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151.
Marc H. Ratzlaff DVM PhD Martha L. Hyde PhD Barrie D. Grant DVM MS Olin Balch DVM MS Patrick D. Wilson BS 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1990,10(1)
Instrumented shoes were used to measure the vertical forces exerted by horses moving at a variety of gaits. Two types of shoes were used; one contained a single transducer positioned over the center of the frog and the second contained transducers located at the toe and both sides of the heel. Horses were shod with these instrumented shoes and walked and trotted over a force plate. Forces were simultaneously recorded from the transducers in the shoes and from the force plate. Comparisons were made between the amount and duration of the forces exerted on the transducers and the vertical and horizontal forces recorded from the force plate. Forces recorded from the single transducer shoes showed strong correlations with the forces recorded from the force plate for horses moving at the walk; however, at the trot only moderate correlations occurred between these forces. At both the walk and trot, forces recorded from each side of the heel and the total forces occurring on all three transducers from the front hooves of horses shod with three transducer shoes showed strong correlations to the vertical forces recorded from the force plate.Vertical forces were also recorded from the instrumented shoes as horses walked, trotted and galloped on a track straightaway. Forces recorded from normal horses shod with single transducer shoes on all four feet were greater on the forelimbs than the rear limbs at the walk and trot. At the gallop, forces were highest on the lead front followed by the nonlead front, lead rear and nonlead rearlimb, respectively. Forces recorded from a three transducer shoe on the right front hoof of a horse walking, trotting and galloping in a right lead were highest on the medial side of the heel and occurred during the middle of the support period. Peak forces on the toe occurred at or near the time of heel lift.The results of these studies indicate that these instrumented shoes have advantages over the methods previously used to measure locomotor forces. These instrumented shoes can be used to simultaneously record the temporal components and the amount and distribution of vertical forces exerted during consecutive strides of horses moving at a variety of gaits. 相似文献
152.
Comparison of unilateral arytenoid lateralization and ventral ventriculocordectomy for the treatment of experimentally induced laryngeal paralysis in dogs. 下载免费PDF全文
J C Alsup C L Greenfield L L Hungerford B C McKiernan H E Whiteley 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1997,38(5):287-293
This study evaluated changes in respiratory function in dogs with experimentally induced laryngeal paralysis treated with either unilateral arytenoid lateralization or ventral ventriculocordectomy, and compared the effectiveness of these procedures. Evaluation consisted of clinical assessment and tidal breathing flow volume loop and upper airway resistance measurements. Carbon dioxide and doxapram hydrochloride were used as respiratory stimulants. Initially, all dogs improved clinically after corrective surgery. However, by the end of the study, laryngeal collapse had developed in 2 of 5 dogs corrected by ventral ventriculocordectomy. No statistical differences in upper airway mechanics testing were seen between the surgical procedures. With both groups combined, many measurements of upper airway obstruction improved after surgical correction. Based on this study, these surgical procedures yield comparable results, although additional studies are needed to evaluate both the cause of laryngeal collapse and the role of upper airway mechanics testing in the evaluation of canine laryngeal paralysis. 相似文献
153.
In order to test the hypothesis that an improvement in the quality of the dietary protein fed lactating mares would improve the growth of their nursling foals, Thoroughbred mares were fed approximately isonitrogenous diets differing slightly in their amino acid compositions during the last 2 weeks of gestation and the first 7 weeks of lactation. The differences in the diets resulted from the substitution of a portion of the complete pelleted feed with soybean meal (SBM). The crude protein content of mares' milk was significantly increased by SBM substitution during the first 5 weeks of lactation. However, SBM did not prevent the gradual decline in protein content typical of mares' milk during the course of lactation. The relative amino acid composition of mares' milk was not changed by SBM substitution, suggesting that more growth-limiting amino acids were provided to the foals suckling from SBM-supplemented mares. The plasma concentrations of lysine, methionine, leucine, phenylalanine, histidine and valine were significantly greater in the foals of SBM-supplemented mares. Those foals grew in withers height about 10% more rapidly during their first 7 weeks of life. These findings indicate that the growth of nursing foals is responsive to the amino acid composition of their dams' diets. 相似文献
154.
Thomas G. Nyland DVM Paul E. Fisher BS Clare R. Gregory DVM Erik R. Wisner DVM 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1997,38(1):55-61
The purpose of this study was to determine the best method to ultrasonographically monitor renal size changes associated with acute allograft rejection in dogs. Qualitative changes in renal cortical and medullary echogenicity were also evaluated, although this was not a major focus of the study. Four unrelated, mixed-breed dogs underwent bilateral nephrectomies and heterotopic renal allograft transplantation. Ultrasound examinations of transplanted kidneys were initiated at 3 days after surgery and continued at 2–3 day intervals until death (38±2 days). Ultrasound measurements of kidney length, width, height, cross-sectional area, and estimated volume were used to assess relative changes in renal size associated with transplantation and rejection. Transplanted kidneys had a rapid increase in volume and cross-sectional area that averaged 103% and 83% above baseline levels, respectively, by 17 days after transplantation. The increased size was attributed to a combination of hypertrophy and acute rejection, the latter of which was confirmed at postmortem. Kidney volume decreased to approximately 35% above baseline volume by day 34 as rejection became more advanced. Qualitative changes associated with rejection included medullary enlargement with decreased echogenicity early in the study, followed by increased cortical thickness and echogenicity with poor cortical medullary definition in the latter stages of the survival period. It was concluded that relative changes in renal allograft size can be easily monitored with ultrasound. In regard to linear measurements, changes in renal width were more pronounced than changes in height or length with acute rejection. Therefore measurements that incorporate the width, namely volume or cross-sectional area, appear to be the most sensitive for monitoring changes in allograft size. Renal cross-sectional area measurements are preferred because they are simple to perform using the automated calculation capability of most newer ultrasound units. 相似文献
155.
JAMES E. SMALLWOOD DVM MS STEVEN D. HOLLADAY BS MS 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1987,28(5):166-173
The purpose of the project was to use xeroradiography to provide a reference for radiographic anatomy of the equine digit and metacarpophalangeal region. The left foredigits and metacarpophalangeal joints of a mature horse and a 30-day-old foal were radiographed, using xeroradiographic techniques. Fifteen xeroradiographs, illustrating standard projections of each area, were selected and appropriately labeled to demonstrate normal radiographic anatomy of these regions. These xeroradiographs have been used successfully for several years to teach radiographic anatomy of these areas to first-year veterinary students at North Carolina State University. 相似文献
156.
Michael L. Hauser BS Norman W. Rantanen DVM MS 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1983,3(1):19-22
Using real-time ultrasound imaging, the normal anatomy of the soft tissues of the palmar aspect of the equine forelimb was examined. Sections of frozen specimens were prepared which correlated well with the ultrasound images. The superficial and deep digital flexor tendons, tendon sheaths, inferior check ligament (accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon), suspensory ligament, contours of the apices of the proximal sesamoids and the intersesamoidean ligament, were identified. 相似文献
157.
Guenther-Yenke CL McKiernan BC Papich MG Powell E 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2007,231(6):900-906
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of a brand of extended-release theophylline tablets and capsules in healthy cats. DESIGN: Randomized 3-way crossover study. ANIMALS: 6 healthy cats. PROCEDURES: A single dose of aminophylline (10 mg/kg [4.5 mg/lb], IV), a 100-mg extended-release theophylline tablet, or a 125-mg extended-release theophylline capsule was administered to all cats. Plasma samples were collected via preplaced central catheters throughout a 36-hour period. Plasma samples were frozen until analyzed by use of a fluorescence polarization monoclonal immunoassay. RESULTS: All cats tolerated drug administration and plasma collection with no adverse effects. Peak concentrations were reached for both orally administered products between 8 and 12 hours after administration. Bioavailability was excellent. Plasma concentrations were within the human therapeutic concentration of 5 to 20 microg/mL. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Daily administration of the brand of theophylline tablets and capsules used in this study at 15 mg/kg (6.8 mg/lb) and 19 mg/kg (8.6 mg/lb), respectively, maintained plasma concentrations within the desired therapeutic range in healthy cats. 相似文献
158.
The aim of this paper is to define the endoscopic bronchial anatomy of the cat and to adapt these findings to the bronchoscopic nomenclature previously described for the dog by Amis and McKiernan (Amis TC, McKiernan BC (1986) Systematic identification of endobronchial anatomy during bronchoscopy in the dog. American Journal of Veterinary Research 47(12), 2649-2657). In this study, the normal endoscopic bronchial anatomy was identified based on analysis of 10 air-dried feline lungs, two euthanased and eight healthy anesthetized cats using either a rigid or a flexible endoscope. Endoscopic photographs were taken during the examinations in the anesthetized cats for a photographic atlas. Corrosion casts were made from the 10 air-dried lungs to confirm the anatomy identified by bronchoscopy. With the results of our findings a bronchoscopic map of the feline bronchial tree and a photographic bronchoscopic atlas of the healthy cat were made. 相似文献
159.
Microangiographic Comparison of the Effects of 3 Loop Pulley and 6 Strand Savage Tenorrhaphy Techniques on Equine Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon 下载免费PDF全文
160.