Effects of Processing Conditions and Sorghum Cultivar on Alkaline-Processed Snacks     

E. L. Suhendro  C. M. McDonough  L. W. Rooney  R. D. Waniska  S. Yetneberk 《Cereal Chemistry》1998,75(2):187-193

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) grain was boiled or autoclaved in alkali, washed, drained, and dried into shelf-stable half-products (pellets). The pellets were deep-fat fried to produce a crunchy snack product. Effects of cooking time, drying method (pellet moisture content), and sorghum cultivar on unfried and fried pellets were evaluated. Increasing the alkaline cooking time from 30 to 60 min decreased the yield of the pellets from 96 to 84% (on a dry weight basis). Cooked sorghum dried at room temperature (24°C) for 18 hr, followed by oven-drying at 50°C for an additional 18 hr, produced pellets with a low moisture content (≤5%), that required a higher frying temperature (≥220°C). However, cooked sorghum dried at room temperature for 18 hr followed by oven-drying at 50°C for 5 hr produced pellets with 9% moisture and a lighterdensity highly acceptable product when fried at 220°C. Fat content of fried pellets averaged 18%. The optimum method for producing a light, crunchy, fried product was cooking for 60 min, drying to 9% moisture, and frying at 220°C. ATx631*Tx436, the hardest endosperm-texture sorghum used in the study, had the highest unfried and fried pellet yields. Dorado, an intermediate-to-soft endosperm-texture sorghum, and ATx Arg-1*Tx2907, a waxy sorghum, had lower yields. The fried pellets produced from Dorado and waxy sorghum (ATxArg-1*Tx2907) were more expanded than those produced from ATx631*Tx436.  相似文献   

Equine amnionitis and fetal loss: The case definition for an unrecognised cause of abortion in mares     

KH Todhunter  NR Perkins  RM Wylie  C Chicken  AJ Blishen  DJ Racklyeft  G Muscatello  MC Wilson  PL Adams  JR Gilkerson  WL Bryden  AP Begg 《Australian veterinary journal》2009,87(1-2):35-38

A series of abortions occurred in mares in New South Wales during 2004 that involved similar and unusual findings on post mortem examination of aborted fetuses and fetal membranes. The term Equine Amnionitis and Fetal Loss (EAFL) was developed to describe the condition. This form of abortion had not been previously recognised in Australia. The pathology alone is not specific for EAFL and diagnosis requires demonstration of a combination of certain pathological and bacteriological features. The purpose of this paper is to describe patterns considered consistent with EAFL cases as a working case definition for use by veterinarians and veterinary pathologists in identifying future cases of EAFL. More detailed papers are in preparation to fully describe the epidemiological, histopathological, and microbiological aspects of EAFL.  相似文献   

Anesthetic effects of different volumes of lidocaine for spermatic cord block in cattle     

Ana C. Neves  Juracy CB. Santos Júnior  Rodrigo L. Marucio  Monica Midon  Stelio PL. Luna 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(2):375-378

Objective

To evaluate three volumes of lidocaine for spermatic cord block to perform castration in cattle.

Study design

Randomized blinded clinical study.

Animals

Thirty mixed-breed Nellore cattle, aged 28–40 months and weighing 395 ± 21 (352–452) kg [mean ± standard deviation (range)].

Methods

Cattle were restrained in a chute and allowed to stand without sedation. Three milliliters of 2% lidocaine without epinephrine were infiltrated subcutaneously at each site of scrotal incision in all animals. The animals were allocated to three groups of 10 animals each. Lidocaine 2% was injected into each spermatic cord using a volume of 2, 3 or 4 mL in groups A, B, or C, respectively. The total volumes of lidocaine used were 10, 12, and 14 mL in groups A, B, and C, respectively. The duration of surgery and the retraction of the testicle (scored as positive or negative according to retraction of the testicle) during the procedure were recorded. The data were statistically analyzed by one-way anova followed by Tukey’s and chi-square tests. Differences were considered significant when p < 0.05.

Results

The mean surgical time was shorter in group C than in groups A and B (p < 0.001). In groups A, B and C, 90%, 60% and 10% of the animals showed retraction of the testicle, respectively. Fewer animals retracted the spermatic cord in group C than in group A (p = 0.002) and B (p = 0.02).

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Optimal spermatic cord block was achieved by injection of 4 mL of 2% lidocaine 5 minutes before castration and following incisional infiltration of lidocaine, in adult cattle weighing about 400 kg.  相似文献   

Infiltrative lymphocytic mural folliculitis: a histopathological reaction pattern in skin-biopsy specimens from cats with allergic skin disease     

Andrew S. Rosenberg  Danny W. Scott  Hollis N. Erb  Sean P. McDonough 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2010,12(2):80-85

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Comparison of first-opinion and second-opinion histopathology from dogs and cats with cancer: 430 cases (2001–2008)     

R. C. Regan  K. M. Rassnick  C. E. Balkman  D. B. Bailey  S. P. McDonough 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2010,8(1):1-10

Second-opinion histopathology is intended to detect clinically significant discrepancies that have a direct impact on patient care. We sought to determine if this practice at our institution affected patient management and prognosis. First- and second-opinion histopathology reports from cases were retrospectively reviewed. Reports were considered to be in diagnostic agreement, partial diagnostic disagreement or complete diagnostic disagreement. Four hundred and thirty cases were studied. In 70% of cases there was a diagnostic agreement. In 20% of cases, there was partial diagnostic disagreement, where diagnoses were the same but information such as grade or lymphatic and/or vascular invasion was changed. In 10% of cases, complete diagnostic disagreement resulted from a change in degree of malignancy (malignant to benign, or converse; 7%) or a change in cell type (3%). In 17% of the cases evaluated, the histopathology review prompted a change in treatment or prognosis. These findings support the use of second-opinion histopathology as an important part of patient care.  相似文献   

Postoperative analgesic effects of intravenous,intramuscular, subcutaneous or oral transmucosal buprenorphine administered to cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy     

Tatiana Giordano  Paulo VM Steagall  Tatiana H Ferreira  Bruno W Minto  Sílvia Elaine Rodolfo De Sá Lorena  Juliana Brondani  Stelio PL Luna 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2010,37(4):357-366

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Effects of Brans from Specialty Sorghum Varieties on In Vitro Starch Digestibility of Soft and Hard Sorghum Endosperm Porridges     

Dilek Lemlioglu Austin  Nancy D. Turner  Cassandra M. McDonough  Lloyd W. Rooney 《Cereal Chemistry》2012,89(4):190-197

Brans of specialty sorghum varieties (high tannin, black, and black with tannin) were used to investigate the effects of sorghum phenolic compounds on starch digestibility of soft and hard sorghum endosperm porridges. Endosperms of varieties with the highest and lowest grain hardness index were mixed with brans of specialty sorghum varieties in the ratio of 85:15 and cooked into porridges with distilled water using a Rapid Visco Analyzer. Brans of condensed tannin containing sorghum varieties (high‐tannin and black with tannin sorghums) significantly (P < 0.05) decreased starch digestibility and estimated glycemic index (EGI) and increased resistant starch (RS) content of endosperm porridges. However, the addition of phenolic‐rich tannin‐free (mostly anthocyanins) black sorghum bran significantly (P < 0.05) increased starch digestibility and EGI but did not affect RS content of endosperm porridges. The disparate effects with black bran may, in part, result from its larger particle size and different bran structure compared with other sorghum varieties evaluated. Thus, our study showed that not only presence of phenolic compounds in the brans but also structural differences of specialty sorghum brans can have significant effects on starch digestibility.  相似文献   

Bioavailability of lysine in selected foods by rat growth assay     

F. E. McDonough  C. E. Bodwell  A. D. Hitchins  R. S. Staples 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1989,39(1):67-75

Lysine bioavailabilities in reference protein and 16 test protein diets were estimated using 10 day rat growth assays. A standard growth curve was obtained by feeding 5 diets containing casein, zein and synthetic amino acids ranging in total lysine concentration from 0.3 to 0.7%. Experimental foods were added to the basal diet at the expense of zein and/or synthetic amino acids to provide 2 specific lysine concentrations, i.e., 0.4 and 0.6%. Availabilities were established by comparing growth responses from the test food diets to the regression line of the standard growth data. Availabilities were over 88% for 13 of 16 products. Utilization was poor in pinto beans (73%), rice-wheat gluten cereal (70%), and skim milk powder heated to 100°C for 12 h (66%). Addition of excess lysine (700 mg/100 g diet) to the pinto bean diet did not improve growth response; thus poor digestibility or some unidentified growth inhibitor is indicated.  相似文献   

Bioavailability of tryptophan in selected foods by rat growth assay     

F. E. McDonough  C. E. Bodwell  P. A. Wells  J. A. Kamalu 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1989,39(1):85-91

Tryptophan bioavailabilities were estimated in 16 protein sources using 10 day rat growth assays with casein as the reference protein. Growth responses of rats fed test food diets were compared to growth responses of rats fed basal diets with graded levels of tryptophan ranging from 50 to 100 mg of tryptophan/100 g diet. Estimates of tryptophan availabilities were 85–100% for all products except whole wheat cereal (73%) and pinto beans (59%). Results of a previous study on lysine availability indicated that poor response to pinto beans was due either to poor digestibility or to the presence of some unidentified growth inhibitor.  相似文献   

Oesophageal sarcocystosis observed at slaughter provides a reliable and efficient proximate measure of Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in sheep     

PL Taggart  MM McAllister  D Rutley  CGB Caraguel 《Australian veterinary journal》2020,98(7):305-311

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