Variation of interplate fault zone properties with depth in the japan subduction zone   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

SL Bilek  T Lay 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,281(5380):1175-1178

The depth dependence of physical properties along the Japan subduction zone interface was explored using teleseismic recordings of earthquake signals. Broadband body waves were inverted to determine the duration of rupture and source depth for 40 interplate thrust earthquakes located offshore of Honshu between 1989 and 1995. After scaling for differences in seismic moment, there is a systematic decrease in rupture duration with increasing depth along the subducting plate interface. This indicates increases in rupture velocity or stress drop with depth, likely related to variation in rigidity of sediments on the megathrust.  相似文献   

Biodiversity assessment and conservation strategies   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

van Jaarsveld AS  S Freitag  SL Chown  C Muller  S Koch  H Hull  C Bellamy  M Kruger  S Endrody-Younga  MW Mansell  CH Scholtz 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,279(5359):2106-2108

The efficient representation of all species in conservation planning is problematic. Often, species distribution is assessed by dividing the land into a grid; complementary sets of grids, in which each taxon is represented at least once, are then sought. To determine if this approach provides useful surrogate information, species and higher taxon data for South African plants and animals were analyzed. Complementary species sets did not coincide and overlapped little with higher taxon sets. Survey extent and taxonomic knowledge did not affect this overlap. Thus, the assumptions of surrogacy, on which so much conservation planning is based, are not supported.  相似文献   

Surgical results and fertility following correction of vesicovaginal reflux in mares     

SL Jalim  AO McKinnon 《Australian veterinary journal》2010,88(5):182-185

Objective To evaluate the surgical results and fertility of mares bred at various intervals relative to surgical management of urovagina. Design Sixty-one mares underwent surgery to correct vesicovaginal reflux. Surgery was performed at varying times relative to breeding and postoperative fertility was evaluated. Results Five mares were lost to follow-up and a further four were electively not bred. Of the remaining 52 mares, seasonal pregnancy and live foaling rates were 67% (35/52) and 54% (26/48), respectively. When mares were bred in the same cycle as the surgery, the first cycle following surgery, the second cycle following surgery or the following breeding season after surgery the seasonal pregnancy rates were 89% (8/9), 63% (10/16), 67% (2/3) and 63% (15/24), respectively. After censoring four mares that died of natural causes pre-foaling, the foaling rates were 88% (7/8), 50% (7/14), 0% (0/3), 52% (12/23), respectively. All mares bred in the same cycle as surgery or in the next cycle were bred once only that season, so the pregnancy rate per cycle of 72% (18/25) was identical to the seasonal pregnancy rate. Conclusions Good fertility (comparable to a normal population of mares) was achieved following surgery and the results suggest that delaying breeding until the following breeding season is not necessary. In addition, breeding in the same cycle as surgical repair is a previously unreported technique that should be considered to maintain a yearly foaling interval.  相似文献   

Distal luxation of the patella in a horse     

MS Hall  SL Jalim  TM Russell 《Australian veterinary journal》2010,88(10):396-398

A 19-year-old Thoroughbred gelding presented with sudden onset, non-weight bearing lameness in the right hindlimb. Radiography confirmed distal luxation of the patella, which was replaced into its normal anatomical location under general anaesthesia. There were no pathological sequelae noted on follow-up examination 9 months after the initial injury. To our knowledge, this is a rare manifestation of patellar luxation, only reported once previously in the equine literature.  相似文献   

Multicriteria estimate of coral reef fishery sustainability          下载免费PDF全文

Timothy R McClanahan 《Fish and Fisheries》2018,19(5):807-820

A holistic basis for achieving ecosystem‐based management is needed to counter the continuing degradation of coral reefs. The high variation in recovery rates of fish, corresponding to fisheries yields, and the ecological complexity of coral reefs have challenged efforts to estimate fisheries sustainability. Yet, estimating stable yields can be determined when biomass, recovery, changes in per area yields and ecological change are evaluated together. Long‐term rates of change in yields and fishable biomass‐yield ratios have been the key missing variables for most coral reef assessments. Calibrating a fishery yield model using independently collected fishable biomass and recovery data produced large confidence intervals driven by high variability in biomass recovery rates that precluded accurate or universal yields for coral reefs. To test the model's predictions, I present changes in Kenyan reef fisheries for >20 years. Here, exceeding yields above 6 tonnes km^?2 year^?1 when fishable biomass was ~20 tonnes/km² (~20% of unfished biomass) resulted in a >2.4% annual decline. Therefore, rates of decline fit the mean settings well and model predictions may therefore be used as a benchmark in reefs with mean recovery rates (i.e. r = 0.20–0.25). The mean model settings indicate a maximum sustained yield (MSY) of ~6 tonnes km^?2 year^?1 when fishable biomass was ~50 tonnes/km². Variable reported recovery rates indicate that high sustainable yields will depend greatly on maintaining these rates, which can be reduced if productivity declines and management of stocks and functional diversity are ineffective. A number of ecological state‐yield trade‐off occurs as abrupt ecological changes prior to biomass levels that produce MSY.  相似文献   

Demographic and preliminary employment data of the first two graduate cohorts from a rural veterinary school          下载免费PDF全文

JH Hyams  SL Raidal  LM Hayes  J Heller 《Australian veterinary journal》2017,95(4):91-100

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Antimicrobial stewardship in equine practice     

SL Raidal 《Australian veterinary journal》2019,97(7):238-242

Antimicrobial stewardship involves the judicious use of antimicrobials balanced against the requirement to treat the presenting clinical condition. The same mandate and principles as discussed in human medicine and other veterinary disciplines are relevant to equine practice. This brief review will focus on available resources for equine practitioners, emerging perspectives on antimicrobial use and stewardship, and opportunities for more effective antimicrobial use in equine practice. There is a need for improved client education, availability of faster and more accurate techniques for identification and sensitivity testing of bacterial pathogens, and the development of novel agents.  相似文献   

An ex vivo comparison of cuffed endotracheal tubes and self-sealing baffled endotracheal tubes     

SL Loomis  EB Okrasinski 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2018,66(6):297-301

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Unusual presentation of neosporosis in a neonatal puppy from a litter of bulldogs          下载免费PDF全文

MM McAllister  O Funnell  SL Donahoe  J Šlapeta 《Australian veterinary journal》2016,94(11):411-414

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Perceptions of fishing access restrictions and the disparity of benefits among stakeholder communities and nations of south‐eastern Africa          下载免费PDF全文

Tim R McClanahan  Caroline A Abunge 《Fish and Fisheries》2016,17(2):417-437

Achieving high compliance with resource‐use management policies is a critical concern to achieving sustainability, particularly in poor countries. Willingness to comply may depend on the values and perceptions of benefits and legitimacy of the restrictions. Consequently, we interviewed and evaluated the perceptions of fishing restrictions among ~2100 marine fisheries stakeholders (resource users and managers) in 102 fishing villages in Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique and Tanzania. We hypothesized that perceived benefits would decline and social inequity increase along a hypothesized gradient of increasing access restriction – ranging from minimum size of fish to fisheries closures. Managers did not recognize the hypothesized access restriction gradient, seeing most restrictions as beneficial, but with some nation‐specific distinctions. Village‐level responses of resource users varied by country, and overall perceived benefits of access restrictions increased with the wealth, education and membership in fishing organizations. In Kenya and Tanzania, some communities with views that differed greatly from managers were, in places, found near marine protected areas and they perceived more benefits accruing to the government than resource users for the strongest access restrictions. Madagascar and Mozambique fishing villages had low between‐community variability, and their responses did not reflect the hypothesized restriction gradient or strong social disparity, which may reflect limited practical experience with restrictions. These results suggest that countries with stronger central governments contained villages with more between‐community variability and perceived social disparity than weaker governments. We argue that transparent negotiations with stakeholders about the scales of costs and benefits should increase compliance with selected fisheries regulations.  相似文献