Significant host jump of Xanthomonas vasicola from sugarcane to a Eucalyptus grandis clone in South Africa          下载免费PDF全文

T. A. Coutinho  L. van der Westhuizen  J. Roux  S. A. McFarlane  S. N. Venter 《Plant pathology》2015,64(3):576-581

A number of bacterial pathogens have previously been shown to cause blight and die‐back of Eucalyptus species. These include Pantoea ananatis, Pseudomonas cichorii, Xanthomonas axonopodis and Xanthomonas dyei pv. eucalypti. In 2003 a newly established compartment of a Eucalyptus grandis clone in the Mtunzini area of South Africa showed extensive leaf blight and die‐back. The plantation was located in an area where sugarcane is extensively cultivated. Bacteria were commonly found exuding from leaves and petioles. Numerous insects in the family Miridae were observed in the plantation and collected. Isolations from diseased material and mirid insects yielded two distinct bacterial species. The objectives of this study were to identify these bacterial species and determine their aetiology. Phenotypic methods as well as 16S rRNA and gyrB sequencing were performed on all isolates, confirming the presence of P. ananatis and Xanthomonas vasicola, of which the pathovar vasculorum (Xvv) is known to infect sugarcane and maize. Xanthomonas vasicola isolates from E. grandis and a strain of Xvv, previously isolated from sugarcane, were inoculated into the susceptible Eucalyptus clone and three sugarcane cultivars. All isolates were found to be pathogenic. This study thus suggests that X. vasicola has made a significant host jump from sugarcane to eucalypts in South Africa.  相似文献   

Thymus vulgaris essential oil and thymol against Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler: effects on growth,viability, early infection and cellular mode of action          下载免费PDF全文

Fabiano J Perina  Douglas C Amaral  Rafael S Fernandes  Claudia RG Labory  Glauco A Teixeira  Eduardo Alves 《Pest management science》2015,71(10):1371-1378

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The structure of the upper atmosphere of mars: In situ accelerometer measurements from mars global surveyor   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

GM Keating  SW Bougher  RW Zurek  RH Tolson  GJ Cancro  SN Noll  JS Parker  TJ Schellenberg  RW Shane  BL Wilkerson  JR Murphy  JL Hollingsworth  RM Haberle  M Joshi  JC Pearl  BJ Conrath  MD Smith  RT Clancy  RC Blanchard  RG Wilmoth  DF Rault  TZ Martin  DT Lyons  PB Esposito  MD Johnston  al et 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,279(5357):1672-1676

The Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) z-axis accelerometer has obtained over 200 vertical structures of thermospheric density, temperature, and pressure, ranging from 110 to 170 kilometers, compared to only three previous such vertical structures. In November 1997, a regional dust storm in the Southern Hemisphere triggered an unexpectedly large thermospheric response at mid-northern latitudes, increasing the altitude of thermospheric pressure surfaces there by as much as 8 kilometers and indicating a strong global thermospheric response to a regional dust storm. Throughout the MGS mission, thermospheric density bulges have been detected on opposite sides of the planet near 90 degreesE and 90 degreesW, in the vicinity of maximum terrain heights. This wave 2 pattern may be caused by topographically-forced planetary waves propagating up from the lower atmosphere.  相似文献   

Veterinary Ophthalmology     

RG Stanley 《Australian veterinary journal》1999,77(12):790-790

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Blue eye in a cat     

C. HARDMAN  RG STANLEY 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(9):595-596

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VITAMIN B₁₂ AND COPPER SUPPLEMENTATION IN BEEF CALVES     

G. J. Judson  J. D. McFarlane  †  M. J. Riley  †  M. L. Milne  † A. C. Horne 《Australian veterinary journal》1982,58(6):249-252

SUMMARY Bodyweight responses to subcutaneous injections of vitamin B₁₂ and copper were investigated using Hereford calves in the southeast of South Australia, an area known to produce cobalt and copper deficient sheep. Calves were allocated to one of four groups: control; copper; vitamin B₁₂; copper plus vitamin B₁₂. Responses in bodyweight gain to vitamin B₁₂, and to copper were obtained during the trial of one year. The results of biochemical analysis of blood, hair and faeces from calves and of dam's milk are reported. It is concluded that calves raised on cobalt-deficient pastures will require cobalt or vitamin B₁₂ supplementation prior to weaning.  相似文献   

Variation in plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone concentration and dexamethasone suppression test results with season, age, and sex in healthy ponies and horses     

Donaldson MT  McDonnell SM  Schanbacher BJ  Lamb SV  McFarlane D  Beech J 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2005,19(2):217-222

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the variation in plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) concentration and dexamethasone suppression test (DST) results with season, age, and sex in healthy, pony mares (n=15) and pony stallions (n=14) living under semiferal conditions and horse mares (n=10) living at pasture. Plasma ACTH concentrations were measured in September 2002, and in January, May, and September 2003. DSTs were performed in January and September 2003. Plasma ACTH concentrations in September 2002 and September 2003 were similar and were significantly greater than in January and May (P < .001). Plasma ACTH concentration was within the reference range for 38 (97%) of 39 subjects in January, for 39 (100%) of 39 subjects in May, for 2 (5%) of 39 subjects in September 2002, and for 3 (8%) of 39 subjects in September 2003. DST results were within the reference range in all subjects in January and were within the reference range for 29 (74%) of 39 subjects in September 2003. Plasma cortisol concentration at the end of the DST was significantly greater in September than in January (P = .002). Age was positively correlated with plasma ACTH and plasma cortisol concentration at the beginning and end of the DST Within the same season, plasma ACTH concentration in pony mares, pony stallions, and horse mares was not significantly different (P > .05). Seasonal changes in plasma ACTH concentration and DST results should be considered when interpreting endocrine test results.  相似文献   

Agreement in histologic assessments of the pituitary pars intermedia in aged horses     

McFarlane D  Miller LM  Craig LE  Dybdal NO  Habecker PL  Miller MA  Patterson JS  Cribb AE 《American journal of veterinary research》2005,66(12):2055-2059

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate concordance among veterinary pathologists in the assessment of histologic findings in the pars intermedia of pituitary gland sections from aged horses with mild signs suggestive of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID). Sample Population-10 pituitary glands from aged horses. PROCEDURE: 7 pathologists were provided with signalment, clinical signs, and a single H&E-stained pituitary gland section from 10 aged horses with mild signs suggestive of PPID. Pathologists described histologic findings for each section and stated whether findings were consistent with PPID. Agreement among pathologists and with antemortem diagnostic test results was calculated. RESULTS: Overall, only fair agreement was found among the pathologists as to which horses had histologic findings consistent with disease (mean +/- SE kappa value, 0.34 +/- 0.069). Interpretation of individual sections varied, with minimal agreement (4 or 5/7 pathologists) for 5 of 10 sections evaluated. Postmortem assessment was in agreement with an antemortem endocrine diagnostic test result 79% of the time. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Validation of antemortem diagnostic testing for PPID in horses often relies on the results of postmortem histologic evaluation. The lack of consensus in histologic interpretation of pituitary glands from aged horses with mild clinical signs in our study indicates that postmortem histologic evaluation of pituitary glands is an inappropriate standard in validation of antemortem diagnostic tests for detection of early PPID. Caution should be used when interpreting diagnostic test results in horses in which early PPID is suspected.  相似文献   

Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone release in response to thyrotropin releasing hormone in healthy horses, horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction and equine pars intermedia explants     

McFarlane D  Beech J  Cribb A 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2006,30(4):276-288

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Clinical field study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the amino-acetonitrile derivative, monepantel, compared with registered anthelmintics against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep in Australia   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

BC Hosking  TM Griffiths  RG Woodgate  RB Besier  AS Le Feuvre  P Nilon  C Trengove  KJ Vanhoff  BG Kaye-Smith  W Seewald 《Australian veterinary journal》2009,87(11):455-462

Objective   To determine the efficacy of monepantel, a developmental compound from the amino-acetonitrile derivative class of anthelmintics, against field infections of gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep.
Procedures   Comparisons of efficacy (using standard faecal worm egg count reduction tests) and safety (on the basis of visual observations) were made in a large-scale field study in Australia, between groups of sheep treated with either an oral solution of monepantel or a registered anthelmintic. The sheep were naturally infected with the major gastrointestinal nematode genera present in Australia.
Results   The post-treatment efficacy results for monepantel were: at 7 days (±1 day) efficacy was >98%; at 14 days (±1 day) it was generally close to or >99%; and at 21 days (±1 day) efficacy was consistently >99%. A high proportion of the targeted nematode populations were confirmed as being resistant to one or more of the currently available anthelmintic classes.
Conclusions   Monepantel when used under field conditions at a minimum dose rate of 2.5 mg/kg was highly effective against mixed-genus natural field infections of the major gastrointestinal nematode genera including Haemonchus , Teladorsagia ( Ostertagia ), Trichostrongylus , Nematodirus , Chabertia and Oesophagostomum . This result included efficacy against some populations resistant to the currently available broad-spectrum anthelmintics. Few Cooperia spp. were present to allow confirmation of efficacy against this genus. On no occasion after treatment did any commercial anthelmintic-treated groups have significantly lower faecal egg counts than the monepantel-treated groups. Monepantel was safe for the target animals and human operators when used in a field situation.  相似文献