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31.
Zeba H. Khan M. Masroor A. Khan Tariq Aftab M. Idrees M. Naeem 《Frontiers of Agriculture in China》2011,5(1):122-127
Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.), an important medicinal plant, produces several opiate alkaloids including morphine, thebaine, codeine, papaverine and
noscapine. Polysaccharides, such as sodium alginate, have been used in depolymerized form as wonderful promoters of plant
growth. The present study has revealed that application of alginate oligosaccharides (AO), obtained from sodium alginate irradiated
by Co-60 gamma rays, significantly enhances certain physiological/biochemical parameters as well as the overall growth of
opium poppy. The highest dose applied was the most effective in increasing the morphine and codeine contents as well as the
overall yield of crude opium per plant. 相似文献
32.
Tariq Aftab M. Masroor A. Khan Mohd. Idrees M. Naeem Moinuddin 《Frontiers of Agriculture in China》2011,5(1):51-59
Artemisia annua L. is an aromatic-antibacterial herb that destroys malarial parasites, lowers fever, and checks bleeding, and from which
the secondary compound of interest is artemisinin. It has become increasingly popular as an effective and safe alternative
therapy against malaria, and its derivatives are effective against multidrug resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains. Nitrogen is required by the plants in the largest quantity and is most limiting where biomass production is desired.
On the other hand, gibberellic acid plays an important role in flowering, growth, and development and also in other physiological
and biochemical processes. The feasibility of foliar GA3 (75 mg·L−1) alone or with varying levels of soil applied nitrogen (40, 80, and 120 mg·kg−1 soil) was tested on A. annua in the present study. The application of GA3 proved effective in alleviating the growth, photosynthesis, and enzyme activities of A. annua. However, N levels combined with GA3 showed better responses, and further improvement in these parameters was observed. Furthermore, the most important task we
were interested in was to increase the artemisinin content and its yield on a per plant basis. The N combination (80 mg·kg−1 soil) together with GA3 augmented the content (21.8% more) and yield (55.8% more); this is true for both the treated plants, which were more than
the control. 相似文献
33.
Tariq Aftab M. Masroor A. Khan Mohd. Idrees M. Naeem Moinuddin 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2010,13(3):183-188
Plant secondary metabolites constitute the most important class of natural products with diverse and valuable chemical properties
and biological activities. Artemisinin, isolated from Artemisia annua L., is potentially a drug that could be effective against multidrug-resistant strains of the malarial parasite, Plasmodium. Salicylic acid (SA) acts as a potential plant growth regulator and plays an important role in regulating a number of plant
physiological and biochemical processes. The present study was conducted to assess the alterations in plant growth, photosynthetic
capacity, enzyme activities, and content and yield of artemisinin in Artemisia annua L. in response to foliar application of SA. Four levels of SA (0.00, 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 mM SA) were applied on the aboveground
plant parts. Plant height and dry weight were altered significantly as the level of SA increased. Besides, application of
SA positively improved chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. Furthermore, significant enhancement in net photosynthetic rate
(31.7%) and the activity of nitrate reductase (17.2%) and carbonic anhydrase (10.9%) was noticed as the level of SA was increased
from 0.00 to 1.00 mM SA. Most importantly, the content and yield of artemisinin was positively regulated by the SA. In comparison
to no SA application (control), SA at 1.00 mM increased the content and yield of artemisinin by 25.8 and 50.0%, respectively. 相似文献
34.
The role of the leaves of Robinia pseudoacacia L., which is widely distributed in the arid lands, on improving soil physical and chemical properties was analyzed at various incubation periods. The incubated soils added with 0, 25, 50 and 75 g Robinia pseudoacacia leaves were tested after consecutive incubation intervals of 6, 8 and 10 months and the different soil parameters were measured. The results showed the increases in organic matter (OM), extractable K, cation exchange capacity (CEC), aggregate stability and water holding capacity, but the decreases in pH value and bulk density after 6 months’ incubation. The gradual decrease in change rates of soil properties indicated less microbial population and organic residual mineralization under acidic conditions, which were resulted from fast decomposition of leaves after the first 6 months incubation. The increases in soil organic matter content, extractable K, CEC, aggregate stability and water holding capacity and the decreases in soil pH and bulk density provide favorable conditions for crop’s growth. 相似文献
35.
Muhammad N. Sattar Muhammad Javed Syed B. Hussain Muhammad Babar Peng W. Chee Zafar Iqbal Muhammad Munir Sallah A. Al-Hashedi 《Plant Breeding》2023,142(2):247-257
Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) is a major threat to cotton production in Asia and Africa. Using marker-assisted breeding can be the best sustainable approach to tackle CLCuD. Identification of new QTLs in the indigenous cotton germplasm is necessary to combat CLCuD. The current study was designed to construct a genetic linkage map of bi-parental F2:F3 populations developed from highly tolerant MNH-886 and highly susceptible S-12 cotton cultivars. One hundred seven CLCuD-associated simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker alleles were identified as polymorphic and three new QTLs were found on chromosomes C11, C19 and C21. Two QTLs on chromosomes C11 and C19 were detected in both F2 and F3 populations in the region flanked by SSR markers CIR316 and BNL4094, and BNL285 and BNL3348, respectively. Whereas, one QTL on chromosome C21 was detected in the region flanked by SSR markers JESPR158 and JESPR135 in both F2 and F3 generations. The CLCuD-associated QTLs identified in this study can help fine-tune the molecular mapping of the QTLs on the cotton genome against CLCuD. 相似文献
36.
Hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus L.) serves as a good source of vegetable proteins in human diet, and its seeds and pods contain as much as 20–28% protein. The bean contains tyrosinase enzyme, which has potential use for the treatment of hypertension. However, plant biological yield appears to be comparatively low in Aligarh soil in this region of India (Western Uttar Pradesh). A hypothesis was designed to address whether foliar application of triacontanol (TRIA) could enhance the crop productivity as well as crop quality. TRIA is known to be a potent plant growth promoting substance for many agricultural and horticultural crops. The hyacinth bean plants grown in soil containing pots, were sprayed with five concentrations of TRIA (10−0 (Control), 10−8, 10−7, 10−6 and 10−5 M) at 15-day intervals. The plant fresh and dry weights, leaf-area, number and dry weight of nodules per plant, total chlorophyll and carotenoid content, nitrate reductase activity, carbonic anhydrase activity, nodule-nitrogen content, leghemoglobin content and leaf N, P, K and Ca contents were analyzed at 60, 90 and 120 days after sowing (DAS). Net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were measured only at 90 DAS. The protein content plus carbohydrate and tyrosinase activity were analyzed in the seeds. Foliar spray of 10−6 M TRIA significantly stimulated most of the studied attributes. At the highest concentration (10−5 M TRIA), values of all attributes were significantly decreased at all three stages. For example, 10−6 M TRIA increased seed-yield and -protein content by 56.3 and 14.5%, respectively when compared to unsprayed plants. TRIA also stimulated the activity of tyrosinase when compared to the control plants. 相似文献
37.
The changes in species composition, abundance and forest stand structure were analyzed across altitudinal regimes in tropical for- ests of Eastern Ghats of northern Andhra Pradesh, India. Three 1-ha plots were established with one each in low, medium and high altitudes. A total of 153 species, 2129 stems (709 stems ·ha -1 ) of ≥10 cm girth were enumerated. Species richness and diversity pattern varied along altitud- inal gradient and increased with the altitude. Species richness varied from 52 to 110 species·ha -1 and stand density from 639 to 836 stems·ha -1 with average basal area of 34.39 m 2 ·ha -1 . Shannon-Wiener index (H’) ranged from 4.55 to 5.17. Low altitude (i.e., Site 1) is dominated by Xylia xylocarpa (59.22) and Lagerstroemia parviflora (23.90), medium altitude (i.e., Site 2) by Xylia xylocarpa (45.50) Bursera serrata (17.29), and high altitude (i.e., Site 3) has Schleichera oleosa (28.25) Pterocarpus marsu- pium (26.55) as predominant species. Taxonomically, Rubiaceae (12 species), Fabaceae (12), Euphorbiaceae (11), Rutaceae (7) and Lauraceae (7) were dominant families. Density-wise, Fabaceae, Combretaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Anacardiaceae and Myrtaceae were abundant. Thus, conservation assessment based on altitudinal regimes and the information on species structure and function can provide baseline information for monitoring and sustaining the biodiversity. 相似文献
38.
Cross‐resistance,the stability of acetamiprid resistance and its effect on the biological parameters of cotton mealybug,Phenacoccus solenopsis (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae), in Pakistan 
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Bushra Saddiq Naeem Abbas Sarfraz Ali Shad Muhammad Aslam Muhammad Babar Shahzad Afzal 《Phytoparasitica》2016,44(1):83-90
The cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) is a devastating pest that cause rigorous damage to the number of crops through feeding, managed by using various insecticides. To assess the risk of resistance and design a strategy for resistance management, a field collected population of P. solenopsis was selected with deltamethrin in the laboratory for six generations to investigate the cost to its fitness and to examine cross resistance to different insecticides. Bioassay results at G8 showed that the deltamethrin selected population (Delta-SEL) developed a resistance ratio of 100-fold compared to that of the unselected population (UNSEL). The deltamethrin resistance population exhibited strong cross-resistance to acetamiprid and lambda-cyhalothrin, but no cross-resistance to profenofos when compared to that of the UNSEL. The relative fitness of the Delta-SEL population was 0.37, with considerably lower survival rates from crawler to second instar, fecundity, hatchability, number of next generation nymphs, net reproductive rate and biotic potential compared with that of the UNSEL. The cost of fitness associated with deltamethrin resistance was evident in the Delta-SEL population. The present study provided useful information for management strategies to overcome development of resistance. 相似文献
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