Nonsurgical management of type II fractures of the distal phalanx in 48 Standardbred horses     

CB O''SULLIVAN  AJ DART  N MALIKIDES  RJ RAWLINSON  DR HUTCHINS  DR HODGSON 《Australian veterinary journal》1999,77(8):501-503

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate nonsurgical management of type II fractures of the distal phalanx in Standardbred horses. DESIGN: Retrospective study of 48 affected horses. RESULTS: Most fractures occurred on the lateral palmar process of the left forelimb or the medial palmar process of the right forelimb; 81% of horses were considered sound enough to return to training and 63% raced. Of those returning to racing, 41% competed in > 10 races, 37% in 2 to 10 races and 22% in only 1 race. There was no difference in performance before and after fracture. Twenty-four of 25 horses had a bar shoe fitted for > 50% of the treatment phase. Of those horses returning to training without a bar shoe, 89% refractured at the same site. Sixty percent of horses returning to training with a bar shoe raced successfully. The total convalescent time, the time rested in a box and the time spelled in a paddock were similar for horses returning to racing and those that did not. The age of the horse had no effect on the ability to return to racing. CONCLUSION: The prognosis for type II fractures of the distal phalanx is guarded. It is advisable to fit a bar shoe on the horse during convalescence. Horses returning to training and racing with a bar shoe appear less likely to refracture the distal phalanx. Those horses that return to racing can perform at a level similar to that prior to fracture.  相似文献   

Distribution of thiobacillus ferrooxidans and leptospirillum ferrooxidans: implications for generation of acid mine drainage   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

MO Schrenk  KJ Edwards  RM Goodman  RJ Hamers  JF Banfield 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,279(5356):1519-1522

Although Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Leptospirillum ferrooxidans are widely considered to be the microorganisms that control the rate of generation of acid mine drainage, little is known about their natural distribution and abundance. Fluorescence in situ hybridization studies showed that at Iron Mountain, California, T. ferrooxidans occurs in peripheral slime-based communities (at pH over 1.3 and temperature under 30 degreesC) but not in important subsurface acid-forming environments (pH 0.3 to 0.7, temperature 30 degrees to 50 degreesC). Leptospirillum ferrooxidans is abundant in slimes and as a planktonic organism in environments with lower pH. Thiobacillus ferrooxidans affects the precipitation of ferric iron solids but plays a limited role in acid generation, and neither species controls direct catalysis at low pH at this site.  相似文献   

Design and fabrication of topologically complex, three-dimensional microstructures     

RJ Jackman  ST Brittain  A Adams  MG Prentiss  GM Whitesides 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,280(5372):2089-2091

Two concepts for use in the fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) microstructures with complex topologies are described. Both routes begin with a two-dimensional (2D) pattern and transform it into a 3D microstructure. The concepts are illustrated by use of soft lithographic techniques to transfer 2D patterns to cylindrical (pseudo-3D) substrates. Subsequent steps-application of uniaxial strain, connection of patterns on intersecting surfaces-transform these patterns into free-standing, 3D, noncylindrically symmetrical microstructures. Microelectrodeposition provides an additive method that strengthens thin metal designs produced by patterning, welds nonconnected structures, and enables the high-strain deformations required in one method to be carried out successfully.  相似文献   

Experimental evidence of the effects of a changed matrix on conserving biodiversity within patches of native forest in an industrial plantation landscape     

David B. Lindenmayer  Jeff T. Wood  Ross B. Cunningham  Mason Crane  Christopher Macgregor  Damian Michael  Rebecca Montague-Drake 《Landscape Ecology》2009,24(8):1091-1103

We implemented a replicated before-after-control-impact (BACI) experiment to quantify vertebrate response in native forest patches to a major change in the surrounding exotic Radiata Pine (Pinus radiata) plantation. We contrasted vertebrate occupancy of patches of native eucalypt forest where the surrounding stands of exotic Radiata Pine (Pinus radiata) were clearfelled (termed “treatment patches”) with matched “control patches” where surrounding pine stands remained unlogged. Different species of arboreal marsupials varied in their response to our experimental treatments. The Common Ringtail Possum was unaffected by cutting of the surrounding pine stands, whereas all sightings of the Mountain Brushtail Possum were in control patches. For birds, species richness was significantly reduced by 4–9 species in treatment patches. Birds with cup and dome nests were those negatively affected by the cutting of the surrounding pine stands. They may be susceptible to altered microclimatic conditions or increasing levels of nest predation when the surrounding pine matrix is clearfelled. Our study emphasized how the biota inhabiting retained patches of native forest within plantation landscapes can be changed when stands of surrounding Radiata Pine are clearfelled. In the case of birds, more species will be maintained within eucalypt patches if logging is scheduled so that not all the surrounding pine plantation is clearfelled at once.  相似文献   

The status of the otter (Lutra lutra L.) in Norfolk     

S. Macdonald  C.F. Mason 《Biological conservation》1976,9(2):119-124

The county of Norfolk was surveyed for otters between December 1974 and June 1975 inclusive. Only 32 sites out of a total of 233 sites visited had signs of otters and a further 8 records were received. A total population of 17 pairs was estimated, considerably below the carrying capacity of the area.  相似文献   

Determining baseline toxicity of ozone against an insecticide‐susceptible strain of the common bed bug,Cimex lectularius L. under laboratory conditions     

James Feston  Sudip Gaire  Mahsa Fardisi  Linda J Mason  Ameya D Gondhalekar 《Pest management science》2020,76(9):3108-3116

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Ergonomic analysis of New York apple harvest work using a Posture-Activities-Tools-Handling (PATH) work sampling approach     

Earle-Richardson G  Fulmer S  Jenkins P  Mason C  Bresee C  May J 《Journal of agricultural safety and health》2004,10(3):163-176

Although back, neck, and shoulder strains are common among migrant and seasonal orchard workers, little data currently exist regarding the ergonomic factors contributing to this problem. We adapted Posture-Activities-Tools-Handling (PATH) instruments and methods for ergonomic job analysis of apple harvest work in three New York orchards, and used the resulting protocol to quantify hazardous activities, loads, and postures. Using a prototype developed previously, we trained twelve contract orchard observers with classroom training and supervised orchard practice. The PATH data were then collected on 14 orchard workers over four days (2,900 observations). Mean coefficients of variation ranged from a low of 0.212 (standing leg neutral) to a high of 0.603 (trunk moderate flexion). Most frequently observed activities were: picking (62.9%), placing and moving apples in the bag (8. 7%), and walking (8.1%). Weight bearing (>10 lb, >4.54 kg) was observed 78.5% of the time throughout a range of activities. Apple harvest work is comparable with other ergonomically high-risk occupations. Future research should focus on low-cost interventions that reduce load and awkward postures.  相似文献   

A deletion truncating the gonadotropin-releasing hormone gene is responsible for hypogonadism in the hpg mouse   总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20  

A J Mason  J S Hayflick  R T Zoeller  W S Young  H S Phillips  K Nikolics  P H Seeburg 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1986,234(4782):1366-1371

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