CLIP identifies Nova-regulated RNA networks in the brain   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ule J  Jensen KB  Ruggiu M  Mele A  Ule A  Darnell RB 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,302(5648):1212-1215

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Epigenetic reprogramming by adenovirus e1a     

Ferrari R  Pellegrini M  Horwitz GA  Xie W  Berk AJ  Kurdistani SK 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,321(5892):1086-1088

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Heterologous expression of the glucose oxidase gene in Trichoderma atroviride leads enhanced ability to attack phytopathogenic fungi and induction of plant systemic disease resistance          下载免费PDF全文

Robert L Mach　 Brunner Kurt　 Matteo Lorito　 Susanne Zeilinger　 Rosalia Ciliento　 Sheridan Woo 《浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》2004,30(4):418-418

A transgenic strain of Trichoderma atroviride that expresses the Aspergillus niger glucose oxidase gene goxA under a homologous pathogen-inducible promoter (nag1) has been constructed, with the aim of increasing the ability of this biocontrol agent (BCA) to attack phytopathogenic fungi and enhance plant systemic disease resistance. The sporulation and growth rate of the transgenic progenies were similar to the wild-type strain P1. goxA expression occurred immediately after contact with the p…  相似文献   

A Morphometric and Compositional Approach to the Study of Ambient Aerosol in a Medium Industrial Town of Italy     

Giovanni Pratesi  Matteo Zoppi  Thomas Vaiani  Francesca Calastrini 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2007,179(1-4):283-296

Morphometric and compositional studies have been performed on both PM_10–2.5 and PM_2.5 aerosol collected in the city of Prato, Italy. Chemical analysis has been carried out using PIXE technique and factor analysis was applied for the source apportionment process. Industrial emissions, vehicular traffic as well as crustal dust and marine aerosol were the sources identified. SEM-EDS analysis has been employed to individually characterize particles collected during a week of the sampling campaign. The morphometric study, performed on 43,671 particles, revealed that, for both the fine and coarse fraction, about 2/3 of particles display a high roundness coefficient, 1/3 of them a medium value, while only a small number of particles (from silicates and organics) exhibits a low roundness coefficient. Similarly, particles with small surface area represent the greater portion in both fractions. Particles classified as organics, metals and oxides, chlorides, carbonates, phosphates, sulphates and silicates have been detected in the PM_10–2.5 while in the PM_2.5 chlorides and phosphates are lacking. Silicates are about the same percentage, by concentration number, in the coarse and fine fraction (20.7% and 20.5% respectively) showing that this material, at least one fifth of the total PM, might be the result of crustal erosion and anthropic activities. The purpose of this work has been that of providing a contribution to the study of particulate matter and took an effort for relating morphometric and compositional features of urban aerosol collected in a medium size industrial city.  相似文献   

Effects of intra-vineyard variability and soil heterogeneity on vine performance,dry matter and nutrient partitioning     

Gatti  Matteo  Garavani  Alessandra  Squeri  Cecilia  Diti  Irene  De Monte  Antea  Scotti  Carla  Poni  Stefano 《Precision Agriculture》2022,23(1):150-177

Three vigor zones, identified in a Barbera vineyard by remote sensing at full canopy, were carefully ground-truthed to determine, over 2 years, the relative weight of soil factors in affecting within-field variability, and to investigate vigor zone influence on dry matter (DM) and nutrient partitioning into different vine organs. Regardless of season, high vigor (HV) achieved stronger vine capacity as total vegetative growth and yield while resulting in markedly less ripened fruits than low vigor (LV) vines. PCA analysis carried out on ten different soil and vine variables clearly separated the three vigor levels and the correlation matrix highlighted that the factors mostly contributing to HV were soil depth, soil K and P concentration, total available water, clay fraction and N_leaf concentration. Conversely, sand fraction was the main marker for LV. When annual DM retrieved in clusters, canes, leaves, and shoot clippings was calculated for each vigor level and expressed as content (i.e. kg/ha) there was a general decreasing trend moving from HV to LV. However, when DM partitioned to each organ was given on a relative basis (i.e. percentage over total) results were similar across vigor levels. Similarly, when nutrients were given as content (e.g. kg or g/ha) out of 120 within-vigor combinations (12 nutrients, 2 seasons, 5 organs), 65 showed a significant difference between HV and LV. Conversely, with data expressed on a concentration basis (i.e. % DM) the number of significant differences between the vigor level means fell to 15. The study strengthens the causal link between soil properties and intra-vineyard spatial variability and clarifies that patterns of dry matter and nutrient partitioning to different vine organs are mildly affected by vine vigor when referred on a relative basis.

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Technological parameters of water curing affect postharvest physiology and storage of marrons (Castanea sativa Mill., Marrone fiorentino)     

Rinaldo Botondi  Matteo Vailati  Andrea Bellincontro  Riccardo Massantini  Roberto Forniti  Fabio Mencarelli 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2009,51(1):97-103

Little is known about the biochemistry of the marron (Castanea sativa cv Marrone fiorentino) when it is soaked in water for the curing process; the immersion treatment time is still empirical and based on traditional knowledge. A study was carried out by keeping marrons in water for 7 d at 14 °C. Tap water and acid water (pH 3) were used in the following water/marron ratios 1:1, 1:2, and 3:2. After curing, the marrons were moved to air storage at room temperature (20 °C and 90% RH) for 1 week (shelf-life), and at 0 °C and 90% RH for 60 d. A large accumulation of carbon dioxide in the head space of the glass jar where the marrons were kept, was observed during water soaking, above all in samples in acid water with a water/marron ratio 1:2. In the first 5 d of water curing, a significant increase in acetaldehyde concentration and phenol content was measured in the marron pulp and subsequently, both compounds declined. Ethanol decreased slightly or remained constant. During the following week of shelf-life, the lowest respiration rate was measured in 1:1 and 1:2 samples while the highest rate was measured in acid water samples. SSC (solid soluble contents) increased in marrons soaked in acid water but remained constant under shelf-life conditions. SSC, ethanol, acetaldehyde and polyphenols did not change following storage at 0 °C for 2 months, but acid water samples showed a higher percentage of decayed marrons. Finally, it is possible to define some technological parameters. The immersion time of marrons in water must be at least 5 and no longer than 7 d, in order to avoid cell destruction. A water/marron ratio of 1:1 is advised. Using acid water, the samples with the ratios of 1:2 and 1:1 showed higher polyphenol and sugar contents. However, the metabolic response of these marrons was assumed to be a “stress response” to acid water.  相似文献   

Roles of grape thaumatin-like protein and chitinase in white wine haze formation     

Marangon M  Van Sluyter SC  Neilson KA  Chan C  Haynes PA  Waters EJ  Falconer RJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(2):733-740

Grape chitinase was found to be the primary cause of heat-induced haze formation in white wines. Chitinase was the dominant protein in a haze induced by treating Sauvignon blanc wine at 30 °C for 22 h. In artificial wines and real wines, chitinase concentration was directly correlated to the turbidity of heat-induced haze formation (50 °C for 3 h). Sulfate was confirmed to have a role in haze formation, likely by converting soluble aggregates into larger visible haze particles. Thaumatin-like protein was detected in the insoluble fraction by SDS-PAGE analysis but had no measurable impact on turbidity. Differential scanning calorimetry demonstrated that the complex mixture of molecules in wine plays a role in thermal instability of wine proteins and contributes additional complexity to the wine haze phenomenon.  相似文献   

Survival and feeding activity of Protaphorura armata in different composts     

Maria Agnese Sabatini  Gloria Innocenti  Matteo Montanari  Sonia Ganassi 《Pedobiologia》2006,50(2):185-190

Effects of compost products, enriched or not-enriched with a strain of the mycoparasitic fungus Trichoderma atroviride, on the survival of the collembolan Protaphorura armata and the viability of fungal conidia after the transit through the springtail gut were investigated. The effect of compost enriched with Ca-Lignosulphonate (Ca-Ls), a low cost by-product of the acid sulphite pulping process, with lignin-like structure, on P. armata was also evaluated. All compost products enriched or not with the mycoparasitic fungus or Ca-Ls did not affect P. armata survival. No statistical differences were found in animal survival for different types of product or in enriched and not-enriched products. In addition to adults, live juveniles were also observed in all compost products. The gut content of animals, collected at the end of the survival test from compost enriched with T. atroviride, was examined under the light microscope, and in a few cases observations revealed the presence of some T. atroviride conidia. Subsequent tests carried out to study the viability of conidia after the transit through the springtail gut showed that colonies of the fungus developed from all faecal pellets produced by adult and juveniles specimens of P. armata previously fed on conidia of T. atroviride. These results suggest compatibility between Collembola and Trichoderma or Ca-Ls in the composts.  相似文献   

Differentiation of natural and synthetic phenylalanine and tyrosine through natural abundance 2H nuclear magnetic resonance   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Brenna E  Fronza G  Fuganti C  Pinciroli M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(17):4866-4872

The natural abundance deuterium NMR characterization of samples of the amino acids tyrosine (1) and phenylalanine (2), examined as the acetylated methyl esters 4 and 6, has been performed with the aim to identify by these means the contribution in animals of the hydroxylation of the diet l-phenylalanine (2) to the formation of l-tyrosine (1), a feature previously revealed on the same samples through the determination of the phenolic delta(18)O values. The study, which includes also the NMR examination of benzoic acid (5) from 2 and of tyrosol (7) from 1, substantially fails in providing the required information because the mode of deuterium labeling of tyrosine samples of different origins is quite similar but indicates a dramatic difference in the deuterium labeling pattern of the two amino acids 1 and 2. The most relevant variation is with regard to the deuterium enrichments at the CH(2) and CH positions, which are inverted in the two amino acids of natural derivation. Moreover, whereas the diastereotopic benzylic hydrogen atoms of l-tyrosine (1) appear to be equally deuterium enriched, in l-phenylalanine (2) the (D/H)(3)(R)() > (D/H)(3)(S)(). Similarly, benzoic acid (5) shows separate signals for the aromatic deuterium nuclei, which are quite indicative of the natural or synthetic derivation. The mode of deuterium labeling of the side chain of 1 and 2 is tentatively correlated to the different origins of the two amino acids, natural from animal sources for l-tyrosine and biotechnological probably from genetically modified microorganisms for l-phenylalanine.  相似文献   

C and N concentrations in different compartments of outgrown oak coppice forests under different site conditions in Central Italy     

Giovanni Di Matteo  Irene Tunno  Pierfrancesco Nardi  Paolo De Angelis  Giada Bertini  Gianfranco Fabbio 《Annals of Forest Science》2014,71(8):885-895

Context

Harvesting of Mediterranean oak coppice forests has been progressively suspended on a share of cover over the last decades. Positive growth trend in outgrown coppices no longer harvested on short rotations now drives natural forest restoration on wide areas, and it represents a potential carbon sink in view of global warming.

Aims

Our goals were to estimate carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content per compartment in two deciduous oak outgrown coppice forests, aged differently and growing under unequal site quality, to verify whether C concentration across compartments is in agreement with the conventional conversion rate of 0.5.

Methods

Ecosystem C and N pools were assessed by multiplying the whole coppice mass (combining specific allometric functions, root-to-shoot ratio, and soil sampling) by respective C and N concentrations.

Results

The results point out that the largest percentage of N was stored in 15-cm topsoil (84.06 and 73.34 % at the younger and older site, respectively), whereas the proportion of organic ecosystem C pool was more variable, as a consequence of the amount and allocation of phytomass. We found that, in most cases, C concentration was less than the conventional conversion rate of 0.5, especially in deadwood, O layer, and root compartments.

Conclusion

The findings provide further knowledge of C and N storage into these new built-up forest types and the evidence that a detailed analysis may get higher accuracy in the pools estimate, producing a more reliable outlook on dynamics and climate change mitigation ability of these systems.  相似文献