Dietary transition stages based on eating patterns and diet quality among Haitians of Montreal, Canada     

Désilets MC  Rivard M  Shatenstein B  Delisle H 《Public health nutrition》2007,10(5):454-463

OBJECTIVES: To identify dietary transition stages based on dietary patterns of adult Haitians having lived in Montreal for various lengths of time, and to assess associated dietary quality. SUBJECTS: One hundred and eighty-one Haitians aged 25-60 years were recruited by the modified random digit dialling method. DESIGN: Socio-economic, diet and lifestyle variables were documented by questionnaire. Three non-consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls were conducted over a 3-month period. Dietary patterns were studied using cluster analysis, and their association with proportion of lifetime in Canada and with socio-economic status (SES) was examined. Diet quality criteria were micronutrient adequacy and healthfulness based on dietary recommendations of the World Health Organization. RESULTS: Four dietary phenotypes were identified which could roughly represent stages of dietary transition or acculturation (Traditional, Pre-Western, Western and Modern). Subjects in the 'Traditional' cluster were older and had lived for a significantly lower proportion of their lifetime in Canada; they also tended to be of lower SES. Diet quality was significantly higher in the 'Traditional' than the 'Western' type, particularly with respect to healthfulness. A significantly lower proportion of subjects complying with limited intake of total fat ( < 30%) and cholesterol ( < 45%) was observed in the 'Western' compared with other diet phenotypes. Less than 15% of all subjects consumed enough dietary fibre, irrespective of diet type. CONCLUSION: Dietary transition stages could be identified on the basis of food patterns of Haitians according to the proportion of their lifetime in Canada. Encouraging the youth to retain the traditional food culture in its positive aspects would appear relevant  相似文献   

Large-scale historical afforestation failure with Pinus cembra in the Swiss Prealps     

Fragnière  Yann  Sonnenwyl  Vincent  Clément  Benoît  Kozlowski  Gregor 《New Forests》2022,53(3):533-553

New Forests - Between the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, large-scale afforestation projects were undertaken in the Swiss Prealps. The Swiss stone pine (Pinus cembra L.), an emblematic...  相似文献   

Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Chlamydophila spp. infection in ewes in the northeast of Algeria     

Sana Hireche  Omar Bouaziz  Djahida Djenna  Sabrina Boussena  Rachida Aimeur  Rachid Kabouia  El Hacène Bererhi 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(2):467-473

A cross-sectional study was carried out to estimate prevalence of Chlamydophila spp. antibodies and to investigate risk factors associated with chlamydial infection in 552 ewes between March 2011 and January 2012 in the province of Constantine. Anti-Chlamydophila antibodies were detected using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit in 24.5 % of examined sera. Of the herds, 70.4 % had at least one seropositive animal. A pretested structured questionnaire was administered in order to collect information on individual animal health and herd management practices. Chi-square analysis and multivariable logistic regression model were used to identify risk factors related to Chlamydophila seropositivity. Univariable analysis revealed 17 variables with p?<?0.25 that were offered to the multivariable logistic regression model which in turn identified 12–23 months age group (OR?=?5.903, 95 % CI (OR)?=?1.690; 20.618) and not using disinfectants (OR?=?2.099, 95 % CI (OR)?=?1.314; 8.065) as risk factors for Chlamydophila spp. seropositivity. Moreover, occurrence of stillbirth problem (OR?=?3.682, 95 % CI (OR)?=?1.825; 7.430) and 5–10 % mortality rate in young lambs (OR?=?2.584, 95 % CI (OR)?=?1.058; 6.310) were significantly associated with seropositivity to Chlamydophila spp. On the other hand, availability of veterinary service was identified as a protective factor (OR?=?0.161, 95 % CI (OR)?=?0.051; 0.511).  相似文献   

What is your diagnosis? Systemic lymphadenopathy and blindness in a dog from Italy     

Francesca Beribè  Arianna Miglio  Maria Paola Cassarani  Gianenrico Magi  Fabrizio Passamonti  Fulvio Laus  Matteo Cerquetella  Andrea Spaterna 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2014,43(4):605-606

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Arterial oxygen tension and pulmonary ventilation in horses placed in the Anderson Sling suspension system after a period of lateral recumbency and anaesthetised with constant rate infusions of romifidine and ketamine     

I. François  F.‐X. Lalèyê  M. Micat  K. Benredouane  K. Portier 《Equine veterinary journal》2014,46(5):596-600

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Arthroscopy in Cattle: Technique and Normal Anatomy     

Hélène Lardé  Sylvain Nichols 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》2014

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Contribution of mammary epithelial cells to the immune response during early stages of a bacterial infection to Staphylococcus aureus     

Pauline Brenaut  Lucas Lefèvre  Andrea Rau  Denis Lalo?  Giuliano Pisoni  Paolo Moroni  Claudia Bevilacqua  Patrice Martin 《Veterinary research》2014,45(1):16

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Oak powdery mildew changes growth patterns in its host tree: host tolerance response and potential manipulation of host physiology by the parasite     

Marie-Laure Desprez-Loustau  Gilles Saint-Jean  Benoît Barrès  Cécile Françoise Dantec  Cyril Dutech 《Annals of Forest Science》2014,71(5):563-573

Context

Parasites can induce strong effects on their host’s growth, not only as a result of host resource exploitation (growth loss) but also with a potential adaptive value for host (tolerance response) and themselves (increased transmission).

Aims

We assessed these three types of phenotypic changes in oak seedlings infected by powdery mildew.

Methods

A manipulative field experiment with three levels of parasite inoculum was designed in order to tease apart infection from genetic effects on oak growth. Seedlings were monitored during 3 years for height growth, phenology and infection.

Results

Powdery mildew infection induced both significant growth loss and qualitative changes in plant architecture. The most striking and unexpected change was increased growth polycyclism in infected seedlings. This benefitted both the host as a form of compensation for infection-caused height loss, and the pathogen, by increasing sporulation.

Conclusion

The study highlights the effect of parasites in the expression of plant phenotypic traits, such as phenology and ultimately tree architecture. Both host tolerance and parasitic manipulation may be involved in the observed changes in growth patterns. These results suggest a complex interplay between development and defence in trees and emphasize the need to better assess tolerance mechanisms when considering the defence strategies of trees against pathogens.  相似文献   

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ochroconis humicola</Emphasis> infection in red sea bream <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pagrus major</Emphasis> and marbled rockfish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sebastiscus marmoratus</Emphasis> cultured in Japan   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Shinpei?WadaEmail author  Chutima?Hanjavanit  Osamu?Kurata  Kishio?Hatai 《Fisheries Science》2005,71(3):682-684

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Evaluation of different protein sources in fingerling grey mullet <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mugil cephalus</Emphasis> practical diets     

Umberto?Luzzana  Franco?ValfrèEmail author  Marco?Mangiarotti  Cinzia?Domeneghini  Giuseppe?Radaelli  Vittorio Maria?Moretti  Marco?Scolari 《Aquaculture International》2005,13(4):291-303

An eight-week experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of different protein sources (fish and haemoglobin meal, soybean meal and torula yeast), in practical diets, on growth, body composition and gut morphology of fingerling grey mullet (Mugil cephalus). Weight gain (%), SGR, FCR, N retention, PER, PGR, FDR and carcass composition of fish were not significantly affected by the dietary protein source. Fish fed the torula yeast based diet showed reduction in growth performance. Histological examinations performed on the alimentary tract of the fish showed a normal structural pattern in the experimental groups, as fundamental histological and histochemical aspects were similar if compared to the control group. The lower growth performance observed in fish fed a torula yeast based diet may be tentatively correlated with the presence of some detrimental morpho-functional aspects in the gut of these fish if compared to fish fed the other diets. Further studies are necessary to confirm this hypothesis.  相似文献