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81.
The mechanical properties of 613 small clear specimens of 35 species (11 ring-porous hardwoods, 19 diffuse-porous hardwoods,
and 5 softwoods) were evaluated. The aim of the study was to examine indexes of wood quality that are easy to measure and
that exhibit a high correlation with bending performance and hardness that are essential properties of hardwood products.
The modulus of rigidity, dynamic modulus of elasticity, bending properties (modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, stress
at the proportional limit, absorbed energy, Tetmajer’s modulus), dynamic energy absorption by an impact bending test, compressive
strength parallel to the grain, shear strength, partial bearing strength, and Brinell’s hardness were measured. A high correlation
was found between dynamic modulus of elasticity and static modulus of elasticity. Bending stress at the proportional limit
was found to be approximately equivalent to the compressive strength parallel to the grain. Static energy absorption correlated
with dynamic energy absorption. Tetmajer’s modulus was found to be closely related to the ratio of the initial stiffness within
the elastic range to the secant modulus at the maximum load. A high correlation was observed between Brinell’s hardness and
partial bearing strength. The difference in the regression coefficients obtained for these correlations between the species
groups was small.
Part of this study was presented at the All Division 5 Conference of IUFRO, Taipei, October 2007 相似文献
82.
Molecular typing of Japanese strains of Ralstonia solanacearum in relation to the ability to induce a hypersensitive reaction in tobacco 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yingqin Liu Ayami Kanda Kazutaka Yano Akinori Kiba Yasufumi Hikichi Masataka Aino Akira Kawaguchi Sentaro Mizoguchi Kazuhiro Nakaho Hiroshi Shiomi Yuichi Takikawa Kouhei Ohnishi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2009,75(5):369-380
The genetic diversity of 120 Ralstonia solanacearum strains isolated from a variety of host plants across Japan was assessed on the basis of hypersensitive response (HR) in tobacco leaves and phylogenetic analyses of endoglucanase gene egl, hrpB, and gyrB. Phylogenetic analysis of egl revealed that only three strains belonged to phylotype IV, and 117 strains belonged to phylotype I. Partial sequences of HrpB were identical among phylotype I strains except for one strain. Analyses using the partial nucleotide sequences of the gyrB and egl gene fragments grouped phylotype I strains into 11 gyrB and 8 egl types, respectively, whereas analyses using the partial amino acid sequences of GyrB and Egl grouped phylotype I strains into 4 GyrB and 5 Egl types, respectively. Using multilocus sequence typing of GyrB and Egl, we identified 10 unique sequence types within the Japanese phylotype I strains. Strains belonging to the GyrB42 or GyrB66 type caused wilt in tobacco, and strains belonging to GyrB2 or GyrB9 type elicited HR, demonstrating that HR induction in tobacco is genetically differentiated in the Japanese strains of R. solanacearum. 相似文献
83.
Phylogenetic analyses of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria isolated from tomato,lettuce, and Japanese pepper plants in Hyogo Prefecture,Japan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tomohiro Kumatani Yukihiko Yoshimi Hitoshi Nakayashiki Masataka Aino 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2009,75(4):316-321
Approximately 30,000 fluorescent bacterial strains isolated from tomato, lettuce, eggplant, Chinese cabbage, and Japanese
pepper plants at seven different locations in Hyogo Prefecture, were screened for plant-growth-promoting (PGP) activity to
induce disease resistance against bacterial wilt in tomato. The 37 strains that had higher PGP activity were subjected to
molecular phylogenetic analyses using the sequences of the 16S rRNA, gyrB and rpoD genes. Most of the strains were identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens or its close relative, P. putida, while a few strains were grouped with more distantly related bacterial species such as Enterobacter and Stenotrophomonas. The phylogenetic relationships among tomato and lettuce isolates mostly coincided with the source locality and host plants,
with a few exceptions. In contrast, isolates from Japanese pepper plants did not form their own cluster but represented several
different bacterial species. 相似文献
84.
Mizukoshi F Maeda K Hamano M Iwata H Matsumura T Kondo T Sugiura T 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2002,88(1-2):97-101
In this study, IgG subclass responses against equine herpesvirus type 4 (EHV-4) were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a type-specific region of EHV-4 glycoprotein G (gG). ELISA using sera collected from horses experimentally infected with EHV-4 revealed that IgGa and IgGb antibodies were detected at high level, but IgGc and IgG(T) antibody responses were detected at low level or were undetectable. The IgGa antibody response reached its peak on day 10 post-infection, and then dropped. The IgGb antibody response reached its maximum level on day 12 post-infection, and then the level was sustained during at least 28 days after infection. Forty healthy racehorses that had already been infected with EHV-4 possessed antibody against EHV-4. Although IgGa antibodies specific for EHV-4 were not detected in any horses, IgGb antibodies were detected and the levels correlated with total IgG antibodies against EHV-4 gG. The results suggest that EHV-4-specific IgGa and IgGb antibodies are induced in EHV-4-infected horses, and that IgGb antibody, but not IgGa, is long lasting. 相似文献
85.
An afterimage induced by prior adaptation to a visual stimulus is believed to be due to bleaching of photochemical pigments or neural adaptation in the retina. We report a type of afterimage that appears to require cortical adaptation. Fixating a neon-color spreading configuration led not only to negative afterimages corresponding to the inducers (local afterimages), but also to one corresponding to the perceptually filled-in surface during adaptation (global afterimage). These afterimages were mutually exclusive, undergoing monocular rivalry. The strength of the global afterimage correlated to a greater extent with perceptual filling-in during adaptation than with the strength of the local afterimages. Thus, global afterimages are not merely by-products of local afterimages, but involve adaptation at a cortical representation of surface. 相似文献
86.
Hideo Imai Masataka Fukuyama Yoshio Yamada Togoro Harada 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(1):61-71
1) CO2 compensation points of the plants tested correlate well with the leaf anatomy. Low CO2 compensation plants had well-developed VBS containing large and specialized chloroplasts but no plant with a high CO2 compensation point possessed chloroplasts in the VBS. 2) CO2 Compensation Points Closely Correlated With The Major Carboxylation Pathway In Photosynthesis. Low Compensation Plants Fixed CO2 Via The C-4 Pathway (C-4 Plants) While High Compensation Plants Carried Out CO2 Fixation By The Calvin Cycle (C-3 Plants). 3) Close correlations could be established for the CO2 compensation point, the major carboxylation pathway, and glycolate oxidase activity. Glycolate oxidase activity was much higher in C-3 plants than in C-4 plants. On the other hand, dark respiration in C-4 plants was higher than that in C-3 plants. 4) TCA cycle activity in detached leaves was not inhibited to any large extent by illumination. In C-3 plants, the release of 14CO2 from alanine-1-14C increased with an increase in the ambient O2 concentration; whereas, radioactivity in the sugar fraction was quite small at all O2 concentrations. In C-4 plants the release of 14CO2 was little affected by the ambient O2 concentration while sugar formation was stimulated at high O2 concentrations. This indicates that in C-3 plants CO2 fixation is blocked at a high O2 concentration, therefore, internal 14CO2 is released from the leaf without being refixed, but in C-4 plants internal 14CO2 can be efficiently refixed and metabolized to sugar by a combination of active PEP carboxylase and the ‘Kranz type’ of leaf anatomy. 相似文献
87.
Hiroshi Oikawa Tsuneo Fujita Ken Saito Masataka Satomi Yutaka Yano 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(2):395-403
ABSTRACT: The difference in paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxin accumulation in the crabs Telmessus acutidens and Charybdis japonica was investigated at Onahama, Fukushima Prefecture, from 2002 to 2005. The level of toxin accumulation in the hepatopancreas of T. acutidens corresponded to that of mussels when examined on a yearly basis. In 2003, some crabs had a high toxicity of approximately 1000 MU, which compares to one-third of the human minimum lethal dose. Therefore T. acutidens should be monitored as a vector species of PSP toxin. The toxin profile of T. acutidens was also investigated. Because an increase in highly toxic species of PSP toxins with a decrease in low toxic species, such as N -sulfocarbamoyl-11-hydroxysulfate toxins, was not clearly observed between consecutive samples, toxin transformation in T. acutidens was considered to have a minimal impact on toxicity. PSP toxins were also detected in several specimens of C. japonica , but the highest toxicity was only 7.4 MU/g in the hepatopancreas. Because C. japonica is widely distributed in the coastal waters of Japan, investigation of toxin accumulation in the crab should be continued, including its investigation in different areas of water from Onahama, where the causative dinoflagellates of PSP occur in different conditions. 相似文献
88.
Characterization and distribution of Staphylococcus sp. implicated for improvement of fish sauce odor 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Katsuya FUKAMI Masataka SATOMI Yasuhiro FUNATSU Ken-Ichi KAWASAKI Shugo WATABE 《Fisheries Science》2004,70(5):916-923
ABSTRACT: The two Staphylococcus strains that had been isolated from fish sauce mush (moromi) made from frigate mackerel in Japan and proved to improve fish sauce odor, were examined for their taxonomic positions. The sequence analysis based on 16S rRNA and rpoB showed that the two strains, R4Nu and R5G, had an identical sequence with sequence identities of 99.5% and 99.0% to the above two genes from the closest species of S. nepalensis , respectively. A DNA hybridization test of the two strains showed more than 80% DNA similarity with S. nepalensis , thus confirming the above-mentioned species identification. Polymerase chain reaction primers specific to the strain isolated from fish sauce mush were designed from rpoB and examined for the distribution of this species to various fish sauces made in Asian countries as well as to fish sauce starter (malt) made from soy beans and barley in Toyama Prefecture, Japan. The amplified DNA fragment bearing the S. nepalensis gene was detected in the enriched culture of the malt, although no positive reaction was shown with fish sauce samples. These results suggest that S. nepalensis indebted to improve fish sauce odor was originated from the fish sauce starter malt. 相似文献
89.
Continuous plasma outflows from the edge of a solar active region as a possible source of solar wind
Sakao T Kano R Narukage N Kotoku J Bando T Deluca EE Lundquist LL Tsuneta S Harra LK Katsukawa Y Kubo M Hara H Matsuzaki K Shimojo M Bookbinder JA Golub L Korreck KE Su Y Shibasaki K Shimizu T Nakatani I 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,318(5856):1585-1588
The Sun continuously expels a huge amount of ionized material into interplanetary space as the solar wind. Despite its influence on the heliospheric environment, the origin of the solar wind has yet to be well identified. In this paper, we report Hinode X-ray Telescope observations of a solar active region. At the edge of the active region, located adjacent to a coronal hole, a pattern of continuous outflow of soft-x-ray-emitting plasmas was identified emanating along apparently open magnetic field lines and into the upper corona. Estimates of temperature and density for the outflowing plasmas suggest a mass loss rate that amounts to approximately 1/4 of the total mass loss rate of the solar wind. These outflows may be indicative of one of the solar wind sources at the Sun. 相似文献
90.
Ayumi Furutani Hisashi Matsubara Satoru Ishikawa Masataka Satomi 《Fisheries Science》2013,79(4):725-733
To study the behavior of histamine-producing bacteria during the processing and storage of shimesaba, we inoculated histamine-producing bacteria into raw mackerel and then evaluated bacterial counts and histamine content at each shimesaba processing step. Six histamine-producing bacteria—Morganella morganii, Enterobacter aerogenes, Raoultella planticola, Photobacterium damselae (2 strains), and Photobacterium phosphoreum—were inoculated onto the surface of mackerel fillets at various cell densities (no inoculation, 104, and 107 cfu ml?1). The fillets were then treated according to the common procedure used for processing shimesaba. The concentration of NaCl in brine during the salting procedure was 10 % (w/v), and the main ingredients of the marinade broth were 27 % vinegar, 3.8 % sucrose, 0.3 % sodium glutamate, and 0.1 % sodium succinate. The level of histamine-producing bacteria and of histamine did not increase during the salting and marinating procedures. However, during the storage tests, histamine content increased remarkably in the shimesaba products stored at 10 °C for 3 days, and organoleptical degradation was also observed. However, significant deterioration, based on bacterial count, histamine content, and organoleptic evaluation, was not observed in samples stored at 5 °C. These results indicate that the use of traditional marinade broth during the processing of shimesaba and storage below 5 °C are effective methods for preventing histamine accumulation. 相似文献