Metabolic profiling and analysis of volatile composition of durum wheat semolina and pasta     

Romina Beleggia  Cristiano Platani  Giuseppe Spano  Massimo Monteleone  Luigi Cattivelli 《Journal of Cereal Science》2009

Although pasta is generally not considered for its aromatic properties, some evidence proves that cereal flours release volatile compounds and they might have an effect on the aroma of the transformed products. This work reports on the characterization of the volatile components of semolina and pasta obtained from four durum wheat cultivars (Triticum durum Desf., cvs. PR22D89, Creso, Cappelli, Trinakria). Semolina samples were characterized through polar metabolite profiling and fatty acid analysis to identify potential precursors of the volatile components. The results show significant differences among the samples tested with cv. Trinakria characterized by the highest content of sugars and fatty acids. Volatile composition was investigated both in semolina and in cooked pasta using headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) and identified by GC–MS. Thirty-five volatile compounds including aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, terpenes, esters, hydrocarbons and a furan were identified. Significant differences were observed between semolina and pasta samples in terms of composition and amount of the volatile compounds. During cooking an increase in aldehyde content, the appearance of ketones and a decrease in alcohol content were observed. Correlations between metabolites and volatiles demonstrate that the flavour of cooked pasta may differ significantly depending on the durum wheat cultivar employed.  相似文献   

Effect of plant density on toxigenic fungal infection and mycotoxin contamination of maize kernels     

Massimo Blandino  Amedeo ReyneriFrancesca Vanara 《Field Crops Research》2008

Field experiments were set up from 2001 to 2004 in North West Italy to determine the effects of plant density on the susceptibility of medium and medium-late maturity maize hybrids to ear rot and to mycotoxin contamination in natural infection conditions. The ears were rated for the incidence and severity of disease symptoms at harvest and the harvested kernels were analysed for mycotoxin fumonisin B₁, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, aflatoxin B₁ and ochratoxin A.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the membrane approach to solid-phase extractions of pesticide residues in drinking water     

Letizia M. Davi  Massimo Baldi  Luciano Penazzi  Michelina Liboni 《Pest management science》1992,35(1):63-67

The purpose of this work was to compare the method and analytical results obtained by liquid/liquid extraction with those of solid-phase extraction, in particular with the use of an Empore disc, in the investigation of pesticide residues in drinking water.  相似文献   

Contrast-enhanced fluid-attenuated inversion recovery vs. contrast-enhanced spin echo T1-weighted brain imaging     

Cristian Falzone  Federica Rossi  Maurizio Calistri  Massimo Tranquillo  Massimo Baroni 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2008,49(4):333-338

In humans, contrast-enhanced fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging plays an important role in detecting brain disease. The aim of this study was to define the clinical utility of contrast-enhanced FLAIR imaging by comparing the results with those with contrast-enhanced spin echo T1-weighted images (SE T1WI) in animals with different brain disorders. Forty-one dogs and five cats with a clinical suspicion of brain disease and 30 normal animals (25 dogs and five cats) were evaluated using a 0.2 T permanent magnet. Before contrast medium injection, spin echo T1-weighted, SE T1WI, and FLAIR sequences were acquired in three planes. SE T1WI and FLAIR images were also acquired after gadolinium injection. Sensitivity in detecting the number, location, margin, and enhancement pattern and rate were evaluated. No lesions were found in a normal animal. In affected animals, 48 lesions in 34 patients were detected in contrast-enhanced SE T1WI whereas 81 lesions in 44 patients were detected in contrast-enhanced FLAIR images. There was no difference in the characteristics of the margins or enhancement pattern of the detected lesions. The objective enhancement rate, the mean value between lesion-to-white matter ratio and lesion-to-gray matter ratio, although representing an overlap of T1 and T2 effects and not pure contrast medium shortening of T1 relaxation, was better in contrast-enhanced FLAIR images. These results suggest a superiority of contrast-enhanced FLAIR images as compared with contrast-enhanced SE T1WI in detecting enhancing brain lesions.  相似文献   

Effect of Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium sp. on in vitro grapevine plants     

Alessandro Zanzotto  Massimo Gardiman  Lorenzo Lovat 《Scientia Horticulturae》2008,116(4):404-408

Artificial inoculation with fungal species involved in the Petri disease was performed on in vitro grapevine shoots. After 2 months, plantlets were observed and the presence of any leaf chlorosis or necrosis, considered as symptoms of the disease, were recorded. The fungal inoculation caused an increase in the number of symptomatic in vitro plants and in the incidence of external symptoms. Recovery of the fungal species was obtained after incubation of excised tissue fragments from the inoculated in vitro plants while some fertile fragments were collected also from plants without external symptoms. Higher levels of symptoms were observed in the rootstock varieties inoculated with Phaeomoniella chlamydospora while the lowest incidence was observed in the Aglianico cultivar. The possibility to correlate the visual assessment of in vitro plants with the data obtained by the analysis of digital images was confirmed.  相似文献   

Sero-prevalence of chlamydiosis in cattle and selected wildlife species at a wildlife/livestock interface area of Zimbabwe     

Ndengu  Masimba  Matope  Gift  Tivapasi  Musavengana  Scacchia  Massimo  Bonfini  Barbara  Pfukenyi  Davis Mubika  de Garine-Wichatitsky  Michel 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(5):1107-1117

Tropical Animal Health and Production - A study was conducted to investigate the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of Chlamydia abortus infection in cattle and some selected wildlife...  相似文献   

High dose hypofractionated frameless volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy is a feasible method for treating canine trigeminal nerve sheath tumors          下载免费PDF全文

Mario Dolera  Luca Malfassi  Silvia Marcarini  Giovanni Mazza  Nancy Carrara  Simone Pavesi  Massimo Sala  Sara Finesso  Gaetano Urso 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2018,59(5):624-631

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Recycling of nitrogen in the xylem of Prunus avium trees starts when spring remobilization of internal reserves declines     

Grassi G  Millard P  Gioacchini P  Tagliavini M 《Tree physiology》2003,23(15):1061-1068

Nitrogen (N) storage capacity of cherry (Prunus avium L.) trees grown in sand culture was preconditioned by applying contrasting N supplies for one year. During the spring of the following year, a constant amount of 15N was supplied and the dynamics of N remobilization and root uptake were characterized as a function of internal N status of the trees. To calculate the flux of N through xylem, both xylem sap N concentration and whole-tree transpiration rates were measured. By comparing the cumulative flux of N through the xylem with the amount of N recovered in the new above ground growth, we indirectly evaluated the recycling of N in the xylem, i.e., the amount of N derived from shoot-root translocation that was subsequently reloaded into the xylem. The contrasting N storage capacities imposed during the first year affected both N remobilization and uptake from roots in the following year. Recycling of N in the xylem apparently did not occur during the remobilization of internal reserves (i.e., during the first 6-8 weeks after bud burst). However, when remobilization declined, measurement of the cumulative flux of N through the xylem overestimated the amount of N recovered in the new biomass, allowing the extent of N recycling to be evaluated. The amount of N recycling in the xylem was greater in high-N trees, which also took up less N through their roots than trees preconditioned to have a lower internal N status. This suggests that recycling of N in the xylem is a mechanism by which plants regulate N uptake by roots.  相似文献   

Problems of using pines in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tuber melanosporum</Emphasis> culture: soils and truffle harvest associated with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus nigra</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">P. sylvestris</Emphasis>     

L. G. García-Montero  J. L. Manjón  S. Martín-Fernández  G. Di Massimo 《Agroforestry Systems》2007,70(3):243-249

In Mediterranean pine forests, truffles and mushrooms generate greater profits than any other woodland products. However, there are no studies on Tuber melanosporum Vittad. associated with pines. For this reason, we have carried out a study of this truffle in mountain woods with Pinus sylvestris L. and P. nigra Arnold subsp. salzmannii (Dunal) Franco, in central Spain. Two hundred and eight Tuber melanosporum burns were monitored for 7 years in five different habitats within the same geographical area. An ANOVA test confirmed significant differences in carpophore production. In higher producing habitats, pines were less abundant. We also confirmed that in 433 burns, T. melanosporum was always unequivocally associated with the root base of Quercus or Corylus trees. Similarly, 14 truffle collectors confirmed that they had never found a single burn with carpophore production associated exclusively with pines. Nevertheless, soil analyses indicated that the soil of these pine woods was very favourable to Tuber melanosporum. We therefore conclude that at present Pinus nigra salzmannii and P. sylvestris are of little interest to Tuber melanosporum culture, as they hinder carpophore production. However, this study has also confirmed that Pinus nigra salzmannii and P. sylvestris mycorrhize easily with Tuber melanosporum, both in the laboratory and in natural environments. On this basis, we propose that pines may act as transmitters of T. melanosporum, although they do not induce fruiting. As a result, the commercial cultivation of Pinus nigra salzmannii and P. sylvestris seedlings mycorrhized with Tuber melanosporum is not recommended in truffle culture at the present time.  相似文献   

Elm bark beetles and Dutch Elm Disease: tests of combined control     

Massimo Faccoli 《Journal of pest science》2001,74(1):22-29

The possibility for the combined control of Ophiostoma novo-ulmi and Scolytus multistriatus was tested in Italy. Two elm clones [U. pumila × U. minor (clone B) and U. glabra var. pendula grafted onto U. pumila × U. minor pollards (clone A)] were treated by stem injection of different blend or concentrations of fungicides and insecticides. Then, adults of S. multistriatus, either loaded with spores of two isolates of O. novo-ulmi (H328 and 182) or provided of their natural load of conidia, were forced to feed in twig crotches of the treated trees. After 48 hours all insects were checked (dead or alive). One month later, the same twigs were cut off and brought to the laboratory. From each twig, three discs almost 1?mm thick were then taken (0, 3 and 6?cm over the point where the insect fed). The wood discs were inoculated in selective substrate and stored until the development of O.?novo-ulmi colonies. All thesis containing insecticides give good results against S. multistriatus. Similarly, all thesis containing fungicides show a good fungus control independently from the fungal isolated. The percentage of fungal transmission obtained from insects carrying the natural load of conidia was lower than percentages obtained from beetles artificially loaded. Both beetle sex and position on the foliage never influence insect mortality or O. novo-ulmi infection. The best results were obtained injecting the Carbendazim?+?Acephate blend in the clone A. High chemical concentrations did not improve the general results.  相似文献