Perspectives and advances in in-clinic laboratory diagnostic capabilities: hematology and clinical chemistry.     

M Glade Weiser  Linda M Vap  Mary Anna Thrall 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2007,37(2):221-36, v

The typical technologies used in veterinary hematology and biochemical analyzers are reviewed, along with associated advantages and disadvantages. Guidelines for implementing a successful in-clinic laboratory are provided, including criteria for system evaluation and expectations for comparative performance evaluations. The more common problems and limitations associated with in-clinic laboratory diagnostics and how to best prevent them are also discussed.  相似文献   

Plant Host Range of Verticillium longisporum and Microsclerotia Density in Swedish Soils     

Anna Johansson  Jan-Kees C. Goud  Christina Dixelius 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2006,114(2):139-149

Verticillium longisporum is a soil-borne fungal pathogen causing vascular wilt of Brassica crops. This study was conducted to enhance our knowledge on the host range of V. longisporum. Seven crop species (barley, oat, oilseed rape, pea, red clover, sugar beet and wheat) and five weed species (barren brome, black-grass, charlock, cleavers and scentless mayweed) all common in southern Sweden were evaluated for infection by response to V. longisporum. Oat, spring wheat, oilseed rape, scentless mayweed and charlock inoculated with V. longisporum in a greenhouse showed stunting to various degrees close to the fully ripe stage. Based on the extent of microsclerotia formation, explants were separated into four groups: for pea and wheat, <5% of the samples had formed microsclerotia; for scentless mayweed, 5–10%; for oat, 10–20%; and for charlock and oilseed rape >80%. The results suggest that plant species outside the Brassicaceae can act as reservoirs of V. longisporum inoculum. Soil inoculum densities in nine fields were monitored over a period of 12 months, which ranged from 1 to 48 cfu g⁻¹ soil. Density of microsclerotia was lowest just after harvest, reaching its maximum six months later. No significant correlation between inoculum density in soil and disease incidence on oilseed rape plants was found. However, the data suggest that a threshold of 1 cfu g⁻¹ soil is needed to cause disease on oilseed rape. Species identification based on microsclerotia morphology and PCR analysis showed that V. longisporum dominated in soil of seven, and V. dahliae in two of the nine fields studied.  相似文献   

Thoracoscopic pericardiotomy as a palliative treatment in a cow with pericardial lymphoma     

Jrme Van Biervliet DVM  Dipl ACVIM  Marc Kraus DVM  Dipl ACVIM  Brett Woodie DVM  Dipl ACVS  Thomas J. Divers DVM  Dipl ACVIM  Dipl ACVECC  Anna Gelzer Dr. Med. Vet.  Dipl ACVIM  Dorothy Ainsworth DVM  PhD  Dipl ACVIM 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2006,8(1):69-73

A 5-year-old Holstein cow, pregnant with a valuable calf, was presented with signs of heart failure (tachycardia, peripheral edema, and distended jugular veins) related to pericardial lymphoma and associated cardiac tamponade. In addition, pleural effusion was present in both hemithoraces. Medical treatment, which consisted of repeated pericardiocenteses, placement of indwelling pleural catheters, administration of intravenous fluid therapy, antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs, was ineffective in controlling recurrence of clinical signs despite a temporary improvement. A standing thoracoscopic pericardiotomy was performed in an attempt to reduce clinical signs of heart failure and to prolong life. Clinical signs of heart failure abated and no recurrence was seen. Standing thoracoscopic pericardiotomy along with possible corticosteroids can be recommended as palliative treatment in an effort to extend life for reproductive performance in genetically valuable animals.  相似文献   

Landscape attributes and life history variability shape genetic structure of trout populations in a stream network     

Helen M. Neville  Jason B. Dunham  Mary M. Peacock 《Landscape Ecology》2006,21(6):901-916

Spatial and temporal landscape patterns have long been recognized to influence biological processes, but these processes often operate at scales that are difficult to study by conventional means. Inferences from genetic markers can overcome some of these limitations. We used a landscape genetics approach to test hypotheses concerning landscape processes influencing the demography of Lahontan cutthroat trout in a complex stream network in the Great Basin desert of the western US. Predictions were tested with population- and individual-based analyses of microsatellite DNA variation, reflecting patterns of dispersal, population stability, and local effective population sizes. Complementary genetic inferences suggested samples from migratory corridors housed a mixture of fish from tributaries, as predicted based on assumed migratory life histories in those habitats. Also as predicted, populations presumed to have greater proportions of migratory fish or from physically connected, large, or high quality habitats had higher genetic variability and reduced genetic differentiation from other populations. Populations thought to contain largely non-migratory individuals generally showed the opposite pattern, suggesting behavioral isolation. Estimated effective sizes were small, and we identified significant and severe genetic bottlenecks in several populations that were isolated, recently founded, or that inhabit streams that desiccate frequently. Overall, this work suggested that Lahontan cutthroat trout populations in stream networks are affected by a combination of landscape and metapopulation processes. Results also demonstrated that genetic patterns can reveal unexpected processes, even within a system that is well studied from a conventional ecological perspective.  相似文献   

非洲鸵鸟的雌雄鉴别研究     

王岩  彭克美  宋卉  位兰  李升和  唐丽  杜安娜  靳二辉  王家乡 《野生动物》2007,28(1):7-9

对鸵鸟进行早期的性别鉴定，可以确保期望的鸵鸟雌雄性别比例，雏鸟雌雄分群饲养，加快鸵鸟驯养进程，提高育雏成活率都有着重要意义。本研究采用翻肛法，对人工饲养的1～3月龄育雏期非洲鸵鸟进行试验与研究。结果表明，在1月龄时就可根据有无生殖交媾器及其形态、大小的差别进行雌雄鉴别，打破了通常认为鸵鸟在4月龄时才可以进行性别鉴定的传统做法，为非洲鸵鸟的饲养管理提供了有利的依据。  相似文献   

Enjoyment and fear in urban woodlands – Does age make a difference?     

Anna Jorgensen  Alexandra Anthopoulou 《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2007,6(4):267-278

Urban dwellers experience conflicting thoughts and feelings about urban woodlands; valued for their natural qualities, the relief they provide from the stress of modern urban living and the opportunities they afford for children's play and exploration. At the same time the seclusion inherent in this type of urban greenspace seems fraught with risk from crime, vandalism and abuse. Whilst many of these characteristics are well-researched, less is known about the differing perceptions of particular social groups. This study aimed to explore the ways in which age affects urban dwellers’ aspirations, values and fears concerning the woods, and woodland accessibility, focusing on the views of elderly people (aged over 65). This pilot study was based in Norfolk Heritage Park, an urban park containing a variety of woodland settings located in Sheffield, UK. The questionnaire survey (participantsn=97) revealed that although walking is the most popular leisure activity, most respondents did not visit urban parks as often as they would like, regardless of age. Whilst many of the meanings associated with urban woodland (“relaxation”, “peacefulness”, “seasonal change”, “scenery” and “education”) were shared amongst age groups, it seemed that the elderly respondents particularly valued the woods for their links with the past, and opportunities for immersion in the natural world. Some respondents from all age groups had fears about their personal security in the woodland, and the concerns of the elderly were heightened by their perceived frailty, reduced mobility and sense of vulnerability; this age group had a corresponding need for particular measures to alleviate these problems. The study provides preliminary evidence for the idea that adults of different ages have differing perceptions and requirements in relation to urban woodlands. Due to the small sample size and other methodological issues, further research is needed to confirm and develop the findings.  相似文献   

A riverscape perspective on habitat associations among riverine bird assemblages in the Lake Champlain Basin,USA     

S. Mažeika P. Sullivan  Mary C. Watzin  William S. Keeton 《Landscape Ecology》2007,22(8):1169-1186

The riverscape perspective recognizes the heterogeneous habitat types within the stream corridor as a single, integrated ecological unit operating across spatial scales. Although there is ample evidence that the riverscape notion is appropriate in understanding the physical phenomena of stream corridors, significantly less attention has focused on its ecological ramifications. To this end, we surveyed riverscape habitat variables and bird community characteristics in the Champlain Valley of Vermont, USA. From the data collected, we used information theoretic methodology (AIC_c) to model relationships between bird community attributes and key habitat variables across the riverscape. Our models with the greatest support suggest that riverine bird communities respond to a suite of characteristics; representing a variety of riverscape habitats at the in-stream, floodplain, and riparian levels. Channel slope, drainage area, percent conifers, and in-stream habitat condition were among the most influential variables. We found that piscivores are potentially important indicators of riverscape condition, responding to a host of variables across the riverscape. Our results endorse a holistic approach to assessing and managing the mosaic of patches in the riverscape and suggest that a riverscape approach has significant conservation potential.  相似文献   

‘Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense’ is the phytoplasma associated with Australian grapevine yellows, papaya dieback and Phormium yellow leaf diseases     

Lia W. Liefting  Anna C. Padovan  Karen S. Gibb  Ross E. Beever  Mark T. Andersen  Richard D. Newcomb  David L. Beck  Richard L.S. Forster 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1998,104(6):619-623

Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA genes and the 16S/23S spacer regions of the phytoplasmas associated with Australian grapevine yellows, papaya dieback and Phormium yellow leaf diseases revealed minimal nucleotide differences between them resulting in the formation of a monophyletic group. Therefore, along with Australian grapevine yellows, the phytoplasmas associated with Phormium yellow leaf and papaya dieback should also be considered as Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense.  相似文献   

Density estimates of rural dog populations and an assessment of marking methods during a rabies vaccination campaign in the Philippines     

James E. Childs  Laura E. Robinson  Ramses Sadek  Anthony Madden  Mary Elizabeth Miranda  Noel L. Miranda 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1998,33(1-4):207-218

We estimated the population density of dogs by distance sampling and assessed the potential utility of two marking methods for capture-mark-recapture applications following a mass canine rabies-vaccination campaign in Sorsogon Province, the Republic of the Philippines. Thirty villages selected to assess vaccine coverage and for dog surveys were visited 1 to 11 days after the vaccinating team. Measurements of the distance of dogs or groups of dogs from transect lines were obtained in 1088 instances (N = 1278 dogs; mean group SIZE = 1.2). Various functions modelling the probability of detection were fitted to a truncated distribution of distances of dogs from transect lines. A hazard rate model provided the best fit and an overall estimate of dog-population density of 468/km² (95% confidence interval, 359 to 611). At vaccination, most dogs were marked with either a paint stick or a black plastic collar. Overall, 34.8% of 2167 and 28.5% of 2115 dogs could be accurately identified as wearing a collar or showing a paint mark; 49.1% of the dogs had either mark. Increasing time interval between vaccination-team visit and dog survey and increasing distance from transect line were inversely associated with the probability of observing a paint mark. Probability of observing a collar was positively associated with increasing estimated density of the dog population in a given village and with animals not associated with a house. The data indicate that distance sampling is a relatively simple and adaptable method for estimating dog-population density and is not prone to problems associated with meeting some model assumptions inherent to mark-recapture estimators.  相似文献   

RADIATION THERAPY FOR INCOMPLETELY RESECTED CANINE MAST CELL TUMORS     

Tracy  Ladue  DVM  G. Sylvester  Price  DVM  PhD  Richard  Dodge  MS  Rodney L.  Page  DVM  MS  Donald E.  Thrall  DVM  PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1998,39(1):57-62

The records of 56 dogs treated with megavoltage radiation for mast cell neoplasia were reviewed to determine the efficacy of this treatment modality. Total radiation dose ranged from 45 to 57 Gray (Gy), dose per fraction ranged from 3.0 to 4.0 Gy, and radiation treatment time ranged from 14–28 days. Median disease free interval (95% CI) was 32.7 (19–70) months. Median disease free interval for dogs older than 7.5 years was 15 (lower limit 7) months as compared to 62 (lower limit 20) for dogs younger than 7.5 years of age (p = 0.006). Median disease free interval for dogs with measurable disease was 12 (lower limit 5) months as compared to 54 (32–70) months for dogs with microscopic disease (p = 0.006). Radiation treatment time was also significantly related to disease free interval. Median disease free interval for dogs treated longer than 22 days was 12 (7–19) months as compared to greater than 50 (lower limit 20) months for dogs treated in 22 or fewer days (p < 0.001). This appeared to be due to more recurrences in dogs treated with 3-per-week fractionation and suggests that tumor proliferation in the interfraction interval may be important. Sex, tumor location, histologic grade, WHO clinical stage, number of radiation fractions, total radiation dose, and dose-per-fraction, as well as the following "yes/no" variables: steroids given, surgery prior to radiation, lymph nodes irradiated, and development of another mast cell tumor did not appear to influence median disease free interval or survival. Data presented herein support megavoltage radiation as an effective treatment for canine mast cell neoplasia, and suggest that disease free interval in dogs treated with daily fractions may be longer than that achieved with alternating day fractions.  相似文献