day. The reduction in feeding rate resulted in lower average final weight and reduced growth but promoted a decrease in the concentration of total ammonia nitrogen, solids, hepatosomatic index and body lipids. We found better efficiency of protein utilization at 75% feed. The nutritional value of the floc was not affected by the feeding frequency, and the feeding rate reduction from 100% to 75% did not alter the protein content of the floc. Thus, twice‐daily feeding frequency is sufficient for Nile tilapia fingerlings reared in BFT. Although the feeding rate of 100% satiety has led to better performance, it may not be the best option in BFT due to higher feed conversion and reduction of water quality.  相似文献   

Which are the best environmental conditions for catching the beach‐seine target species? A Portuguese case study     

Clia M. Teixeira  Priscila M. Silva  Rita Gamito  Sandra Amoroso  Nuno Lopes  Catarina Freitas  Henrique N. Cabral  Jos L. Costa 《Fisheries Oceanography》2020,29(3):276-289

The beach‐seine fishery is a commercial fishing activity on the Portuguese coast, with reports dating as far back as the early 15th century. The main target species of this fishery are small pelagic fish such as Atlantic chub mackerel, Atlantic horse mackerel and sardine. To identify the best conditions for fishing the target species, catches of beach seine (2007–2017) were used and generalized linear models were applied, using a binomial and gamma distributions. The logistic model explained between 36.3% and 45.7% of the catches variability; the gamma model explained 9.1% and 46.9% of the catches variability, being month and wind direction the best covariates for the occurrence and/or abundance of the three small pelagic fishes in analysis. If the effort is directed to the days that meet the conditions found for each species (sardine: between May and October, wind NW, daytime; Atlantic horse mackerel: May, NW/NE wind, 800 m from the coastline; Atlantic chub mackerel: from July to August, NW moderate wind), a reduction in bycatch and discards can be achieved. This approach can have a positive economic and social impact, since it provides information for turning fisheries more efficient.  相似文献