Molecular and phenotypic characterization of a collection of white grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] for temperate climates     

Stagnati  Lorenzo  Busconi  Matteo  Soffritti  Giovanna  Martino  Michelangelo  Lanubile  Alessandra  Marocco  Adriano 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2021,68(7):2931-2942

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a subsistence crop and the main food for populations in arid or semiarid regions and it is appreciated for the...  相似文献   

Land-use history and topographic gradients as driving factors of subalpine Larix decidua forests     

Matteo Garbarino  Emanuele Lingua  Peter J. Weisberg  Alessandra Bottero  Fabio Meloni  Renzo Motta 《Landscape Ecology》2013,28(5):805-817

European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) forests in the Alps are cultural landscapes that have been shaped by humans for centuries through traditional management. Biological and historical data sources were employed, and a multi-scale approach was adopted to capture the influence of factors affecting the structure of these forests. Landscape and stand scale dynamics were analyzed in four watersheds (c. 13,000 ha) of the western and central Italian Alps that have experienced different land-use intensities. Observed landscape changes were generalized using path analyses developed from a common conceptual model. Stand structure and a range of environmental variables were sampled in 203 circular plots, and land use and anthropogenic variables were derived from thematic maps and aerial photographs. We used multivariate statistical analyses (ordination and SEM models) to relate forest structure, anthropogenic influences, land uses, and topography. The most commonly observed land cover transition was an expansion of forests at the expense of open areas. All studied watersheds were dominated by larch forests, but their structure and spatial pattern differed greatly. Anthropogenic variables were less important at Ventina, the least accessible site, but emerged as fundamental to explain stand structure in the other study sites. Complexity of topography and proximity to roads had influenced past human activities mainly in the most accessible sites. Regeneration density was greatest at lower elevations and closer to human settlements. Quantification of the role played by forest harvesting and cattle grazing in past centuries is critical for understanding how global change factors may influence future dynamics of mountain forests in the European Alps and similar cultural landscapes worldwide.  相似文献   

Long‐term outcome of permanent tracheostomy in 15 dogs with severe laryngeal collapse secondary to brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome          下载免费PDF全文

Matteo Gobbetti DVM  PhD  Stefano Romussi DVM  PhD  Paolo Buracco DVM  Diplomate ECVS  Valerio Bronzo DAS  Samuele Gatti DVM  Matteo Cantatore DVM  PhD  Diplomate ECVS MRCVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2018,47(5):648-653

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Effects of fungicide application on physiological and molecular responses of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.): a comparison between copper and sulfur fungicides applied alone and in combination with novel fungicides     

Amedeo Moine  Massimo Pugliese  Matteo Monchiero  Ivana Gribaudo  Maria Lodovica Gullino  Chiara Pagliarani  Giorgio Gambino 《Pest management science》2023,79(11):4569-4588

BACKGROUND

Chemical products against fungi and oomycetes pose serious environmental issues. In the last decade, the use of less impacting active ingredients was encouraged to reduce chemical inputs in viticulture. In this study, the effect of different antifungal compounds on grapevine agronomic, physiological, and molecular responses in the vineyard was evaluated in addition to protection against powdery and downy mildews.

RESULTS

In 2 years and in two Vitis vinifera cultivars (Nebbiolo and Arneis), a conventional crop protection approach, based on traditional fungicides (sulfur and copper), was compared to combined strategies. A well-known resistance inducer (potassium phosphonate), Bacillus pumilus strain QST 2808 and calcium oxide, both active ingredients whose biological interaction with grapevine is poorly characterized, were applied in the combined strategies in association with chemical fungicides. Despite a genotype effect occurred, all treatments optimally controlled powdery and downy mildews, with minimal variations in physiological and molecular responses. Gas exchange, chlorophyll content and photosystem II efficiency increased in treated plants at the end of season, along with a slight improvement in the agronomic performances, and an activation of molecular defense processes linked to stilbene and jasmonate pathways.

CONCLUSION

The disease control strategies based on potassium phosphonate, Bacillus pumilus strain QST 2808 or calcium oxide combined with traditional chemical compounds did not cause severe limitations in plant ecophysiology, grape quality, and productive yields. The combination of potassium phosphonate and calcium oxide with traditional fungicides can represent a valuable strategy for reducing copper and sulfur inputs in the vineyards, including those organically managed. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.  相似文献   

Prospects for the use of biological control agents against Anoplophora in Europe          下载免费PDF全文

Thomas Brabbs  Debbie Collins  Franck Hérard  Matteo Maspero  Dominic Eyre 《Pest management science》2015,71(1):7-14

This review summarises the literature on the biological control of Anoplophora spp. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and discusses its potential for use in Europe. Entomopathogenic fungi: Beauveria brongniartii Petch (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) has already been developed into a commercial product in Japan, and fungal infection results in high mortality rates. Parasitic nematodes: Steinernema feltiae Filipjev (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) and Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser have potential for use as biopesticides as an alternative to chemical treatments. Parasitoids: a parasitoid of Anoplophora chinensis Forster, Aprostocetus anoplophorae Delvare (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), was discovered in Italy in 2002 and has been shown to be capable of parasitising up to 72% of A. chinensis eggs; some native European parasitoid species (e.g. Spathius erythrocephalus) also have potential to be used as biological control agents. Predators: two woodpecker (Piciformis: Picidae) species that are native to Europe, Dendrocopos major Beicki and Picus canus Gmelin, have been shown to be effective at controlling Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky in Chinese forests. The removal and destruction of infested and potentially infested trees is the main eradication strategy for Anoplophora spp. in Europe, but biological control agents could be used in the future to complement other management strategies, especially in locations where eradication is no longer possible. © 2014 Crown copyright. Pest Management Science © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

INFOCARB: A regional scale forest carbon inventory (Provincia Autonoma di Trento,Southern Italian Alps)     

Mirco Rodeghiero  Sergio Tonolli  Loris Vescovo  Damiano Gianelle  Alessandro Cescatti  Matteo Sottocornola 《Forest Ecology and Management》2010

The aim of this inventory (acronym: INFOCARB) was to measure the organic carbon stored in the forest ecosystems of the Trento region (Provincia Autonoma di Trento, Northern Italy) in both above- and belowground pools, according to the Kyoto protocol and IPCC requirements. A total of 150 forest sampling points were selected on the entire regional area (6206 km²) with a statistical sampling approach, based on the timber volume as a proxy variable for a stratified sampling. Each sampling point was located with a GPS receiver and a 600 m² circular plot was delimited around each point. Inside the plots, the biomass of trees, shrubs and herbaceous vegetation was measured, while litter was collected in systematically placed subplots. Topsoil (down to 30 cm depth) was sampled with the excavation method on three systematically located pits, to determine the organic carbon content, the bulk density and the volume occupied by stones and roots.  相似文献   

The impact of road disturbance on vegetation and soil properties in a beech stand,Hyrcanian forest     

Azade Deljouei  Seyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi  Ehsan Abdi  Markus Bernhardt-Römermann  Emily Louise Pascoe  Matteo Marcantonio 《European Journal of Forest Research》2018,137(6):759-770

The ‘road-effect zone’ is a concept developed to describe the impact of road construction on the surrounding area. Although many aspects of the road-effect zone have been investigated, the road-effect zone on soil properties (pH, bulk density, soil moisture, electrical conductivity, organic matter (%), C (%), total N (%), available Na, Ca, Mg, P, and K), light regimes (leaf area index and canopy cover), and a Raunkiaer’s life-form classification of plants remains poorly understood, especially in oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) forests. Hence, the main aims of this research were to estimate the extent of the road-effect zone and to identify the main environmental changes due to forest roads. Specifically, we aimed to evaluate road-effects on: (1) the composition of herbaceous species and tree regeneration (up to 100 m distance from the forest road); (2) the light regime; and (3) soil properties, potentially related to changes in ecosystem functions and composition. We observed that forest roads can have significant impacts on soil, stand characteristics, and vegetation composition. The estimated road-effect zone extended up to 30 m from the road edge. Landscape planners should be aware that road-effect zones can potentially influence the ecology and environmental conditions of an area up to 30 m from the road edge.  相似文献   

Effects of xylazine and dexmedetomidine on equine articular chondrocytes in vitro     

Francesco Mancini  Sara Nannarone  Sandra Buratta  Giuseppina Ferrara  Anna Maria Stabile  Matteo Vuerich  Isabella Santinelli  Alessandra Pistilli  Elisabetta Chiaradia 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(2):295-308

Objective

To assess the effects of xylazine and dexmedetomidine on equine chondrocytes, in vitro.

Study design

Prospective, experimental study.

Study material

Equine articular chondrocytes from five male horses.

Methods

Chondrocytes were isolated from healthy equine articular cartilage of the metacarpo/metatarsophalangeal joints. Cell viability was assessed using the WST-8 assay by exposing chondrocytes to xylazine (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16.6, 25, 50 mg mL^?1) or dexmedetomidine (0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.175, 0.25 mg mL^?1) for 15, 30 and 60 minutes. Based on the results of these tests, cells were treated with xylazine (1, 4, 25 mg mL^?1) or dexmedetomidine (0.05, 0.175, 0.25 mg mL^?1) for 15 minutes to further evaluate: cell viability by neutral red uptake; cell membrane integrity by lactate dehydrogenase release and by fluorescence microscopy with Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide (PI), and apoptosis by flow cytometry using double staining with annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/PI and by cell morphology.

Results

Both drugs reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Specifically, all xylazine concentrations, except 0.5 mg mL^?1 and 1 mg mL^?1, significantly reduced cell viability, whereas the effects of dexmedetomidine were evident only at 0.175 mg mL^?1 and 0.25 mg mL^?1. The highest concentrations of xylazine (25 mg mL^?1) and dexmedetomidine (0.25 mg mL^?1) caused loss of membrane integrity. Cell morphology and flow cytometry analyses demonstrated signs of late apoptosis in xylazine-treated cells, and signs of late apoptosis and necrosis in dexmedetomidine-treated cells.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

This study offers new insights into the potential chondrotoxicity induced by dexmedetomidine and xylazine. Therefore, the intra-articular administration of α₂-agonists should be conducted with care, especially for doses of ≥ 4 mg mL^?1 of xylazine and 0.175 mg mL^?1 and 0.25 mg mL^?1 of dexmedetomidine.  相似文献   

Determination of free flavan-3-ol content in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) air-classified flours: comparative study of HPLC-DAD/MS and spectrophotometric determinations     

Verardo V  Bonoli M  Marconi E  Caboni MF 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(16):6944-6948

The determination of free flavan-3-ol compounds in barley flours (cv. Gotic) and two resulting milling fractions (fine fraction 57% and coarse fraction 43%, w/w) obtained by air classification of dehulled grain is herein described. The determinations were carried out using reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with both diode array detection and ESI-MS compared with conventional spectrophotometric determinations (total phenolic compounds by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and free radical scavenging activity with the DPPH assay). Significant correlations among the HPLC quantification, the spectrophotometric data, and the antioxidant capacity of extracts were revealed by Pearson's analysis. Nine flavan-3-ols were identified by HPLC-MS. Catechins and their derivatives were found to make a substantial contribution to the antioxidant power of extracts. The coarse fraction showed larger concentrations of flavan-3-ols (221%) with respect to the fine fraction. This was confirmed by the antioxidant activity of the analyzed flours. The coarse fraction showed the greatest antioxidant activity (1200.1 +/- 66.2 micromol of Trolox equiv/100 g of flour) with respect to whole meal and fine fraction (1025.9 +/- 18.3 and 761.7 +/- 55.3 micromol of Trolox equiv/100 g of flour, respectively).  相似文献   

TaqMan Chemistry for Phytophthora ramorum Detection and Quantification, with a Comparison of Diagnostic Methods     

Hayden K  Ivors K  Wilkinson C  Garbelotto M 《Phytopathology》2006,96(8):846-854

ABSTRACT The choice of detection method for phytopathogens can be critically important in determining the success or failure of pest regulation systems. We present an assay for Phytophthora ramorum that uses 5' fluorogenic exonuclease (TaqMan) chemistry to detect and quantify the pathogen from diseased tissue, and include a universal primer and probe set for an internal positive control. This method is sensitive, detecting as little as 15 fg of target DNA when used in a nested design or 50 fg when used in a single round of polymerase chain reaction. None of the 17 other Phytophthora spp. tested was amplified by this assay. A comparison of the nested and non-nested TaqMan assays, and of one other nested assay, showed nested methods to be significantly more sensitive than nonnested and showed that host substrate significantly affected sensitivity of all assays. The nested TaqMan protocol was successfully field-tested; P. ramorum was detected in 255 of 874 plants in California woodlands, whereas the single-round TaqMan protocol detected significantly fewer positive samples. Finally, we documented increases in the quantity of pathogen DNA in Umbellularia californica leaves in initial stages of infection.  相似文献