Bacterial sex: playing voyeurs 50 years later     

Kohiyama M  Hiraga S  Matic I  Radman M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,301(5634):802-803

The concept of chromosomes with a ring structure was born during the early studies of bacterial sexuality, and the discovery of fertility factors- episomes or plasmids-provided much later the key tools for gene cloning and biotechnology. But the plasmid-mediated transfer of antibiotic and other resistances, as well as pathogenicity, has served bacteria well in their own adaptive evolution.  相似文献   

Pollen grains infected with apple stem grooving virus serve as a vector for horizontal transmission of the virus     

Isogai  Masamichi  Shimoda  Ren  Nishimura  Honoka  Yaegashi  Hajime 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2022,88(1):81-87

Journal of General Plant Pathology - Here, Nicotiana benthamiana plants became infected with apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) after pollination with pollen grains produced by ASGV-infected apple...  相似文献   

Plant viruses and viroids in Japan     

Fuji  Shin-ichi  Mochizuki  Tomofumi  Okuda  Mitsuru  Tsuda  Shinya  Kagiwada  Satoshi  Sekine  Ken-Taro  Ugaki  Masashi  Natsuaki  Keiko T.  Isogai  Masamichi  Maoka  Tetsuo  Takeshita  Minoru  Yoshikawa  Nobuyuki  Mise  Kazuyuki  Sasaya  Takahide  Kondo  Hideki  Kubota  Kenji  Yamaji  Yasuyuki  Iwanami  Toru  Ohshima  Kazusato  Kobayashi  Kappei  Hataya  Tatsuji  Sano  Teruo  Suzuki  Nobuhiro 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2022,88(2):105-127

Journal of General Plant Pathology - An increasing number of plant viruses and viroids have been reported from all over the world due largely to metavirogenomics approaches with technological...  相似文献   

Attenuated plant viruses: preventing virus diseases and understanding the molecular mechanism     

Masamichi Nishiguchi  Kappei Kobayashi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2011,77(4):221-229

Attenuated viruses have been isolated and studied not only as a practical means of controlling virus diseases but also to gain a molecular understanding of viral virulence and cross protection. They have been isolated from crop fields and generated through high/low temperature treatment or by mutagens such as nitrous acid and ultraviolet irradiation. Some viruses have been beneficially used in fields and evaluated for one or more decades. Molecular genetic studies on attenuated viruses have revealed that amino acid substitutions are located in replicase and the movement protein in tobamovirus, protein 2b for cucumovirus, and P1 and HC-Pro for potyvirus. In most cases, with a few exceptions, symptom attenuation is positively correlated with a reduced level of RNA silencing suppression. Molecular mechanisms underlying virus attenuation and cross protection and the rationale for practical use of attenuated viruses for effective virus disease control are discussed.  相似文献   

Proposal of screening method for intestinal mucus adhesive lactobacilli using the enzymatic activity of glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)     

Hideki KINOSHITA  Shun IMOTO  Yoshihito SUDA  Mitsuharu ISHIDA  Masamichi WATANABE  Yasushi KAWAI  Haruki KITAZAWA  Koh MIURA  Akira HORII  Tadao SAITO 《Animal Science Journal》2013,84(2):150-158

Adhesion tests are complex, time‐consuming and expensive, while the most important criterion for a probiotic lactobacilli is the ability to adhere to the human intestine. Thirty lactobacilli isolates from human intestinal tissues were measured for cell surface glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) activity using a microtiter plate screening method. GAPDH activities were detected in 21 out of 30 samples from 12 h cultures and in all samples from 18 h cultures. This suggests GAPDH is universally expressed on the bacterial cell surfaces from many lactobacilli. A statistically significant positive correlation was shown between GAPDH activity and adhesion using the BIACORE adhesion assay (P < 0.01). The new screening method using GAPDH enzymatic activity without an adhesion test may be possible due to the significant positive correlation of GAPDH activity with adhesion of lactobacilli derived from the human intestine.  相似文献   

Characterization of glycoconjugates and sialic acid modification in the olfactory bulb of the Chinese fire-bellied newt (Cynops orientalis)     

Toshiyasu Matsui  Kazuyuki Komamoto  Hitomi Igarashi  Masamichi Kurohmaru 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2020,49(2):260-269

Diverse glycoconjugates are expressed in the vertebrate olfactory bulb and serve as guidance cues for axons of nasal receptor neurons. Although the involvement of glycoconjugates in the segregation of the olfactory pathway has been suggested, it is poorly understood in salamanders. In this study, lectin histochemistry was used to determine glycoconjugate distribution in the olfactory bulb of the Chinese fire-bellied newt (Cynops orientalis). Succinylated wheat germ agglutinin (sWGA), Ricinus communis agglutinin-I and Lens culinaris agglutinin showed different bindings in the nerve fibre layer or glomerular layer, or both, between the main and accessory olfactory bulbs. We then investigated the lectin-binding pattern after the removal of terminal sialic acids using neuraminidase. Desialylation resulted in a change in the binding reactivities with seven lectins. Wheat germ agglutinin, sWGA, soybean agglutinin (SBA) and peanut agglutinin showed different degrees of binding between the main and accessory olfactory bulbs. In addition, SBA showed a heterogeneous labelling of glomeruli in the rostral region of the main olfactory bulb. Our results suggest that terminal sialic acids mask the heterogeneity of glycoconjugates in the olfactory bulb of C. orientalis.  相似文献   

Di(n‐butyl) Phthalate Induces Vimentin Filaments Disruption in Rat Sertoli Cells: A Possible Relation with Spermatogenic Cell Apoptosis     

M. S. Alam  S. Ohsako  T. W. Tay  N. Tsunekawa  Y. Kanai  M. Kurohmaru 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2010,39(3):186-193

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Hammer blot-mediated RNA extraction: an inexpensive,labor-saving method to extract RNA for plant virus detection     

Md. Shamim Akhter  Takashi Yaeno  Naoto Yamaoka  Masamichi Nishiguchi  Kappei Kobayashi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2016,82(5):268-272

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Improved method for in situ biolistic transformation to analyze barley–powdery mildew interactions     

Miki Wahara  Chie Inoue  Tomohiro Kohguchi  Koreyuki Sugai  Kappei Kobayashi  Masamichi Nishiguchi  Naoto Yamaoka  Takashi Yaeno 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2017,83(3):140-146

Although the use of stable transformants is indispensable to elucidate mechanisms underlying molecular plant–pathogen interactions, this approach remains difficult to apply to crops. Alternatively, biolistic transformation has often been used as a transient expression method in various plants. In this study, we developed a method for in situ biolistic transformation without separating leaves from barley seedlings by using a hand-held particle bombardment system because unwounded leaves are preferable for analyzing interactions between barley and Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei which requires healthy living cells. As a result, we found that the infection rate in intact leaves was higher than in separated leaves and that the transformation efficiencies in leaves were higher when plants were grown in vermiculite rather than in culture soil. Furthermore, we determined the appropriate inoculation time after bombardment to analyze the incompatible interaction and successfully monitored the gradual occurrence of cell death over time. Our system was suitable for relatively long-term follow-up analysis of the fate of each single cell during plant–pathogen interactions.  相似文献   

Marketing and distribution of walleye pollock: past,current and future developments     

Masahito Hirota  Masamichi Kawano  Mizue Haga 《Fisheries Science》2014,80(2):219-226

In this paper, we examine the structure and change of the walleye pollock industry from a marketing and distribution perspective. Our focus is not only on industrial internationalisation, but also on local industry and community utilisation of walleye pollock. This is a subject of interest because its diverse utilisation has the potential to promote industrial management as well as the livelihood of local communities. We reason that Japan’s weakness in marketing, distribution and price setting of walleye pollock is largely due to its lack of competitiveness in the world market. Given the rapid decline of walleye pollock utilisation by local industry and society, it is of critical importance to take steps towards a long-term solution considering the rapid decline of walleye pollock use by our local industry and society. Our analysis indicates that Japan’s walleye pollock industry is inherently resilient, with diverse commodity chains, business flexibility and traditional food culture. However, as local industry and community have been reducing use of walleye pollock over time, there is a need to restore and reactivate the local society.  相似文献