Profile of bordered pit aspiration in Cryptomeria japonica using confocal laser scanning microscopy: pit aspiration and heartwood color     

Junji Matsumura  Yoko Yamasaki  Kazuyuki Oda  Yoshitake Fujisawa 《Journal of Wood Science》2005,51(4):328-333

Nine trees of Cryptomeria japonica from six elite tree clones with a broad range of heartwood colors were selected. The profiles of pit aspiration percentage (ASP) of earlywood and latewood from pith to bark for green and air-dry conditions were determined to study the relationship between heartwood color and pit aspiration. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) observations showed that the ASP of earlywood was low in sapwood and high in heartwood in the green condition. Pit aspiration increased in intermediate wood when compared with sapwood. On the other hand, latewood pits did not aspirate during heartwood formation. Comparing the air-dry condition with the green condition, sapwood pits aspirated during drying in both earlywood and latewood; however, there was no significant difference in pit aspiration of heartwood. There was no significant difference between samples with red and black heartwoods for ASP. The difference in ASP between individual trees was larger than that by heartwood color. The general advantage of CLSM over light microscopy is that serial optical sections along the Z axis can be obtained for any moisture condition, without the need for thin sectioning or embedding.  相似文献   

A membrane-anchored protein kinase involved in Brassica self-incompatibility signaling     

Murase K  Shiba H  Iwano M  Che FS  Watanabe M  Isogai A  Takayama S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,303(5663):1516-1519

Self-incompatibility (SI) response in Brassica is initiated by haplotype-specific interactions between the pollen-borne ligand S locus protein 11/SCR and its stigmatic S receptor kinase, SRK. This binding induces autophosphorylation of SRK, which is then thought to trigger a signaling cascade that leads to self-pollen rejection. A recessive mutation of the modifier (m) gene eliminates the SI response in stigma. Positional cloning of M has revealed that it encodes a membrane-anchored cytoplasmic serine/threonine protein kinase, designated M locus protein kinase (MLPK). Transient expression of MLPK restores the ability of mm papilla cells to reject self-pollen, suggesting that MLPK is a positive mediator of Brassica SI signaling.  相似文献   

Split luciferase complementation assay to detect regulated protein-protein interactions in rice protoplasts in a large-scale format     

Yukichi Fujikawa  Takahiro Nakanishi  Hiroko Kawakami  Kanako Yamasaki  Masa H Sato  Hiroyuki Tsuji  Makoto Matsuoka  Naohiro Kato 《Rice》2014,7(1):11

Background

The rice interactome, in which a network of protein-protein interactions has been elucidated in rice, is a useful resource to identify functional modules of rice signal transduction pathways. Protein-protein interactions occur in cells in two ways, constitutive and regulative. While a yeast-based high-throughput method has been widely used to identify the constitutive interactions, a method to detect the regulated interactions is rarely developed for a large-scale analysis.

Results

A split luciferase complementation assay was applied to detect the regulated interactions in rice. A transformation method of rice protoplasts in a 96-well plate was first established for a large-scale analysis. In addition, an antibody that specifically recognizes a carboxyl-terminal fragment of Renilla luciferase was newly developed. A pair of antibodies that recognize amino- and carboxyl- terminal fragments of Renilla luciferase, respectively, was then used to monitor quality and quantity of interacting recombinant-proteins accumulated in the cells. For a proof-of-concept, the method was applied to detect the gibberellin-dependent interaction between GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF1 and SLENDER RICE 1.

Conclusions

A method to detect regulated protein-protein interactions was developed towards establishment of the rice interactome.  相似文献   

Impact of a 5-year winter cover crop rotational system on the molecular diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonizing roots of subsequent soybean     

Masao Higo  Katsunori Isobe  Rhae A. Drijber  Takuya Kondo  Moe Yamaguchi  Saki Takeyama  Yasuhito Suzuki  Daisuke Niijima  Yukiya Matsuda  Ryuichi Ishii  Yoichi Torigoe 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2014,50(6):913-926

The impact of winter cover crops, specifically wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), and rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) or winter fallow, on community composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in subsequent soybean roots was investigated in a 5-year field trial on andosolic soils in Japan. Soybean roots were sampled at full-flowering and analyzed for AMF communities using a partial LSU rDNA region. Phylogenetic analysis detected 22 AMF phylotypes, including eight Glomus, three Gigaspora, two Scutellospora, three Acaulospora, two Rhizophagus, and one of Funneliformis, Diversispora, Paraglomus, and an unknown glomeromycete in the roots. The 5-year rotation of different winter cover crops or winter fallow did not impact the molecular diversity of AMF communities colonizing the roots of subsequent soybean. In all of the rotations, Glomus and Gigaspora phylotypes were common to soybean roots over the 5-year period. Redundancy analysis (RDA) demonstrated that AMF communities in the roots of subsequent soybean were not significantly different among winter cover crop rotations or fallow. However, AMF communities in soybean roots were clearly influenced by rotation year suggesting that climate or other environmental factors were more important than winter cover cropping system management.  相似文献   

Influence of Tithonia diversifolia and triple superphosphate on dissolution and effectiveness of phosphate rock in acidic soil     

Isaac Savini  Paul C. Smithson  Nancy K. Karanja  Hideo Yamasaki 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2006,169(5):593-604

An incubation and a pot experiment were conducted to evaluate the dissolution and agronomic effectiveness of a less reactive phosphate rock, Busumbu soft ore (BPR), in an Oxisol in Kenya. Resin (anion and anion + cation)‐extractable P and sequentially extracted P with 0.5 M NaHCO₃, 0.1 M NaOH, and 1 M HCl were analyzed. Dissolution was determined from the increase in anion resin (AER)–, NaHCO₃‐, and NaOH‐extractable P in soil amended with PR compared with the control soil. Where P was applied, resin P significantly increased above the no‐P treatment. Busumbu‐PR solubility was low and did not increase significantly in 16 weeks. Anion + cation (ACER)‐extractable P was generally greater than AER‐P. The difference was greater for PR than for triple superphosphate (TSP). The ACER extraction may be a better estimate of plant P availability, particularly when poorly soluble P sources are used. Addition of P fertilizers alone or in combination with Tithonia diversifolia (TSP, BPR, TSP + Tithonia, and BPR + Tithonia) increased the concentration of labile inorganic P pools (NaHCO₃‐ and NaOH‐P_i). Cumulative evolved CO₂ was significantly correlated with cumulative N mineralized from Tithonia (r, 0.51, p < 0.05). Decrease in pH caused NH ‐N accumulation while NO ‐N remained low where Tithonia was incorporated at all sampling times. However, when pH was increased, NH ‐N declined with a corresponding rise in NO ‐N. Tithonia significantly depressed soil exchangeable acidity relative to control with time. A significant increase (p < 0.05) was observed for P uptake but not dry‐mass production in maize where BPR was applied. The variations in yield and P uptake due to source and rates of application were statistically significant. At any given P rate, highest yields were obtained with Tithonia alone. Combination of Busumbu PR with TSP or Tithonia did not enhance the effectiveness of the PR. The poor dissolution and plant P uptake of BPR may be related to the high Fe content in the PR material.  相似文献   

In vitro safety assessments and antimicrobial activities of Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains isolated from a fermented mare's milk          下载免费PDF全文

Ni Putu Desy Aryantini  Eiki Yamasaki  Hisao Kurazono  I Nengah Sujaya  Tadasu Urashima  Kenji Fukuda 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(3):517-525

Safety and probiotic characteristics such as antimicrobial activities of three Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains, FSMM15, FSMM22 and FSMM26, previously isolated as potential probiotics from fermented mare's milk were investigated. The three FSMM strains were susceptible to ampicillin, gentamycin, kanamycin, streptomycin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol, whereas they were resistant to erythromycin (minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 4?8 µg/mL) and clindamycin (MIC = 4 µg/mL); bioconversion of bile salts, hemolytic activity and mucin degradation activity were negative; enzymatic activities of α‐chymotrypsin and β‐glucosidase were detected, but those of α‐galactosidase, β‐glucuronidase and N‐acetyl‐β‐glucosaminidase, were undetectable. Among the strains, strain FSMM15 was chosen as a safer probiotic candidate due mainly to the lack of plasminogen binding ability. Despite lower acid production of strain FSMM15 than others, its cell‐free culture supernatant inhibited growths of Salmonella Typhimurium LT‐2, Shigella sonnei , Listeria monocytogenes , and Escherichia coli O157 with comparable levels of ampicillin, suggesting a favorable aspect of strain FSMM15 as a probiotic strain.  相似文献   

Rapid semi-quantification of triacylglycerols,phosphatidylcholines, and free fatty acids in the rice bran of one grain     

Junko Nagamoto  Ai Sawazaki  Motonori Miyago  Bungo Shirouchi  Mitsukazu Sakata  Li-tao TONG  Toshihiro Kumamaru  Masao Sato 《农业科学学报》2018,17(5):977-981

We developed a microplate assay method for determining the contents of triacylglycerols(TAGs), phosphatidylcholines(PCs), and free fatty acids(FFAs) in the rice bran of one grain using enzymatic reactions. In this method, enzymes from commercially available kits were used. Optimum reaction conditions were established. It was found that Nonidet P-40 was the optimal among the three surfactants used(Triton X-100, Tween 40, and Nonidet P-40) when lipid was dissolved in a reaction solution. Using this method, it was possible to quantify TAGs, PCs, and FFAs in concentration ranges of 7–150, 5–70, and 8–200 mg L~(–1), respectively. Furthermore, when the TAG contents in the rice bran were measured, the values closely corresponded to those obtained by extracting from large amounts of rice bran. However, sufficient data on the PC and FFA contents in rice bran are not available for valid comparisons. Although this method can accurately quantify the TAG contents in the rice bran of one grain, the accuracy of the PC and FFA contents has not been verified. Hence, future study is necessary.  相似文献