Antimutagenic constituents of adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) with potential cancer chemopreventive activity     

Chen HH  Chiang W  Chang JY  Chien YL  Lee CK  Liu KJ  Cheng YT  Chen TF  Kuo YH  Kuo CC 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(12):6444-6452

Adlay has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine and as a nourishing food. The acetone extract of adlay hull had previously been demonstrated to possess potent antimutagenic activity. The aims of this study were to identify the antimutagenic constituents from adlay hull by using Ames antimutagenic activity-guide isolation procedures and to investigate their chemopreventive efficacies in cultured cells. The results demonstrated that six compounds showing great antimutagenic activity were identified by spectroscopic methods and by comparison with authentic samples to be p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillin, syringaldehyde, trans-coniferylaldehyde, sinapaldehyde, and coixol. Two of them, trans-coniferylaldehyde and sinapaldehyde, exhibit relatively potent scavenging of DPPH radicals, inhibit TPA stimulated superoxide anion generation in neutrophil-like leukocytes, and induce Nrf2/ARE-driven luciferase activity in HSC-3 cells. Moreover, trans-coniferylaldehyde possesses cytoprotective efficacy against tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced DNA double-strand breaks in cultured cells, and the chemopreventive potency induced by trans-coniferylaldehyde may be through the activation of kinase signals, including p38, ERK1/2, JNK, MEK1/2, and MSK1/2. In summary, we first identified six antimutagenic constituents from adlay hull. Among them, trans-coniferylaldehyde would be a highly promising agent for cancer chemoprevention and merits further investigation.  相似文献   

Toxicologic and comparative clinical pathology externship scholarships broaden clinical pathology resident training opportunities          下载免费PDF全文

Adeyemi O. Adedeji  Chien‐Tsun Huang 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2015,44(1):1-2

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Motivating rice farmers in the Mekong Delta to modify pest management and related practices through mass media     

N. H. Huan  H. V. Chien  P. V. Quynh  P. S. Tan  P. V. Du  M. M. Escalada 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(4):339-346

A participatory planning process was applied to develop a media campaign to motivate rice farmers in the Mekong Delta to modify pest management practices together with seed and fertilizer inputs. Locally named ‘Ba Giam Ba Tang’ or ‘Three Reductions, Three Gains’, campaigns were launched in two provinces, Can Tho and Tien Giang. In both provinces, farmers' practices changed significantly. Their insecticide sprays reduced by 13–33% while their seed rates dropped ～10% and nitrogen rates, ～7% and proportion of farmers using insecticides declined by ～11%. These practices were supported by modifications in belief attitudes that favored high inputs. Farmers who reported significant reductions in the three inputs also changed their perception of yield loss. The campaigns in Can Tho and Tien Giang had significant multiplier effects. They stimulated several provincial governments as well as the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development to provide additional resources to reproduce the materials and campaign process for local use which eventually reached more than 3 million farmers in south and central Vietnam.  相似文献   

Study on agricultural benefits by increasing capacity of water ponds: a case study at Taoyuan paddy fields     

Wen-Tsun Fang  Chuan-Pin Chien  Shu-Chen Chen 《Paddy and Water Environment》2012,10(3):231-250

In Taiwan, agricultural water is frequently reduced or suspended for reallocation of water resources during drought. To cope with such a situation, the irrigation district of the Shihmen Reservoir in the northern Taiwan fully utilizes the functions of water ponds to regulate water resources, so that industrial and domestic water demands can be met. Constructing new water ponds is indeed able to increase water storage for irrigation. However, when it is compared with the method of dredging or excavating the existing water ponds, constructing new water ponds is not easily accepted by the public because of environmental protection and land acquisition. Dredging water ponds is adopted to obtain a larger storage capacity, so that more flexibility may be acquired in water allocation during drought. Furthermore, it is more practical from engineering point of view. This study presents a formulation of the pond-dredging problem for an irrigation system. The formulation is implemented as optimization programs and applied to the area irrigated by the eighth lateral of the Taoyuan Irrigation Association. The irrigation area is a paddy field of 2,283.8 hectares and consists of 32 water ponds storage capacity of which is analyzed as dredging is conducted. Two models are presented; the first minimizes the water extracted from the Reservoir in a cropping season; while the second maximizes agricultural financial net benefits. Various allowable dredging ratios are used in the two models for different case studies. The first model shows that the water supplied by the Reservoir decreases as the ratio increases, and it reaches the minimum (2,520.3?×?10⁴m³) when the ratio is 0.5. The second model displays that the maximum agricultural financial net benefit increases as the ratio increases and it reaches the highest value (NT$ 6,996?×?10⁴) when the ratio is 0.5, a result similar to that of the first model. However, the dredging priorities of 32 water ponds for the two models are different because of the optimization objectives. The simulation results provide references to the performance improvement of water ponds. With such improvement, water ponds can possess an optimal capacity, and an optimal regional water allocation during drought can be achieved.  相似文献   

Conversion of the genic male sterility (GMS) system of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) to cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS)     

Shu‐Yun Chen  Szu‐Chien Liu  Tzu‐Chuan Lo  Andi Wahyono  Sz‐Yun Chen  Hsin‐Mei Ku 《Plant Breeding》2014,133(2):291-297

Non‐pungent bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) lacks the cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) nuclear restorer allele, Rf, and CMS cannot be employed in its F₁ hybrid seed production. To demonstrate that the genic male sterility (GMS) system in non‐pungent bell pepper can be converted to the CMS male sterility system, the conversion of GMS to CMS for non‐pungent bell pepper line GC3 was conducted by introgression of S‐type cytoplasm and the Rf allele from tropical pungent donors. After morphological traits were evaluated, two lines from BC₁F₁ containing S‐type cytoplasm and four lines from BC₂F₂ containing Rf allele, phenotypically similar to GC3, were obtained and could be employed as CMS male sterile lines and restorer lines for non‐pungent bell pepper. Four molecular markers potentially linked to traits of interest were also evaluated in BC₁F₁ and BC₁F₂ populations. This is the first time that GMS has been successfully converted to CMS in bell pepper, a significant contribution for bell pepper hybrid seed production.  相似文献   

Antioxidant activity and constituents of extracts from the root of Garcinia multiflora     

Jyh-Horng Wu  Yu-Tang Tung  Chiou-Fung Chyu  Shih-Chang Chien  Sheng-Yang Wang  Shang-Tzen Chang  Yueh-Hsiung Kuo 《Journal of Wood Science》2008,54(5):383-389

The methanolic extract of the root of Garcinia multiflora and its derived soluble fractions, namely those soluble in ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butanol, and water, were screened for their antioxidant activities. Among them, the EtOAc-soluble fraction exhibited the highest scavenging activity against the 1,1-dipheny1,2-picrylhydrazyl radical, the highest superoxide radical scavenging activity, and the strongest reducing power. In addition, according to the bioactivity-guided isolation, 26 specific phytocompounds, including 3 aromatics, 3 benzophenones, 3 flavonoids, 3 isocoumarins, 1 phloroglucinol, 6 steroids, and 7 xanthones, were isolated from the EtOAc-soluble fraction and identified. Of these, 2,4,3′,4′-tetrahydroxy-6-methoxybenzophenone and 1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyxanthone were found to be the major bioactive constituents, present in the crude extract in concentrations of 3.9 and 15.6 mg/g, respectively. These two compounds had similar antioxidant activities to (+)-catechin, a well-known antioxidant.  相似文献   

Participatory research on the effectiveness of drainage in the Red River Delta,Vietnam     

H. P. Ritzema  Le Dinh Thinh  Le Quang Anh  Dang Ngoc Hanh  Nguyen Viet Chien  Trinh Ngoc Lan  R. A. L. Kselik  Bui Thi Kim 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》2008,22(1):19-34

The irrigation and drainage systems in the Red River Delta in Vietnam were designed and constructed in the 1950s and 60s. These systems are well established and provide water to virtually all of the irrigable land in the Delta. The land is cropped intensively: on average just over two crops a year. The irrigation and drainage systems are complex: dual purpose channels and pumping stations are used. In the 1990s, the systems were rehabilitated and upgraded. A review showed that irrigation projects performed reasonably well, but the two core drainage projects performed less than anticipated. In the Red River Delta, with its low elevations, drainage rather than irrigation is often the limiting factor affecting agricultural production. To investigate these constraints in more detail, a participatory research study on the effectiveness of drainage was conducted in two drainage areas in the Red River Delta. The study started with a participatory pre-investigation to identify and quantify the constraints in the functioning of the drainage systems. Next, the drainage system was modelled and computer simulations were used to develop conceptual designs to improve the functioning of the systems. Finally, recommendations to improve the institutional capacity of the drainage system management were formulated, again in close cooperation with the stakeholders. These recommendations cover a whole range of technical issues: small-scale improvements in the farmers’ fields, modifications in the main and secondary drainage systems, including the control structures, up to recommendations to increase the efficiency of the pumping stations. Next to these technical innovations, recommendations to reform the complex institutional setting have been formulated.  相似文献   

Radial growth of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cinnamomum kanehirae</Emphasis> Hayata displays a larger temperature sensitivity in dominant than codominant trees     

Ching-Chu Tsai  Li-Fen Hung  Jeng-Der Chung  Shiang-Jiuun Chen  Ching-Te Chien  Wen-Yuan Kao  Ling-Long Kuo-Huang 《Annals of Forest Science》2018,75(2):52

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Structure of the human dopamine D3 receptor in complex with a D2/D3 selective antagonist     

Chien EY  Liu W  Zhao Q  Katritch V  Han GW  Hanson MA  Shi L  Newman AH  Javitch JA  Cherezov V  Stevens RC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,330(6007):1091-1095

Dopamine modulates movement, cognition, and emotion through activation of dopamine G protein-coupled receptors in the brain. The crystal structure of the human dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) in complex with the small molecule D2R/D3R-specific antagonist eticlopride reveals important features of the ligand binding pocket and extracellular loops. On the intracellular side of the receptor, a locked conformation of the ionic lock and two distinctly different conformations of intracellular loop 2 are observed. Docking of R-22, a D3R-selective antagonist, reveals an extracellular extension of the eticlopride binding site that comprises a second binding pocket for the aryl amide of R-22, which differs between the highly homologous D2R and D3R. This difference provides direction to the design of D3R-selective agents for treating drug abuse and other neuropsychiatric indications.  相似文献   

The Adoption of Cv. Igorota in the Philippines and Vietnam     

Dao Huy Chien  Zenaida N. Ganga  Donita K. Simongo  Cynthia G. Kiswa  Ines C. Gonzales  Jocelyn Perez  Pham Xuan Tung  Nguyen Tuyet Hau  Katrin Artola  Jari P.T. Valkonen  Canhui Li  Peter VanderZaag 《American Journal of Potato Research》2016,93(3):296-301

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