Advanced maternal age induces fetal growth restriction through decreased placental inflammatory cytokine expression and immune cell accumulation in mice     

Yoshiki HIRATA  Yusuke KATSUKURA  Yuka HENMI  Ren OZAWA  Sayaka SHIMAZAKI  Akira KUROSAWA  Yasushi TORII  Hironori TAKAHASHI  Hisataka IWATA  Takehito KUWAYAMA  Koumei SHIRASUNA 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2021,67(4):257

Advanced maternal age is a risk factor for female infertility, and placental dysfunction is considered one of the causes of pregnancy complications. We investigated the effects of advanced maternal aging on pregnancy outcomes and placental senescence. Female pregnant mice were separated into three groups: young (3 months old), middle (8–9 months old), and aged (11–13 months old). Although the body weights of young and middle dams gradually increased during pregnancy, the body weight of aged dams only increased slightly. The placental weight and resorption rate were significantly higher, and live fetal weights were reduced in a maternal age-dependent manner. Although mRNA expression of senescence regulatory factors (p16 and p21) increased in the spleen of aged dams, mRNA expression of p16 did not change and that of p21 was reduced in the placenta of aged dams. Using a cytokine array of proteins extracted from placental tissues, the expression of various types of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors was decreased in aged dams compared with young and middle dams. The aged maternal placenta showed reduced immune cell accumulation compared with the young placenta. Our present results suggest that models using pregnant mice older than 8 months are more suitable for verifying older human pregnancies. These findings suggest that general cellular senescence programs may not be included in the placenta and that placental functions, including SASP production and immune cell accumulation, gradually decrease in a maternal age-dependent manner, resulting in a higher rate of pregnancy complications.  相似文献   

Aluminum toxicity of synthetic aluminum–humus complexes derived from non-allophanic and allophanic Andosols and its amelioration with allophanic materials     

Kiyoshi ITO  Tadashi TAKAHASHI  Masami NANZYO 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2009,55(1):35-41

Natural non-allophanic Andosols often show aluminum (Al) toxicity to Al-sensitive plant roots. The significance of Al–humus complexes to Al toxicity has been emphasized. Allophanic Andosols also possess Al–humus complexes, but they rarely show any toxicity. In the present study, using model substances, we tested the toxicity of Al–humus complexes and its amelioration with allophanic materials. We extracted humic substances from the A horizons of a non-allophanic Andosol and an allophanic Andosol using a NaOH solution, and reacted the humic substances and partially neutralized AlCl₃ solution at pH 4. Allophanic material was purified from commercial Kanuma pumice. Plant growth tests were conducted using a medium containing the Al–humus complexes (50 g kg⁻¹), the allophanic material (0, 90, 180 and 360 g kg⁻¹) and perlite. The root growth of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) and burdock ( Arctium lappa ) was reduced in the media containing the Al–humus complexes derived from both the non-allophanic and allophanic Andosols when the allophanic material was not added. With the addition of the allophanic materials, particularly in the 360 g kg⁻¹ treatment, the growth of the barley roots was improved markedly. Although the root growth of the burdock tended to improve with allophanic materials, the effect was weaker than that for barley. Monomeric Al in a solution of the medium was not detected (< 0.05 mg L⁻¹) following the addition of 360 g kg⁻¹ of allophanic materials, whereas 0.8–1.7 mg L⁻¹ Al was recorded without the allophanic material.  相似文献   

Potential of near infrared spectroscopy to determine the lipid content of untreated garbage compost     

Takayuki FUJIWARA  Keiichi MURAKAMI  Eiji YOSHIDA  Itaru TAKAHASHI 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2009,55(2):309-314

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the capability of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as a simple method to monitor the lipid content of garbage compost, which is a potential inhibitor of plant growth. We conducted a cultivation experiment with vegetable mock pak choy ( Brassica rapa L. Parachinensis Group) using two application rates of four garbage composts that differed in lipid content. The input of lipid from the compost to the field showed a significant negative correlation with germination rate and plant height in the initial growth stage. Reflectance spectra of untreated and freeze-dried and milled compost samples were taken using a scanning monochromator. Second-derivative spectra and multiple regression analysis were used to develop calibration equations for lipid and moisture contents. The calibration was carried out with the short wavelength region ([SWR] 800–1100 nm) and the long wavelength region ([LWR] 1100–2500 nm) separately. The calibration equations with the LWR were more accurate than those with the SWR for lipid and moisture determinations. The accuracies of the calibration equations for untreated samples were comparable to those for freeze-dried and milled samples. In conclusion, we suggest that the application rate of garbage compost can be determined by measuring the lipid content of untreated samples by NIRS.  相似文献   

CHARACTERIZATION OF CANINE FOCAL LIVER LESIONS WITH CONTRAST-ENHANCED ULTRASOUND USING A NOVEL CONTRAST AGENT—SONAZOID     

HIDEYUKI KANEMOTO  KOICHI OHNO  KO NAKASHIMA  MASASHI TAKAHASHI  YASUHITO FUJINO  RYOHEI NISHIMURA  HAJIME TSUJIMOTO 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2009,50(2):188-194

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound using Sonazoid, a novel contrast medium with a liver-specific Kupffer phase, was evaluated in canine focal liver lesions Twenty-five dogs with a liver mass were given intravenous Sonazoid, and the enhancement pattern in the arterial, portal, and parenchymal phase was characterized. An enhancement defect in the lesion in the parenchymal phase was observed in all malignant lesions, whereas only one of nine benign lesions had a filling defect. The diagnostic value of the presence of a filling defect for malignancy was statistically significant (100% sensitivity, 88.9% specificity, 94.1% positive predictive value, 100% negative predictive value), and was equal to that of hypoenhancement in the portal or delayed phase. The defect pattern (clear or irregular defect) was dependent ( P <0.05) on the types of malignancy (i.e., hepatocellular carcinoma and other types of malignancies). In the arterial phase, five of the six hepatocellular carcinomas had hypervascularity, whereas no other lesion was characterized by hypervascularity. In some dogs, additional lesions that could not be observed with conventional B-mode ultrasonography were detected in the parenchymal phase. The enhancement pattern of Sonazoid, especially in the parenchymal phase, has potential as a diagnostic tool for canine focal liver lesions.  相似文献   

Preliminary observation of growth‐promoting effects of alginate hydrolysates on juvenile Manila clams,Ruditapes philippinarum          下载免费PDF全文

Yasuhiro Yamasaki  Shigeru Taga  Masanobu Kishioka 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(4):1013-1017

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Effect of a Large Dose of Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) on Hepatic Peroxisome in Cynomolgus Monkeys (Macaca Fascicularis)     

Satake S  Nakamura C  Minamide Y  Kudo S  Maeda H  Chihaya Y  Kamimura Y  Miyajima H  Sasaki J  Goryo M  Okada K 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2010,23(2):75-83

To elucidate the effect of a large dose of di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a plasticizer and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) agonist, on hepatic peroxisomes, we orally administered 1,000 mg/kg/day, once daily, to 3 male and 4 female cynomolgus monkeys for 28 days consecutively. Light-microscopic and electron microscopic examinations of the liver were carried out in conjunction with measurement of the hepatic fatty acid β-oxidation system (FAOS), carnitine acetyltransferase (CAT) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) activities, which are peroxisomal and/or mitochondrial enzyme activities. Electron microscopically, enlargement of the mitochondria was observed with lamellar orientation of the cristae along the major axis. Although the number of peroxisomes showed a tendency to increase when compared with those in a biopsied specimen before treatment, no abnormality in morphology was observed. A slight increase in CPT activity was noted at termination. No changes were noted in hepatic FAOS or CAT activity. In conclusion, although repeated oral treatment of cynomolgus monkeys with a large dose of DEHP induced a subtle increase in the numbers of peroxisomes with slight enlargements of the mitochondria, this low-sensitivity response to peroxisome proliferators in cynomolgus monkeys was considered to be closer to the response in humans than that in rodents.  相似文献   

Fibrolipoma of a cryptorchid testis in a young bull     

Osawa T  Miura M  Yamagishi N  Kim D  Fukuda N  Fukuoka H  Sasaki J  Goryo M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(9):1253-1255

A six-month-old Japanese Black bull was found to have no left testis in the scrotum. A fist-sized mass was palpated per rectum. Two months later, hCG was injected and blood samples were collected before and after injection. No testosterone response to hCG was observed. On the cut surface of the excised mass, most of the mass was composed of homogeneous adipose-like tissue. The rest of the surface was composed of a well-circumscribed testicular parenchyma-like tissue (18 × 16 × 15 mm). Histology revealed diffusely distributed mature adipocytes and septa of fibrous connective tissue. Neither germ cells nor spermatozoa were observed in the seminiferous tubules. A diagnosis was made of fibrolipoma and aspermatogenesis of the left cryptorchid testis.  相似文献   

Cardiopulmonary function during supramaximal exercise in hypoxia,normoxia and hyperoxia in Thoroughbred horses     

Hajime OHMURA  Kazutaka MUKAI  Akira MATSUI  Toshiyuki TAKAHASHI  James H. JONES 《Journal of Equine Science》2020,31(4):67

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Squamous cell carcinoma in a digit of the hind limb with systemic metastasis in a 17-year-old female koala     

Mio KOBAYASHI  Toshinori YOSHIDA  Risako YAMASHITA  Ryo ICHIKAWA  Junta NAKAHARA  Kazuki NAKAMURA  Hiromu OKANO  Yasunori TAKAHASHI  Nanao ITO  Makoto SHIBUTANI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(6):994

We encountered a case of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in a 17-year-old female koala at a zoo. A fragile, papillary, elevated mass was found on the third digit of the right hind limb. SCC was identified histopathologically: squamous cell-like polygonal tumor cells showed a nest-like growth pattern with epidermal down growth, central keratinization and necrotic foci, and invaded dermal connective tissues. Metastatic lesions were observed in various organs, including the lung and axillary lymph node: in the lung, multiple metastatic foci similar to the primary lesion, and in the axillary lymph node, individual polygonal tumor cells infiltrated the sinusoids. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the tumor cells were positive for proliferating cell nuclear antigen, which exhibited 32–33% of labeling indices in the tumor cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a case of SCC in a digit of a koala.  相似文献   

Amide constituents of tobacco mosaic virus protein     

STEPKA W  TAKAHASHI WN 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1950,111(2877):176

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