Effect of heat pretreatment on the yield and composition of oil extracted from corn fiber.     

R A Moreau  K B Hicks  M J Powell 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(7):2869-2871

Previously, hexane extraction of corn fiber was reported to produce a unique and potentially valuable oil that contained high levels of several phytosterols (which have been noted for their cholesterol-lowering properties). Current studies revealed that heat treatment (over the range of 100-175 degrees C) of corn fiber in either a convection oven or a vacuum oven caused only a modest reduction in the levels of the phytosterol components. However, these same heat pretreatments caused a considerable increase (up to 10-fold) in the levels (increasing from 0.34 wt % to a maximum of 3.64 wt % gamma-tocopherol in the oil) and yields (increasing from 5.4 mg of gamma-tocopherol/100 g of corn fiber to a maximum of 52.1 mg of gamma-tocopherol/100 g of corn fiber) of gamma-tocopherol in corn fiber oil. The main differences between the convection oven and vacuum oven pretreatments were associated with the disappearance of free fatty acids and free phytosterols at the higher temperature pretreatments in the vacuum oven, probably due to the lower boiling points of these lipids. Microwave pretreatment was also effective but caused a much smaller increase in the levels of gamma-tocopherol.  相似文献   

Efficacy and Mechanism of Action of Marine Alkaloid 3,10-Dibromofascaplysin in Drug-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells     

Sergey A. Dyshlovoy  Moritz Kaune  Jessica Hauschild  Malte Kriegs  Konstantin Hoffer  Tobias Busenbender  Polina A. Smirnova  Maxim E. Zhidkov  Ekaterina V. Poverennaya  Su Jung Oh-Hohenhorst  Pavel V. Spirin  Vladimir S. Prassolov  Derya Tilki  Carsten Bokemeyer  Markus Graefen  Gunhild von Amsberg 《Marine drugs》2020,18(12)

Efficacy and mechanism of action of marine alkaloid 3,10-dibromofascaplysin (DBF) were investigated in human prostate cancer (PCa) cells harboring different levels of drug resistance. Anticancer activity was observed across all cell lines examined without signs of cross-resistance to androgen receptor targeting agents (ARTA) or taxane based chemotherapy. Kinome analysis followed by functional investigation identified JNK1/2 to be one of the molecular targets of DBF in 22Rv1 cells. In contrast, no activation of p38 and ERK1/2 MAPKs was observed. Inhibition of the drug-induced JNK1/2 activation or of the basal p38 activity resulted in increased cytotoxicity of DBF, whereas an active ERK1/2 was identified to be important for anticancer activity of the alkaloid. Synergistic effects of DBF were observed in combination with PARP-inhibitor olaparib most likely due to the induction of ROS production by the marine alkaloid. In addition, DBF intensified effects of platinum-based drugs cisplatin and carboplatin, and taxane derivatives docetaxel and cabazitaxel. Finally, DBF inhibited AR-signaling and resensitized AR-V7-positive 22Rv1 prostate cancer cells to enzalutamide, presumably due to AR-V7 down-regulation. These findings propose DBF to be a promising novel drug candidate for the treatment of human PCa regardless of resistance to standard therapy.  相似文献   

Vitamin C supplementation and fear‐reduction in Japanese quail: Short‐term cumulative effects     

R. B. Jones  D. G. Satterlee  J. Moreau  D. Waddington 《British poultry science》1996,37(1):33-42

1. Fear‐related behaviour was measured in individually‐housed Japanese quail which had received either untreated drinking water (UDW) or a vitamin C solution (ascorbyl‐2‐polyphosphate, APP, 1 g L‐ascorbic acid/1) for 1 or 4 d. Behavioural tests were carried out at 24 or 27 d of age. Water consumption was measured daily and plasma ascorbic acid (AA) content was assayed after differential treatment for 1 or 4 d.

2. The quail in the APP treatment groups drank significantly more than did those receiving untreated drinking water.

3. Supplementation with APP raised plasma AA concentrations substantially above those found in UDW quail. The lower AA concentrations found after APP treatment for 4 d rather than one may have reflected either inter‐assay variation or limited intestinal absorption following excess ingestion.

4. Quail treated with APP showed less home‐cage avoidance of a novel object and shorter tonic immobility fear reactions than did the UDW birds. The UDW quail showed remarkably similar avoidance and TI scores on test days 1 and 4. Conversely, continued treatment with APP further reduced avoidance scores but, although TI durations fell slightly with continued treatment there were no significant day effects.

5. It was concluded that APP supplementation can reduce underlying fearfulness but that it may not be necessary to continue treatment for longer than 24 h immediately prior to a known frightening event.  相似文献   

Accelerated solvent extraction of alkylresorcinols in food products containing uncooked and cooked wheat     

Holt MD  Moreau RA  DerMarderosian A  McKeown N  Jacques PF 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(19):4799-4802

This research focuses on the overall extraction process of alkylresorcinols (ARs) from uncooked grains and baked products that have been processed with wheat, corn, rice, and white flour. Previously established extraction methods developed by Ross and colleagues, as well as a semiautomated method involving accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), were applied to extract ARs within freshly ground samples. For extraction of alkylresorcinols, nonpolar solvents such as ethyl acetate have been recommended for the extraction of uncooked foods, and polar solvents such as 1-propanol:water (3:1 v/v) have been recommended for the extraction of baked foods that contain rye, wheat, or other starch-rich grains. A comparison of AR extraction methods has been investigated with the application of gas chromatography and a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) to quantify the AR content. The goal of this research was to compare the rapid accelerated solvent extraction of the alkylresorcinols (ASE-AR) method to the previous manual AR extraction methods. Results for this study as well as the investigation of the overall efficiency of ASE-AR extraction with the use of a spiking study indicated that it can be comparable to current extraction methods but with less time required. Furthermore, the extraction time for ASE (approximately 40 min) is much more convenient and less tedious and time-consuming than previously established methods, which range from 5 h for processed foods to 24 h for raw grains.  相似文献   

Compositional equivalence of barleys differing only in low- and normal-phytate levels     

Moreau RA  Bregitzer P  Liu K  Hicks KB 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(26):6493-6498

Recent breeding advances have led to the development of several barley lines and cultivars with significant reductions (50% or greater) in phytate levels. Low-phytate (LP) grain is distinguished by containing not only a reduced level of phytate P but also an increased level of inorganic P, resulting in greater bioavailability of P and mineral cations in animal diets. It is important to determine whether other nutritional characteristics are altered by breeding for the low-phytate trait. This study was designed to investigate if breeding for reduced phytate content in barleys had any effect on the contents of other attributes measured by comparing mean and range values of the levels of protein, oil, ash, total carbohydrate, starch, and β-glucan, fatty acid composition, and levels of tocopherols and tocotrienols between five LP and five normal-phytate barleys grown in three Idaho locations. Results show that only the phytate level in the LP group was substantially lower than that of the normal-phytate group and that all other attributes measured or calculated were substantially equivalent between the two groups of barleys. Therefore, the phytate level had little effect on the levels of protein, oil, ash, total carbohydrate, starch, and β-glucan, fatty acid composition, and levels of tocopherols and tocotrienols in barley seeds.  相似文献   

Polar Lipids from Oat Kernels     

Douglas C. Doehlert  Robert A. Moreau  Ruth Welti  Mary R. Roth  Michael S. McMullen 《Cereal Chemistry》2010,87(5):467-474

Oat (Avena sativa L.) kernels appear to contain much higher polar lipid concentrations than other plant tissues. We have extracted, identified, and quantified polar lipids from 18 oat genotypes grown in replicated plots in three environments to determine genotypic or environmental variation in these lipids. Validation experiments indicated a solid phase silica gel extraction step elution provided excellent and clean separation of extracted lipids into neutral lipid, glycolipid, and phospholipid fractions. Analysis of phospholipids by HPLC (normal phase, diol column) indicated phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, and lyso‐ forms but very little genotypic or environmental variation. Di, tri and tetragalactosyl‐diacylglycerols were quantified in the glycolipids, along with their mono‐, di‐, and triacyl estolides. Most of these exhibited significant genotypic variation. Molecular species analysis of the glycolipids in the Morton cultivar by direct infusion electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry confirmed the enormous diversity of galactosyl‐lipids in oats. Analyses indicated total lipid of ≈8.3% (dry weight basis), of which ≈10% was phospholipid and 11% was glycolipids. These results indicate that oats are a rich source of polar lipids and contain an extremely rich diversity of galactosyl‐lipids.  相似文献   

Influence of ingredients on the self-diffusion of aroma compounds in a model fruit preparation: an nuclear magnetic resonance-diffusion-ordered spectroscopy investigation     

Savary G  Guichard E  Doublier JL  Cayot N  Moreau C 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(3):665-671

Diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (DOSY)-pulsed field gradient (PGF) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to measure self-diffusion coefficients of aroma molecules in model fruit preparations. The impact of the sucrose content on aroma diffusion was specifically investigated, and the relationship with viscosity, water activity, and dry matter parameters was evidenced. DOSY-PGF NMR spectroscopy was found to be a relevant and accurate technique to follow self-diffusion of aroma compounds at low concentrations in a complex food matrix and to obtain information on diffusion of the sucrose and of the water molecules. We showed that aroma self-diffusion was strongly decreased in fruit preparation because of the high sucrose content, which induces the formation of a network through hydrogen bonds with water. Self-diffusion coefficients were determined for aroma molecules of different natures, and values are related to the physicochemical properties of the molecule.  相似文献   

Fish responses to acidity in Québec lakes: A review     

J. -J. Frenette  Y. Richard  G. Moreau 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1986,30(1-2):461-475

To establish the impact of acidity on fish populations,studies were conducted in 37 Québec lakes located in four regions; the réserve des Laurentides and Portneuf and the Charlevoix and Témiscamingue regions. Density (catch per unit effort) of brook chary (Salvelinus fontinalis) decreases with increasing acidity. Moreover, in the Charlevoix region, this species has disappeared from three acid lakes (4.6 ?pH?5.l) with low Ca levels. Unlike growth, condition demonstrates a close relationship to acidity in brook charr populations. The total Al concentration in gills decreases with increasing size and pH. Lake acidity and sensitivity to acidification introduces problems in gamefish management. A survey of 17 lakes of the Témiscamingue region reveals that species diversity and total fish biomass are much lower in acid lakes than non acid lakes. In addition, two acid lakes are devoid of fish. Cyprinidae and Johnny darters (Etheostoma nigrum) are abundant in lakes with a pH level of 5.9 to 7.0 but are absent in lakes with a pH lower than 5.2. The yellow perch (Perca flavescens) is the only fish that appears to be tolerant to a wide pH range. This species, however, is in poor condition in acid lakes as compared with non acid lakes.  相似文献   

Identification of nosiheptide in feeds and detection of residues in animal tissues   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

C Pascal  C Gaillard  M O Moreau 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1979,62(5):976-981

Nosiheptic is determined in fermentation broths of Streptomyces actuosus either by a microbiological method using Staphylococcus aureus or, more easily, by an automated colorimetric method. The results obtained with both methods correspond well for concentrations greater than 100 microgram/mL with a standard deviation of 1-3%. For determination of nosiheptide as a feed additive, the microbiological assay is made more specific by pretreatment with petroleum ether and 1N HCl. Standard deviation is less than 4%, and the assay is sensitive to 1 ppm. Nosiheptide is identified in feed containing other frequently used antibiotics by thin layer chromatography with bioautography; sensitivity is 1 ppm. The absence of traces of nosiheptide in tissues of treated swine and broiler is confirmed by microbiological diffusion, sensitive to 0.025 ppm.  相似文献   

Thermal stability of soil organic matter pools and their δC values after C₃-C₄ vegetation change     

Maxim Dorodnikov  Andreas Fangmeier 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2007,39(5):1173-1180

Carbon isotopic composition of soils subjected to C₃-C₄ vegetation change is a suitable tool for the estimation of C turnover in soil organic matter (SOM) pools. We hypothesized that the biological availability of SOM pools is inversely proportional to their thermal stability. Soil samples from a field plot with 10.5 years of cultivation of the C₄ plant Miscanthus×gigantheus and from a reference plot under C₃ grassland vegetation were analysed by thermogravimetry coupled with differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC). According to differential weight losses (dTG) and energy release or consumption (DSC), five SOM pools with increasing thermal stability were distinguished: (I) 20-190 °C, (II) 190-310 °C, (III) 310-390 °C, (IV) 390-480 °C, and (V) 480-1000 °C. Their δ¹³C values were analysed by EA-IRMS. The weight losses in pool I were connected with water evaporation, since no significant C losses were measured and δ¹³C values remained unchanged. The δ¹³C of pools II and III in soil samples under Miscanthus were closer to the δ¹³C of the Miscanthus plant tissues (−11.8‰) compared to the thermally stable SOM pool V (−19.5‰). The portion of the Miscanthus-derived C₄-C in total SOM in 0-5 cm reached 55.4% in the 10.5 years. The C₄-C contribution in pool II was 60% and decreased down to 6% in pool V. The mean residence times (MRT) of SOM pools II, III, and IV were similar (11.6, 12.2, and 15.4 years, respectively), while pool V had a MRT of 163 years. Therefore, we concluded that the biological availability of thermal labile SOM pools (<480 °C) was higher, than that of the thermal stable pool decomposed above 480 °C. However, the increase of SOM stability with rising temperature was not gradual. Therefore, the applicability of the TG-DSC for the separation of SOM pools with different biological availability is limited.  相似文献