Hematologic changes after total body irradiation and autologous transplantation of hematopoietic peripheral blood progenitor cells in dogs with lymphoma     

Escobar C  Grindem C  Neel JA  Suter SE 《Veterinary pathology》2012,49(2):341-343

Dogs with and without lymphoma have undergone hematopoietic cell transplantation in a research setting for decades. North Carolina State University is currently treating dogs with B- and T-cell lymphoma in a clinical setting with autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell transplants, using peripheral blood CD34+ progenitor cells harvested using an apheresis machine. Complete blood counts were performed daily for 15 to 19 days posttransplantation to monitor peripheral blood cell nadirs and subsequent CD34+ cell engraftment. This study documents the hematologic toxicities of total body irradiation in 10 dogs and the subsequent recovery of the affected cell lines after peripheral blood progenitor cell transplant, indicating successful CD34+ engraftment. All peripheral blood cell lines, excluding red blood cells, experienced grade 4 toxicities. All dogs had ≥ 500 neutrophils/μl by day 12, while thrombocytopenia persisted for many weeks. All dogs were clinically normal at discharge.  相似文献   

The potential value of agroforestry to dung beetle diversity in the wet tropical forests of the Pacific lowlands of Colombia     

Jhon César Neita  Federico Escobar 《Agroforestry Systems》2012,85(1):121-131

In tropical regions where agricultural activities are limited, agroforestry is an alternative for both economic development and for the management and conservation of biodiversity. The potential role of different types of land use as reservoirs of dung beetle diversity in the wet tropical forest of the Pacific lowlands of Colombia is evaluated in three agroforestry systems that differ in canopy cover and the sowing density of Borojoa patinoi crops associated with timber forest. Although total species richness was similar among land use types, differences related to the decrease in the abundance and biomass of the species were remarkable, and reflected in turn by the diversity and structure of the guilds. The general pattern observed was one in which the structure of the dung beetle assemblage of B. patinoi growing below a diversified and permanent tree cover was similar to that of the primary and secondary forest. Beetle diversity in management systems with less tree cover or a high sowing density of B. patinoi was lower and very similar to that of abandoned agricultural fields. This suggests that B. patinoi agroforestry systems can be viewed as valuable instruments for biodiversity management and conservation in the wet tropical forests of the Pacific lowlands and not just as substitutes for forest, though we must be aware that structural changes in the beetle community may in turn affect the ecological processes regulated by these insects in the agrosystems under study.  相似文献   

Morphological and pathogenic characterization of Corynespora cassiicola isolates reveals specific genotypic interactions in soybean     

María Laura Toulet  Diego A. Neira  Marcela Escobar  E. Mariano Pardo  Marta E. Arias  Leonardo Daniel Ploper  Björn Welin  Atilio Pedro Castagnaro  Nadia Regina Chalfoun 《Plant pathology》2022,71(4):843-859

Soybean target spot, caused by the fungus Corynespora cassiicola, is an important disease in northwestern Argentina (NWA). A cultural, morphological, and virulence characterization of 24 C. cassiicola isolates from different geographic localities in NWA was performed. The isolates were classified into five different cultural phenotypes, one of which has not been previously described. The ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region sequence from five representative isolates (587 bp) exhibited 100% identity with C. cassiicola. A high variability of conidial morphology was observed among isolates, but no correlation with cultural phenotype was observed. When the soybean cultivar A 8000 RG was challenged with the 24 isolates, different degrees of virulence were observed, ranging from highly virulent to nonvirulent. No association of virulence with cultural or morphological characters was observed, but a relationship with geographical origin was demonstrated. Histopathological studies were performed on a nonvirulent and a highly virulent isolate. Microscopic observations of infected tissues of the former showed low mycelium development restricted to the upper epidermis, a thickening of the cuticle and primary wall of subepidermal cells, and accumulation of callose in phloematic vessels. In tissue infected with the latter, there was abundant mycelium development accompanied by cellular disorganization in mesophyll cells. Pathological challenges of isolates on nine different cultivars indicated that the degree of virulence of isolates depends on the plant genotype, demonstrating that the C. cassiicola–soybean interaction is highly specific. Understanding the genetic basis of this interaction will provide new information for better disease management and breeding strategies.  相似文献   

Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Stocks in Soils of Northeastern Brazil Converted to Irrigated Agriculture     

Smia Paiva de Oliveira  Nilda Braga de Lacerda  Susana Churka Blum  Maria Eugenia Ortiz Escobar  Tegenes Senna de Oliveira 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2015,26(1):9-21

The productivity of agricultural areas in semi‐arid regions can be improved through the use of irrigation. However, the intensive cropping of such soils can have detrimental effects, especially with regard to soil organic matter (SOM) pools. The goal of this work was to evaluate soil organic carbon and nitrogen stocks of different irrigated agricultural systems and compare these to preserved natural ecosystems adjacent to each of the cropping systems. We selected four cropping systems: banana, a maize/bean succession (MB), pasture (P) and guava (G), as well as areas covered by native vegetation. Stocks of total soil organic carbon (TOC), amounts of unprotected and protected soil organic carbon, carbon and nitrogen in microbial biomass and microbial respiration were quantified. Surface soil TOC stocks under banana, G and P grass were significantly greater than under native vegetation and MB system. The most intensive management system was the MB, and the least intensive systems were P and G. The least intensive cropping systems were grouped on the basis of similarities in TOC, POC, total soil nitrogen and N in microbial biomass stocks. These results show that the degree of soil degradation resulting from changes in land use systems increases with the intensity of the land use systems themselves. This confirms the established hypothesis that the extent of degradation of soil properties and changes in some SOM fractions depend on the intensity of soil use. Furthermore, the adoption of conservation practices may remediate soil degradation and increase SOM stocks, mainly at the soil's surface. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Cereal and nut bars,nutritional quality and storage stability     

A. M. Estévez  B. Escobar  M. Vásquez  E. Castillo  E. Araya  I. Zacarías 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1995,47(4):309-317

Six snack-type bars were manufactured, to contain oat and wheat germ and two different walnut levels, agglutinated with natural sweeteners and fats. Two bars also contained toasted amaranth with brown sugar cover and wheat extrudate, while two others, contained puffed instead of toasted amaranth. Water activity (Aw) and moisture were determined in the manufactured products. Quality and sensory evaluation and proximate analysis were carried out on the bars containing highest levels of walnuts (18%). The caloric contribution of the bars was computed by Atwater methods. The nutritional quality of the bars was determined by means of the Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) and Net Protein Ratio (NPR), and the results were used to obtain relative PER and relative NPR. Samples of the latter bars were kept under accelerated storage for 15 days at 37 °C and analyzed every 5 days to determine their Aw, moisture, peroxide and sensory acceptability. The drying time for the cereal — and walnut — based bars was 45 min at 120 °C. All bars presented a good fiber supply and the CN₁ bar, containing only oat, wheat germ and walnut, had the greatest protein content. In the sensory evaluation, the walnut level with the greatest preference was 18%. PER and NPR values of the bars did not differ significantly showing values approximately 86% that of the casein value. During storage, the moisture and Aw decreased in all the bars. Peroxides remained within the acceptable ranges; acceptability based on sensory evaluation remained best in the bar with toasted amaranth. Walnuts can successfully be used in the manufacture of snack bars as these offer good nutritional and sensory quality and remain stable in storage.  相似文献   

Effect of Heated and Unheated Fish Silage as a Protein Source in Diets for Abalone Haliotis fulgens     

Maria Teresa  Viana  Jose Manuel  Guzman Roberto  Escobar 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1999,30(4):481-489

Both unheated (US) and heated (HS) fish silage were evaluated as sole dietary protein sources in an artificial diet for the culture of juvenile abalone Haliotis fulgens . The fish silage was heated to reduce the level of hydrolysis and thereby increase the availability of nutrients. After 140 d of culture, growth rates of abalone fed the US- and HS-containing diets were 16.4 and 19.8 μm/d and were not significantly different despite greater leaching of protein and carbohydrate in the US-containing diet. Growth rates achieved with the US- and HS-containing diets were significantly lower than that achieved by feeding a commercially available diet used as a reference diet. Abalone that were fed the US- and HS-containing diets were then switched to a diet in which two-thirds of the total amount of silage was replaced with fishmeal. At the termination of the experiment, day 217, the abalone originally fed the US and HS diets had composite growth rates of 24.3 and 23.5 μm/d, while abalone that continued to be fed the commercial diet had a growth rate of 18.6 μm/d. Stability of the dry matter of the diets was not related to the level of protein leaching. Fish meal out performs fish silage as a dietary protein source for abalone. However, growth rates achieved still fall short of that needed to achieve a market size product within a 2-yr period of growth.  相似文献   

Pathology in practice. Gallbladder mucocele rupture, bile peritonitis, cholestasis, and liver inflammation and necrosis     

Escobar MC  Neel JA 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2011,239(1):65-67

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Cardiorespiratory effects of isoflurane anesthesia in crested caracaras (Caracara plancus)     

Escobar A  Thiesen R  Vitaliano SN  Belmonte EA  Werther K  Valad?o CA 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2011,42(1):12-17

To evaluate the cardiorespiratory changes induced by isoflurane (ISO) anesthesia in the crested caracara (Caracara plancus), eight crested caracaras that weighed 1.0 kg (range 0.9-1.1 kg) were the subjects for the study. The birds were anesthetized by face mask with ISO for brachial artery catheterization. After recovery, anesthesia was re-induced and maintained with ISO with spontaneous ventilation. Electrocardiography, direct systolic arterial blood pressure (SAP), diastolic arterial blood pressure (DAP), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), respiratory rate (RR), end-tidal carbon dioxide (P(ET)CO2), and cloacal temperature (T degrees C) were measured before induction (baseline, under physical restraint) and after 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 min of ISO anesthesia. Arterial blood samples were collected for blood gas analysis at baseline, 10, 25, and 40 min. No cardiac arrhythmias were observed in the present study. RR, SAP, DAP, MAP, T degrees C and pH decreased from baseline values, whereas arterial partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide, bicarbonate concentration, and P(ET)CO2 were significantly higher than baseline. Apnea was not observed in any bird. ISO anesthesia is suitable for use in healthy members of this species despite the moderate cardiovascular and respiratory depression produced.  相似文献   

Generation of recombinant antibody fragments that target canine dendritic cells by phage display technology     

Fitting J  Killian D  Junghanss C  Willenbrock S  Murua Escobar H  Lange S  Nolte I  Barth S  Tur MK 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2011,9(3):183-195

One of the main goals in cancer immunotherapy is the efficient activation of the host immune system against tumour cells. Dendritic cells (DCs) can induce specific anti-tumour immune responses in both experimental animal models and humans. However, most preclinical studies using small animal models show only limited correlation with studies carried out in clinical settings, whereas laboratory dogs naturally develop tumours that are biologically and histopathologically similar to their human counterparts. Here, we describe the generation and characterization of recombinant antibodies against canine DCs, isolated using the Tomlinson phage display system. We successfully isolated highly specific single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies in a sequential three-step panning strategy involving depletion on canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells followed by positive selection on native canine DCs. This provides the basis for an antibody-based method for the immunological detection and manipulation of DCs and for monitoring antigen-specific immune responses.  相似文献   

Genetic diversity of Orobanche cumana populations from Spain assessed using SSR markers     

R Pineda‐Martos  L Velasco  J Fernández‐Escobar  J M Fernández‐Martínez  B Pérez‐Vich 《Weed Research》2013,53(4):279-289

Orobanche cumana (sunflower broomrape) is found in Spain as an allochthonous species parasitising exclusively sunflower. For many years, it was distributed in the Guadalquivir Valley and Cuenca province, but in recent years, it has spread to new areas. The objective of this research was to study genetic diversity of O. cumana populations from Spain using robust co‐dominant molecular markers. Cluster analysis on a set of 50 populations using 15 microsatellite markers revealed the existence of two distant gene pools, one in Cuenca province and another one in the Guadalquivir Valley. Within each gene pool, both inter‐ and intrapopulation variability were extremely low. This population structure probably reflects a founder effect, with the two genetically distant gene pools deriving from separate introduction events. Different races occurred within the same gene pool, suggesting that current races might have evolved through mutation from a common genetic background. Most of the populations from new areas were identical to the populations from the Guadalquivir Valley. Only a few populations showed larger intrapopulation variation. In these cases, our results suggested the co‐existence of both gene pools within the same population, as well as the occurrence of genetic recombination between them. Genetic recombination between distant gene pools is an important mechanism for creating new variation, which might also have an effect on race evolution. These results will contribute to the establishment of improved crop breeding and management strategies for O. cumana control.  相似文献