The Medicago truncatula–Mycosphaerella pinodes interaction: a new pathosystem for dissecting fungal-suppressor-mediated disease susceptibility in plants     

Kazuhiro Toyoda  Satoko Ikeda  Jun-ichi Morikawa  Masaya Hirose  Aya Maeda  Tomoko Suzuki  Yoshishige Inagaki  Yuki Ichinose  Tomonori Shiraishi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2013,79(1):1-11

  相似文献   

Quantification of carotenoids in citrus fruit by LC-MS and comparison of patterns of seasonal changes for carotenoids among citrus varieties     

Matsumoto H  Ikoma Y  Kato M  Kuniga T  Nakajima N  Yoshida T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(6):2356-2368

To quantify the 18 carotenoids on the basic routes of the carotenoid biosynthesis in plants simultaneously, a method for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization was developed. With this method, the seasonal changes of carotenoids in the flavedo and juice sacs of 39 citrus varieties were analyzed. On the basis of the patterns of seasonal changes of carotenoids in both flavedo and juice sacs, 39 citrus varieties were classified. In flavedo, 39 varieties were classified into 5 clusters, in which the carotenoid profiles were carotenoid-poor, phytoene-abundant, violaxanthin-abundant, violaxanthin- and beta-cryptoxanthin-abundant, and phytoene-, violaxanthin-, and beta-cryptoxanthin-abundant, respectively. In juice sacs, they were classified into 4 clusters, in which the carotenoid profiles were carotenoid-poor, violaxanthin-abundant, violaxanthin- and phytoene-abundant, and violaxanthin-, phytoene-, and beta-cryptoxanthin-abundant, respectively. In flavedo, many citrus varieties, except for the carotenoid-poor and phytoene-abundant varieties, massively accumulated beta,epsilon-carotenoids (e.g., lutein), beta,beta-carotenoids (e.g., beta-cryptoxanthin and violaxanthin), and phytoene, in that order. In juice sacs, the accumulation order among beta,beta-carotenoids was observed. Violaxanthin accumulation preceded beta-cryptoxanthin accumulation in violaxanthin-, phytoene-, and beta-cryptoxanthin-abundant varieties. In each variety, the carotenoid profiles of the flavedo and juice sacs on the basis of the concentration in violaxanthin and beta-cryptoxanthin were similar, with the exception of a few varieties.  相似文献   

Mapping and use of QTLs controlling pod dehiscence in soybean     

Hideyuki Funatsuki  Makita Hajika  Tetsuya Yamada  Masaya Suzuki  Seiji Hagihara  Yoshinori Tanaka  Shohei Fujita  Masao Ishimoto  Kaien Fujino 《Breeding Science》2012,61(5):554-558

While the cultivated soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., is more recalcitrant to pod dehiscence (shattering-resistant) than wild soybean, Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucc., there is also significant genetic variation in shattering resistance among cultivated soybean cultivars. To reveal the genetic basis and develop DNA markers for pod dehiscence, several research groups have conducted quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis using segregated populations derived from crosses between G. max accessions or between a G. max and G. soja accession. In the populations of G. max, a major QTL was repeatedly identified near SSR marker Sat_366 on linkage group J (chromosome 16). Minor QTLs were also detected in several studies, although less commonality was found for the magnitudes of effect and location. In G. max × G. soja populations, only QTLs with a relatively small effect were detected. The major QTL found in G. max was further fine-mapped, leading to the development of specific markers for the shattering resistance allele at this locus. The markers were used in a breeding program, resulting in the production of near-isogenic lines with shattering resistance and genetic backgrounds of Japanese elite cultivars. The markers and lines developed will hopefully contribute to the rapid production of a variety of shattering-resistant soybean cultivars.  相似文献   

Suppression of aging in mice by the hormone Klotho     

Kurosu H  Yamamoto M  Clark JD  Pastor JV  Nandi A  Gurnani P  McGuinness OP  Chikuda H  Yamaguchi M  Kawaguchi H  Shimomura I  Takayama Y  Herz J  Kahn CR  Rosenblatt KP  Kuro-o M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,309(5742):1829-1833

A defect in Klotho gene expression in mice accelerates the degeneration of multiple age-sensitive traits. Here, we show that overexpression of Klotho in mice extends life span. Klotho protein functions as a circulating hormone that binds to a cell-surface receptor and represses intracellular signals of insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for extending life span. Alleviation of aging-like phenotypes in Klotho-deficient mice was observed by perturbing insulin and IGF1 signaling, suggesting that Klotho-mediated inhibition of insulin and IGF1 signaling contributes to its anti-aging properties. Klotho protein may function as an anti-aging hormone in mammals.  相似文献   

The effects of concentrations of lysine in media on differentiation of 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes     

Takahito KYOYA  Aiko ISHIDA  Kazuki NAKASHIMA  Ikuyo NAKAJIMA  Atsushi TOYODA  Yutaka NAKAMURA  Masaya KATSUMATA 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(4):565-570

Intramuscular fat content is increased by feeding of low lysine diets in pigs. Reduction in dietary lysine intake results in low plasma lysine concentration and low cytosolic lysine concentration in skeletal muscles. From these observations, we hypothesized that low plasma lysine concentration in pigs fed on low lysine diets reduced supply of lysine from blood circulation to preadipocytes, and this limited supply of lysine might promote adipocyte differentiation in porcine muscles. In order to verify the hypothesis, we investigated the effects of low concentrations of lysine in culture medium on differentiation of 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes. Low concentration of lysine suppressed lipid accumulation and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and enzyme activity of fatty acid synthase. mRNA expressions of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) were lower in cells cultured in low lysine medium. On the other hand, mRNA and protein expressions of C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ were not inhibited by low concentrations of lysine in culture medium. These results indicate that low lysine concentrations in culture medium inhibit differentiation of 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes through inhibiting the mRNA expressions of PPARγ and C/EBPα.  相似文献   

Distribution of photoperiod-insensitive alleles Ppd-B1a and Ppd-D1a and their effect on heading time in Japanese wheat cultivars     

Masako Seki  Makiko Chono  Hitoshi Matsunaka  Masaya Fujita  Shunsuke Oda  Katashi Kubo  Chikako Kiribuchi-Otobe  Hisayo Kojima  Hidetaka Nishida  Kenji Kato 《Breeding Science》2011,61(4):405-412

The genotypes of photoperiod response genes Ppd-B1 and Ppd-D1 in Japanese wheat cultivars were determined by a PCR-based method, and heading times were compared among genotypes. Most of the Japanese wheat cultivars, except those from the Hokkaido region, carried the photoperiod-insensitive allele Ppd-D1a, and heading was accelerated 10.3 days compared with the Ppd-D1b genotype. Early cultivars with Ppd-D1a may have been selected to avoid damage from preharvest rain. In the Hokkaido region, Ppd-D1a frequency was lower and heading date was late regardless of Ppd-D1 genotype, suggesting another genetic mechanism for late heading in Hokkaido cultivars. In this study, only 11 cultivars proved to carry Ppd-B1a, and all of them carried another photoperiod-insensitive allele, Ppd-D1a. The Ppd-B1a/Ppd-D1a genotype headed 6.7 days earlier than the Ppd-B1b/Ppd-D1a genotype, indicating a significant effect of Ppd-B1a in the genetic background with Ppd-D1a. Early-maturity breeding in Japan is believed to be accelerated by the introduction of the Ppd-B1a allele into medium-heading cultivars carrying Ppd-D1a. Pedigree analysis showed that Ppd-B1a in three extra-early commercial cultivars was inherited from ‘Shiroboro 21’ by early-heading Chugoku lines bred at the Chugoku Agriculture Experimental Station.  相似文献   

Mineralization and microbial biomass formation in upland soil amended with some tropical plant residues at different temperatures     

Abul Kalam Mohammad Azmal  Takuya Marumoto  Haruo Shindo  Masaya Nishiyama 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):463-473

A model experiment was carried out at 15, 25, and 35°C to investigate the changes in microbial biomass and the pattern of mineralization in upland soil during 8 weeks following the addition of 8 organic materials including 6 tropical plant residues, ipil ipil (Leucaena leucocephala), azolla (Azolla pinnata), water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), dhaincha (Sesbania rostrata), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), and sunhemp (Crotalaria juncea). The amounts of CO₂-C evolved and inorganic N produced at 35°C were about 2 times larger than those at 15°C. At any temperature, the flush decomposition of C was observed within the first week and thereafter the rate of mineralization became relatively slow. A negative correlation was observed between inorganic N and C/N ratios of the added organic materials. The relationships between the amounts of cellulose or cellulose plus hemicellulose and the amount of mineralized N of the added organic materials were also negative.

The changes in the microbial biomass were affected by temperatures. The amount of biomass C and N was maximum after 42 d of incubation at 15°C, and after 7 d at 25 and 35°C, and thereafter decreased. The rate of biomass decline was slower at 15°C and faster at 35°C than at 25°C. Regardless of the temperatures, the addition of organic materials enhanced microbial biomass formation throughout the incubation periods.  相似文献   

Contents of heavy metal elements in copper mosses: Scopelophila ligulata,Scopelophila cataractae,and Mielichhoferia japonica and their substrates     

Yoshio Aikawa  Iwao Nagano  Shunjiro Sakamoto  Masaya Nishiyama  Satoshi Matsumoto 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):835-842

Scopelophila ligulata (Spruce) Spruce, S. cataractae (Mitt.) Broth., and Mielichhoferia japonica Besch. (Mielichhoferia mielichhoferi (Hook.) Wijk et Marg. var. japonica (Besch.) Wijk et Marg.) are well known “copper mossess” which show peculiar ecological characteristics consisting of a preference for metal-rich soils, lithosols, rocks, etc. as their substrates. The total and water-soluble element contents in the substrates and heavy metal contents in the moss body were analyzed in this study. The results of these chemical analyses were as follows: The iron contents in the moss body and substrate of S. ligulata were higher than those of S. cataractae and M. japonica. On the contrary the copper contents of the former were lower than those of the latter. The pH values of substrate of S. ligulata were lower than those of S. cataractae and M. japonica. The concentrations of water-soluble iron and sulfate in the substrate of S. ligulata were higher than those of S. cataractae and M. japonica. On the contrary, the water-soluble copper concentrations in the substrate of S. ligulata were lower than those of the others. Although in the substrate of S. cataractae the iron content was several times higher than the copper content, in the moss body the copper content was higher than iron content.  相似文献   

Changes of Tight Junction Protein Claudins in Small Intestine and Kidney Tissues of Mice Fed a DDC Diet     

Yukie Abiko  Takashi Kojima  Masaki Murata  Mitsuhiro Tsujiwaki  Masaya Takeuchi  Norimasa Sawada  Michio Mori 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2013,26(4):433-438

DDC (3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine)-fed mice are widely used as a model for cholestatic liver disease. We examined the expression of tight junction protein claudin subspecies by immunofluorescent histochemistry in small intestine and kidney tissues of mice fed a DDC diet for 12 weeks. In the small intestine, decreases in claudin-3, claudin-7 and claudin-15 were observed in villous epithelial cells corresponding to the severity of histological changes while leaving the abundance of these claudin subspecies unchanged in crypt cells. Nevertheless, the proliferative activity of intestinal crypt cells measured by immunohistochemistry for Ki-67 decreased in the mice fed the DDC diet compared with that of control mice. These results suggest the possibility that DDC feeding affects the barrier function of villous epithelial cells and thus inhibits the proliferative activity of crypt epithelial cells. On the other hand, in the kidney, remarkable changes were found in the subcellular localization of claudin subspecies in a segment-specific manner, although histological changes of renal epithelial cells were quite minimal. These results indicate that immunohistochemistry for claudin subspecies can serve as a useful tool for detecting minute functional alterations of intestinal and renal epithelial cells.  相似文献   

Recent progress in bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer     

Satoshi Akagi  Masaya Geshi  Takashi Nagai 《Animal Science Journal》2013,84(3):191-199

Bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos can develop to the blastocyst stage at a rate similar to that of embryos produced by in vitro fertilization. However, the full‐term developmental rate of SCNT embryos is very low, owing to the high embryonic and fetal losses after embryo transfer. In addition, increased birth weight and postnatal mortality are observed at high rates in cloned calves. The low efficiency of SCNT is probably attributed to incomplete reprogramming of the donor nucleus and most of the developmental problems of clones are thought to be caused by epigenetic defects. Applications of SCNT will depend on improvement in the efficiency of production of healthy cloned calves. In this review, we discuss problems and recent progress in bovine SCNT.  相似文献