The echocardiographic effects of romifidine in dogs with and without prior or concurrent administration of glycopyrrolate   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sinclair MD  O'Grady MR  Kerr CL  McDonell WN 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2003,30(4):211-219

Objective To determine the cardiopulmonary response to romifidine (RO) in the dog with or without prior or concurrent administration of glycopyrrolate. Study Design Randomized, cross‐over experimental study. Animals Six (three male, three female) cross‐bred dogs weighing 23 ± 2.4 kg. Methods Two‐dimensional guided M‐mode echocardiography was performed in conscious dogs simultaneously with measurement of systolic arterial blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR). Dimensions of the left ventricle (LVID), interventricular septum (IVS), and left ventricular free wall (LVFW) were obtained in systole (S) and diastole (D). Amplitude of motion (Amp) of the IVS and LVFW were also measured. From these, measures of wall stress (WS) and fractional shortening (FS) of the left ventricle were derived. Baseline echocardiographic measurements were recorded, following which one of the five treatments was administered. Glycopyrrolate (G) 0.01 mg kg^?1, or saline (S) 0.5 mL, was administered IM as pre‐medication (Gp or Sp), or G was administered concurrently (Gc) with romifidine (RO). Treatments were: T₁, Sp + RO (40 μg kg^?1); T₂, Gp + RO (40 μg kg^?1); T₃, Sp + RO (120 μg kg^?1); T₄, Gp + RO (120 μg kg^?1); and T₅, Sp + Gc +RO (120 μg kg^?1). Romifidine or RO + Gc was administered SC 20 minutes after pre‐medication (time 0), and further measurements were taken 10, 20, 30, 60, and 90 minutes after RO. Results Echocardiographic indices of cardiac systolic function (LVID‐S, FS, Amp‐LVFW) and HR were decreased in RO‐sedated dogs (p < 0.0001) . The magnitude of change in cardiac indices was least with low‐dose RO. At most sampling times, high‐dose RO produced significantly more alteration in cardiac indices. Systolic blood pressure increased in all treatment groups, with the greatest increases in those groups receiving G. Glycopyrrolate significantly increased HR; however, cardiac indices were further reduced. Wall stress significantly increased, with a more dramatic increase in groups receiving G. Conclusions Indices of LV systolic function were reduced in RO‐sedated dogs in a dose‐related manner. Glycopyrrolate further reduced these indices and dramatically increased measurements of wall stress in dogs sedated with RO. Clinical relevance Use of low‐dose RO minimizes cardiac dysfunction; however, it should still be used cautiously in dogs with cardiomyopathy or heart failure. The routine use of G is not recommended to alleviate the bradycardia associated with RO in conscious dogs.  相似文献   

Veterinary research and human health.          下载免费PDF全文

I R Dohoo  W N McDonell  C S Rhodes    Y L Elazhary 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1998,39(9):548-556

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群养鸡谨防痢菌净中毒     

孙展和  李文恩  王海刚  贾俊亮 《中国兽药杂志》2005,39(7):55-56

痢菌净学名乙酰甲喹,是我国研制的具有自主知识产权的兽用抗菌药品.本品抗菌谱广,不易产生抗药性,价格低廉,在畜牧养殖业上应用广泛.但在使用过程中常因超剂量应用导致中毒现象发生,造成不应有的损失.本文从药品特性、中毒症状、剖检变化、治疗、中毒原因分析等五个方面对群养鸡痢菌净中毒做了详尽阐述,以期基层兽医临床工作者有所借签.  相似文献   

Mortality rates and associated factors in equine colic operations - a retrospective study of 341 operations          下载免费PDF全文

Pascoe PJ  McDonell WN  Trim CM  Van Gorder J 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1983,24(3):76-85

A retrospective survey of 300 surgical treatments for colic involving 341 interventions was carried out to determine mortality rates and associated factors. These horses had been referred to the Ontario Veterinary College over the period September 1974 to February 1980. Data from the case records was collected and stored on a computer and statistical analysis was carried out using X(2) tests.Fifty percent (150/300) of the horses survived to be discharged from the hospital. Fifty-two horses were euthanized during the operation and another ten horses should have been; if these cases are excluded the overall survival rate is 64.7% (150/232). A wide range of breeds were involved but the breed did not significantly affect survival. There was a significantly greater occurrence of serious colic in the two week to two month and one to two year age groups and significantly less in the two to four year age groups when compared with the total number of horses admitted over the same period. There was an even distribution of male and female horses but males showed a significantly lower mortality rate (57% of the males survived compared with 43% of the females). The size of the animal did not affect survival significantly. There was no seasonal variation when compared with the total number of equine patients.Survival was significantly influenced by the lesion, the preoperative packed cell volume and total plasma protein and by the length of the surgical procedure.  相似文献   

Mortality Rates and Associated Factors in Equine Colic Operations — A Retrospective Study of 341 Operations          下载免费PDF全文

P. J. Pascoe  W. N. McDonell  Cynthia M. Trim    J. Van Gorder 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1983,24(3):76-82,83-85

A retrospective survey of 300 surgical treatments for colic involving 341 interventions was carried out to determine mortality rates and associated factors. These horses had been referred to the Ontario Veterinary College over the period September 1974 to February 1980. Data from the case records was collected and stored on a computer and statistical analysis was carried out using X² tests.

Fifty percent (150/300) of the horses survived to be discharged from the hospital. Fifty-two horses were euthanized during the operation and another ten horses should have been; if these cases are excluded the overall survival rate is 64.7% (150/232). A wide range of breeds were involved but the breed did not significantly affect survival. There was a significantly greater occurrence of serious colic in the two week to two month and one to two year age groups and significantly less in the two to four year age groups when compared with the total number of horses admitted over the same period. There was an even distribution of male and female horses but males showed a significantly lower mortality rate (57% of the males survived compared with 43% of the females). The size of the animal did not affect survival significantly. There was no seasonal variation when compared with the total number of equine patients.

Survival was significantly influenced by the lesion, the preoperative packed cell volume and total plasma protein and by the length of the surgical procedure.

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Safety and efficacy of preoperative administration of meloxicam, compared with that of ketoprofen and butorphanol in dogs undergoing abdominal surgery   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Mathews KA  Pettifer G  Foster R  McDonell W 《American journal of veterinary research》2001,62(6):882-888

OBJECTIVE: To compare the safety and efficacy of preoperative administration of meloxicam with that of ketoprofen and butorphanol in dogs undergoing abdominal surgery. ANIMALS: 36 dogs undergoing laparotomy, splenectomy, or cystotomy. PROCEDURE: Dogs were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups. In the first part of the study, dogs were given a single dose of meloxicam, ketoprofen, or a placebo, and buccal mucosal bleeding times were measured. In the second part of the study, dogs were given meloxicam, ketoprofen, or butorphanol prior to surgery. Dogs in the butorphanol group received a second dose immediately after surgery. Pain scores (1 to 10) were assigned hourly for 20 hours after surgery and used to determine an overall efficacy score for each dog. Dogs with a pain score > or =3 were given oxymorphone for pain. Dogs were euthanatized 8 days after surgery, and gross and histologic examinations of the liver, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract were conducted. RESULTS: Overall efficacy was rated as good or excellent in 9 of the 12 dogs that received meloxicam, compared with 9 of the 12 dogs that received ketoprofen and only 1 of the 12 dogs that received butorphanol. No clinically important hematologic, biochemical, or pathologic abnormalities were detected. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that preoperative administration of meloxicam is a safe and effective method of controlling postoperative pain for 20 hours in dogs undergoing abdominal surgery; the analgesic effects of meloxicam were comparable to those of ketoprofen and superior to those of butorphanol.  相似文献   

Cat genotype Tritrichomonas foetus survives passage through the alimentary tract of two common slug species     

Van der Saag M  McDonell D  Slapeta J 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,180(3-4):262-266

Three separate randomized, blinded, vehicle-controlled studies were conducted to determine the effectiveness of a single treatment and consecutive monthly treatments of a combination flavored tablet product containing spinosad and milbemycin oxime (MBO) in the prevention of the establishment of heartworm infections in dogs challenged with recent field isolates of the heartworm (HW), Dirofilaria immitis. For each study, dogs were allocated randomly based on pre-treatment body weights to treated or control groups of 10 animals each. Dogs were infected once with infective HW larvae, on Day-30, using either a Michigan isolate or a Georgia (MP3) isolate of D. immitis. Treatments of beef-flavored chewable tablets were administered in two studies one time either on Day 0 or Day 15, and in one study twice (Days 0 and 30, or Days 15 and 45) or 3 times (Days 0, 30 and 60). For the combination product groups, dosages were in the range of 30-45 mg/kg (13.6-20.5mg/lb) for spinosad and 0.5-0.75 mg/kg (0.2-0.34 mg/lb) for MBO. Necropsies for heartworm counts were completed following euthanasia on Day 120 or Day 123. A single treatment with the combination product of spinosad and MBO 30 or 45 days post-inoculation with infective HW larvae was completely effective (100%) in preventing establishment of the Michigan D. immitis isolate, but efficacy against the Georgia MP3 isolate was incomplete, with geometric mean reductions in HW counts relative to vehicle treated controls of 99% reduction of the 30 day infection and a 98.9% reduction of the 45 day old infection. Against this same MP3 isolate, 3 consecutive monthly treatments provided complete prevention (100%) against establishment of D. immitis infections. The combination product of spinosad and MBO provides effective control of canine heartworms. A single treatment at 30 days post infection showed high but incomplete effectiveness against a heartworm isolate that had been shown to be partially refractory to treatment with marketed monthly heartworm preventives. Three consecutive monthly treatments provided complete control, providing support to the recommendation that heartworm prophylaxis should be maintained year round for optimal effectiveness.  相似文献   

A comparison of romifidine and xylazine when used with diazepam/ketamine for short duration anesthesia in the horse.   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

C L Kerr  W N McDonell    S S Young 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1996,37(10):601-609

The purpose of this study was to compare and evaluate sedation with intravenous xylazine (1.1 mg/kg bodyweight [BW]) versus intravenous romifidine (100 micrograms/kg BW) followed by induction of anesthesia with intravenous diazepam (0.04 mg/kg BW) and ketamine (2.2 mg/kg BW). Twelve healthy horses were used in a blinded, randomized, cross-over design. Heart rate, presence of 2nd degree atrioventricular heart blocks (2 degrees AVB), respiratory rate, arterial blood pressures, blood gases, packed cell volume, total serum proteins, and duration of anesthesia and recumbency were recorded. Induction and recovery quality was evaluated using a 0 to 4 score. Response to stimulation with noise, pressure, and cutaneous electrical stimulation was assessed at 5 minute intervals during recumbency to evaluate the depth of anesthesia. Heart rate was lower and 2 degrees AVB more frequent in the romifidine group, while blood pressure was lower in the xylazine group. Duration of anesthesia was longer in the romifidine group (mean 20.8, s mean 2.3 min) versus the xylazine group (mean 15.8, s mean 1.6 min), while induction and recovery were excellent in both groups. Respiratory rates, blood gas values, packed cell volumes, and total protein levels did not differ between groups. The results indicate that romifidine premedication followed by diazepam and ketamine is a very satisfactory regime for short duration intravenous anesthesia in horses.  相似文献   

An evaluation of the multiple-breath nitrogen washout as a pulmonary function test in horses.   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

G J Gallivan  L Viel    W N McDonell 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1990,54(1):99-105

Multiple-breath nitrogen washouts (MBNW) were performed with 29 light horses. Seven normal horses were used to examine the reproducibility, and 22, ranging from normal to severely diseased, were used to examine the changes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the effect of a bronchodilator, salbutamol, on the distribution of ventilation. The MBNW were analyzed using the functional residual capacity (FRC), end-tidal N2 concentration of the final breath of the MBNW (FETN2,fb), end-tidal N2 concentration when the cumulative expired volume was equal to body weight (FETN2,bw), lung clearance index (LCI), Becklake index (BI), mixing ratio (MR), index of distribution of inspiration (IDI), pulmonary N2 clearance delay (PCD) and ventilatory efficiency (EFF). The LCI, MR, IDI, PCD and EFF were calculated at end-tidal N2 concentrations (FETN2), equal to 3%, 2% and FETN2,fb. The EFF was also calculated at FETN2 = 8%, as was BI. The within day coefficient of variation for most indices of the MBNW was 10-15%. None of the indices varied significantly from day-to-day. The FETN2,fb, FETN2,bw, MR, IDI, PCD, and EFFfb, EFF3% and EFF2% differed between the horses with COPD and the normal horses, and all of the indices, except FRC, were correlated with a histopathological score of the small airways. The FETN2,bw appeared to be the most sensitive index in detecting the horses with COPD. In the horses with COPD, salbutamol caused a decrease in FRC and FETN2,fb indicating increased ventilation of the lung. However, LCI increased suggesting a less efficient distribution of ventilation.  相似文献   

Antagonism of xylazine induced sedation by idazoxan in calves.          下载免费PDF全文

T J Doherty  J A Ballinger  W N McDonell  P J Pascoe    A E Valliant 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1987,51(2):244-248

Idazoxan was studied at three dose rates to assess its potential as an antagonist to xylazine. Calves in the study group were initially given xylazine at a dose rate of 0.2 mg/kg intravenously followed 12 minutes later by idazoxan at a dose rate of either 0.05, 0.075 or 0.10 mg/kg intravenously. A control group received a saline injection instead of idazoxan. All three dose levels of idazoxan successfully reversed the xylazine induced central nervous depression and all animals stood within two minutes of injection. No residual signs of sedation were noticed and relapse did not occur. In addition idazoxan was successful in reversing respiratory and cardiovascular depression produced by xylazine. The results indicated that idazoxan may be used for rapid reversal of xylazine induced sedation in calves.  相似文献