A granulosa-theca cell tumour in a 15-month-old Thoroughbred filly     

Charman RE  McKinnon AO 《Australian veterinary journal》2007,85(3):124-125

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Effect of altered carbohydrate traits in hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) on nutrient profiles and availability and nitrogen to energy synchronization     

Ling Yang  David A. Christensen  John J. McKinnon  Aaron D. Beattie  Peiqiang Yu 《Journal of Cereal Science》2013

Four hulless barley cultivars (zero-amylose waxy, CDC Fibar; 5%-amylose waxy, CDC Rattan; normal-amylose, CDC McGwire and high-amylose, HB08302) were developed at the Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, with differences in carbohydrates traits on the basis of amylose (1–20% DM) and β-glucan (5–10% DM) content. The objectives of this research were to determine: 1) the effect of the alteration of these carbohydrate traits in hulless barley on nutrient availability in ruminants, and 2) carbohydrate structure conformation on hourly effective rumen degradation ratio, in comparison with hulled barley-CDC Copeland. Among the hulless barley lines, HB08302 was greater (P < 0.05) in rumen bypass crude protein (BCP: 52.1% CP), effective degradability (ED) of neutral detergent fibre (EDNDF: 74 g/kg DM) than these in CDC Fibar, whereas CDC Fibar showed greater (P < 0.05) effective degradable crude protein (EDCP: 90 g/kg DM) than the other hulless barley lines. Compared with hulless barley, the hulled CDC Copeland showed relatively greater (P < 0.05) BNDF (62.5% NDF or 98 g/kg DM), starch degradation rate (K_d: 17.4%/h) and EDST (75.9% ST) but reduced (P < 0.05) rumen undegradable protein (RUP: 49 g/kg DM). With the respect to hourly effective degradation (ED) ratios, hulless barley cultivars exhibited relatively optimal hourly ED ratios, ranging from 23 to 34 g N/kg CHO, higher than the hulled barley. Among hulless barley cultivars, CDC Fibar and Rattan had the highest (P < 0.05) ratios (34 g N/kg CHO), while the ratio for CDC McGwire (23 g N/kg CHO) was the lowest (P > 0.05). In conclusion, hulless barley lines with altered carbohydrate traits have the potential to increase rumen nutrient availability to ruminants. The altered carbohydrate conformation of hulless barley affected hourly ED ratios, thus affecting rumen nitrogen to energy synchronization.  相似文献   

Predicted truly absorbed protein supply to dairy cattle from hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with altered carbohydrate traits with multi-year samples     

Ling Yang  David A. Christensen  John J. McKinnon  Aaron D. Beattie  Peiqiang Yu 《Journal of Cereal Science》2013

Hulless barley breeding lines varying in amylose (1–20% DM) and β-glucan content (5–10% DM) have been developed at the Crop Development Centre, Canada. The objectives of this large-scale study were to 1) determine and confirm the effect of these new hulless barley lines (zero-amylose waxy, CDC Fibar; 5%-amylose waxy, CDC Rattan; normal-amylose, CDC McGwire and high-amylose, HB08302) with altered carbohydrate traits on 1) metabolic characteristics of protein; 2) intestinal digestion of various nutrients and 3) modeling nutrient supply from these barley varieties by using NRC Dairy 2001 model and DVE/OEB system. CDC Copeland was included as a hulled barley control. Among the hulless barley lines, CDC Fibar contained the highest and CDC McGwire contained the lowest total digestible protein (TDP: 147 vs. 116 g/kg DM). HB08302 was greater (P < 0.05) in intestinal digestible protein (IDP: 40.6% RUP) but relatively lower (P < 0.05) in total digestible protein (TDP: 120 g/kg DM). Compared with hulless barley, hulled barley showed relatively lower (P < 0.05) intestinal digestible protein (38 vs. 53 g/kg DM) and total digestible protein (102 vs. 129 g/kg DM). In modeling nutrient supply from the DVE/OEB system, the results showed hulled barley was lower (P < 0.01) in true protein supplied to the small intestine (TPSI: 127 vs. 142 g/kg DM), lower in truly absorbed rumen bypassed feed protein in small intestine (ABCP^DVE: 43 vs. 58 g/kg DM), lower in truly absorbed protein in the small intestine (DVE: 95 vs. 111 g/kg DM), and lower in degraded protein balance (OEB^DVE: −39 vs. −23 g/kg DM) than the hulless barley lines but greater (P < 0.01) in undigested inorganic matter (9 g/kg DM). From NRC Dairy 2001 model, CDC Fibar was greater (P < 0.05) in degraded protein balance (OEB^NRC: −30 g/kg DM) and metabolizable protein (MP: 118 g/kg DM) than the other hulless barley lines, while hulled barley was relatively lower (P < 0.01) in total metabolizable protein (MP: 83 vs. 105 g/kg DM). Our correlation results suggested that TDP was negatively correlated to amylose (r = −0.85, P < 0.001) but positively correlated to β-glucan level (r = 0.74, P < 0.001) in hulless barley cultivars. The DVE and OEB^DVE as well as MP were negatively correlated (P < 0.05) to amylose level but positively correlated to β-glucan level (P < 0.05). In conclusion, altered carbohydrate traits in the hulless barley varieties have the potential to increase intestinal nutrient availability to ruminants and significantly improved the truly absorbed protein supply to dairy cattle compared to hulled barley. Hulless barley with lower amylose and higher β-glucan level could provide greater (P < 0.05) truly digested protein in the small intestine, better synchronized available energy and N and increase metabolizable protein supply to ruminants.  相似文献   

Coxiella burnetii Shedding During the Peripartum Period and Subsequent Fertility in Dairy Cattle     

I Garcia‐Ispierto  I López‐Helguera  J Tutusaus  B Serrano  E Monleón  JJ Badiola  F López‐Gatius 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2013,48(3):441-446

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of Coxiella burnetii shedding or seropositivity on post‐partum recovery and subsequent fertility in high‐producing dairy cows. Given the difficulty in diagnosing C. burnetii infection at the farm level, an exhaustive series of tests in 43 pregnant animals that delivered at least one live calf were conducted, including blood serology and PCR of milk or colostrum, cotyledons (only at parturition), faeces, vaginal fluid against C. burnetii on gestation Day 171–177, at parturition and on Days 1–7, 8–14, 15–21, 22–28, 29–35 and 90–97 post‐partum. During scheduled herd visits, ultrasonography (US) of the genital tract and examination of vaginal fluid were performed on Days 15–21 (V1), 22–28 (V2), 29–35 (V3) and 51–57 (V4) post‐partum by the same veterinarian. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the likelihood of suffering endometritis (the presence of echogenic intrauterine fluid (IUF), cervical diameter of ≥4 cm or endometrial thickness ≥0.75 cm) was lower in C. burnetii‐seropositive animals (OR = 0.10), compared with C. burnetii‐seronegative animals. According to Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, C. burnetii‐seronegative and non‐shedding cows showed a delayed return to luteal activity and conception was delayed in non‐shedding animals, compared with the remaining animals. Overall, the results of our study provide useful insight into the effects of C. burnetii infection on post‐partum recovery and subsequent fertility. In particular, animals not infected with Coxiella seem to be susceptible to infection and not protected against the bacterium in dairy herds. The elevated costs of determining an infection at the farm level, make monitoring of cows virtually impossible from a clinical point of view.  相似文献   

Factors Affecting the First Service Conception Rate of Cows in Smallholder Dairy Farms in Bangladesh     

MAR Siddiqui  ZC Das  J Bhattacharjee  MM Rahman  MM Islam  MA Haque  JJ Parrish  M Shamsuddin 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2013,48(3):500-505

The successful outcome of an insemination is a combination of both male and female fertility‐linked factors. We investigated the first service conception rate of cows at artificial insemination (AI) in the smallholder dairy farms in Bangladesh. Frozen straws were prepared from ejaculates of Bos indicus (n = 7) and Bos indicus × Bos taurus (n = 7) AI bulls. Fertility was determined from 6101 first services in cows that were performed by 18 technicians in four regions between April 2004 and March 2005. Pregnancy was diagnosed by rectal palpation between 60 and 90 days post‐insemination. The Asian version of Artificial Insemination Database Application (AIDA ASIA) was used for bulls‐, cows‐ and AI‐related data recording, and later retrieved for analysis. The mean ± SD number of inseminations performed from individual bulls and their conception rates were 436.0 ± 21.6 and 50.7 ± 1.9%, respectively. Logistic regression demonstrated body condition scores (BCS), heat detection signs, months of AI and their interactions had greatest effects (odds ratios: 1.24–16.65, p < 0.04–0.001) on first service conception rate in cows. Fertility differed (p < 0.02–0.001) between the regions, previous calving months, months of AI, BCS, parity and heat detection signs of cows. Inseminations based on mounting activity (n = 2352), genital discharge (n = 3263) and restlessness and/or other signs (n = 486) yielded a conception rate of 53.6%, 48.8% and 50.1%, respectively (p < 0.05). Conception rate between technicians ranged between 43.4% and 58.6% (p < 0.05). The days interval from calving to first service (overall mean ± SD = 153.4 ± 80.6) had relationship (p < 0.001) with BCS, months of previous calving and parity of the cows. Fertility at AI in smallholder farms can be improved by training farmers on nutrition and reproductive management of the cows.  相似文献   

Foam stability of leaves from anthocyanidin‐accumulating Lc‐alfalfa and relation to molecular structures detected by fourier‐transformed infrared‐vibration spectroscopy     

A. Jonker  M. Y. Gruber  Y. Wang  B. Coulman  J. J. McKinnon  D. A. Christensen  P. Yu 《Grass and Forage Science》2012,67(3):369-381

Foam stability related to pasture bloat from alfalfa pastures might be reduced by introducing a gene that stimulates the accumulation of mono‐/polymeric‐anthocyanidin. The objective of this study was to determine the foam formation (at 0 min) and stability (at 150 min) from aqueous leaf extracts of three transgenic Lc‐alfalfa progeny (BeavLc1, RambLc3 and RangLc4), parental non‐transgenic (NT) alfalfa and AC Grazeland (bloat‐reduced cultivar) harvested at 07:00 or 18:00 h. Initial and final foam volumes at 07:00 h were lower for AC Grazeland compared with all other treatments and lower for RangLc4 compared with the other two Lc‐progeny at 0 min and NT‐alfalfa at 150 min. At 18:00 h, initial foam volume was larger for NT‐alfalfa and final foam volume was larger for RambLc3 compared with AC Grazeland, BeavLc1 and RangLc4. Spectroscopic vibration associated with carbohydrates increased initial foam volume and stability. More amide I relative to amide II, fewer α‐helices relative to β‐sheets and leaf extract ethanol‐film and protein content increased initial foam volume but did not stabilize it. Spectroscopic vibration associated with all carbohydrates other than structural carbohydrates was more important than vibration from protein structures for foam formation and stabilization. In conclusion, Lc‐alfalfa accumulated anthocyanidin and had reduced foaming properties compared with parental NT alfalfa but AC Grazeland and RangLc4 had the lowest foaming properties.  相似文献   

Nasal immunization with inhibin DNA vaccine delivered by attenuated Salmonella choleraesuis for improving ovarian responses and fertility in cross‐bred buffaloes          下载免费PDF全文

Q Liu  ZU Rehman  JJ Liu  L Han  XR Liu  LG Yang 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2017,52(2):189-194

This study was conducted to determine the effect of immunization with inhibin DNA vaccine delivered by attenuated Salmonella choleraesuis on ovarian responses and fertility in cross‐bred buffaloes. A total of 134 cross‐bred buffaloes were divided into four groups: groups T1 (n = 34), T2 (n = 35) and T3 (n = 31) were nasal immunized twice a day with 10 ml of 1 × 10¹⁰ CFU/ml of the C501 (pVAX‐asd‐IS) vaccine for 5, 3 and 1 day, respectively. Group C (n = 34) was nasal immunized with 10 ml PBS for 5 days. All animals were immunized twice with an interval of 14 days and administered with 200 μg of a GnRH analogue on day 28, 0.5 mg PGF_2α on day 35 and 200 μg of the same GnRH analogue on day 37. TAI was performed at 18 and 24 hr after the second GnRH treatment. Fourteen days after primary immunization, C501 (pVAX‐asd‐IS) elicited significant immune responses, and anti‐inhibin IgG antibody titres in group T1 were significantly higher (p < .01) than groups T3 and C. After the second GnRH treatment, the growth speed of the dominant follicles in group T1 was significantly faster (p < .05) than groups T3 and C. The number and diameter of large follicles (≥10 mm) as well as ovulatory follicles in group T1 were the greatest in all groups, resulting in a greater conception rate in buffaloes with positive anti‐inhibin antibodies. These results demonstrate that immunization with the C501 (pVAX‐asd‐IS) vaccine, coupled with the Ovsynch protocol, could be used as an alternative approach to improve reproductive performance in cross‐bred buffaloes.  相似文献   

Granulosa theca cell tumours     

A. O. McKinnon  K. J. Barker 《Equine Veterinary Education》2010,22(3):121-124

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Oxido-Reductases and Lipases as Dough-Bleaching Agents     

P. Glinas  E. Poitras  C. M. McKinnon  A. Morin 《Cereal Chemistry》1998,75(6):810-814

To replace benzoyl peroxide as a bread dough-bleaching agent, pure and commercial oxido-reductases (peroxidases, catalases, glucose oxidases, lipoxygenase, and laccase) were screened based on degradation of β-carotene in a liquid system (5 μg of β-carotene/mL of 0.1M citrate phosphate buffer at pH 5.5 or 6.5) or dough. Peroxidases had the best bleaching activity; some catalases also showed bleaching potential in a liquid system but not in bread dough, suggesting that screening enzymes in liquid media has limited application for dough. In 100 g of flour, combinations of peroxidase (3,000 U), lipase (815–1,630 U), and linoleic acid (0–300 mg) completely bleached bread dough.  相似文献   

用净碳水化合物-蛋白质体系评定反刍动物饲料营养价值   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

赵广永  D.A.Christensen  J.J.McKinnon 《中国农业大学学报》1999,4(Z1):1

分别从西安、上海、杭州、海拉尔和鄂温克等地采集反刍动物常用饲料样品32种,应用康奈尔净碳水化合物和蛋白质体系（CNCPS）提出的碳水化合物和蛋白质分类方法,分别测定了饲料的粗蛋白质、非蛋白氮（NPN）、可溶性粗蛋白（SCP）、酸性洗涤剂不溶粗蛋白（ADIP）和中性洗涤剂不溶粗蛋白（NDIP）及酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、木质素和淀粉。并根据CNCPS提出的计算方法计算了饲料粗蛋白质中的非蛋白氮（PA）、快速降解蛋白质（PB1）、结合蛋白质（PC）、中度降解蛋白质（PB2）、慢速降解蛋白质（PB3）和碳水化合物中的不可利用纤维（CC）、可利用纤维（CB2）、淀粉、果胶（CB1）和糖类（CA）。比较了CNCPS饲料评定技术与尼龙袋技术的优缺点,建议CNCPS体系可用于反刍动物饲料营养价值的评定。  相似文献