CASE REPORT: Anomalous nasolacrimal openings in a 2‐year‐old Morgan filly     

Brian C. Gilger  James Histed  Diana O. Pate  Alison B. Clode  Richard J. McMullen 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2010,13(5):339-342

This case report describes the clinical, diagnostic, computed tomography findings, and surgical treatment of a 2‐year‐old Morgan filly with bilateral, proximal, and distal anomalous nasolacrimal duct openings.  相似文献   

Treatment with eCG Decreases the Vascular Density and Increases the Glandular Density of the Bovine Uterus     

J Mona e Pinto  V Pavanelo Jr  L Alves de Fátima  LM Medeiros de Carvalho Sousa  G Pacheco Mendes  R Machado Ferreira  H Ayres  P Sampaio Baruselli  F Palma Rennó  P de Carvallo Papa 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(3):453-462

The uterus plays an essential role in mammalian reproduction and is a target of several hormonal protocols used to improve fertility in cattle. Many studies highlighted the importance of eCG treatment following fixed‐time artificial insemination in improving follicular growth, ovulation and pregnancy rates in cattle. Moreover, eCG has been implicated in angiogenesis, leading to important changes in uterine blood flow and vascularisation. However, there is still a lack of information regarding the specific alterations induced by eCG upon glandular and vascular characteristics of bovine uterus. To investigate the influence of eCG on: uterine thickness and area; uterine artery diameter and area; uterine vascular and gland density; and the expression of the VEGFA‐system, the uteri of crossbred beef cows were collected. All cows were submitted to follicular wave emergence synchronization. On day four of protocol, cows submitted to superovulation (n = 6) received 2000 IU eCG, on day eight, after expected follicular deviation, cows submitted to stimulatory treatment (n = 5) received 400 IU eCG. Control cows (n = 5) did not receive eCG. On day five po cows were subjected to ultrassonographic evaluation and slaughtered for uterine tissue sampling on day six po. Uterine vessels and glands were quantified by the counting point stereological method. The VEGFA‐system was localized in different cellular types, showing no qualitative or quantitative differences in the site of expression or the intensity of the positive signal among the groups. Vascular density was decreased in the endometrium of stimulated and myometrium of superovulated cows compared with the control ones, which showed higher vascular density in the myometrium and endometrium of the ipsilateral uterine horn. The uterine gland density was higher in superovulated compared with stimulated and control cows. Thus, we can infer that stimulatory or superovulatory treatments with eCG influence the vascular density in the endometrium and myometrium in cattle.  相似文献   

Polar Lipids from Oat Kernels     

Douglas C. Doehlert  Robert A. Moreau  Ruth Welti  Mary R. Roth  Michael S. McMullen 《Cereal Chemistry》2010,87(5):467-474

Oat (Avena sativa L.) kernels appear to contain much higher polar lipid concentrations than other plant tissues. We have extracted, identified, and quantified polar lipids from 18 oat genotypes grown in replicated plots in three environments to determine genotypic or environmental variation in these lipids. Validation experiments indicated a solid phase silica gel extraction step elution provided excellent and clean separation of extracted lipids into neutral lipid, glycolipid, and phospholipid fractions. Analysis of phospholipids by HPLC (normal phase, diol column) indicated phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, and lyso‐ forms but very little genotypic or environmental variation. Di, tri and tetragalactosyl‐diacylglycerols were quantified in the glycolipids, along with their mono‐, di‐, and triacyl estolides. Most of these exhibited significant genotypic variation. Molecular species analysis of the glycolipids in the Morton cultivar by direct infusion electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry confirmed the enormous diversity of galactosyl‐lipids in oats. Analyses indicated total lipid of ≈8.3% (dry weight basis), of which ≈10% was phospholipid and 11% was glycolipids. These results indicate that oats are a rich source of polar lipids and contain an extremely rich diversity of galactosyl‐lipids.  相似文献   

Periodontal disease in free-ranging koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) from the Mount Lofty Ranges,South Australia,and its association with koala retrovirus infection     

RG Butcher  LM Pettett  J Fabijan  E Ebrahimie  M Mohammadi-Dehcheshmeh  KN Speight  WSJ Boardman  PS Bird  DJ Trott 《Australian veterinary journal》2020,98(5):200-206

  相似文献   

The Morphogenesis of Bands and Zonal Winds in the Atmospheres on the Giant Outer Planets     

JYK Cho  LM Polvani 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,273(5273):335-337

The atmospheres of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune were modeled as shallow layers of turbulent fluid overlying a smooth, spherical interior. With only the observed values of radius, rotation rate, average wind velocity, and mean layer thickness as model parameters, bands and jets spontaneously emerged from random initial conditions. The number, width, and amplitude of the jets, as well as the dominance of anticyclonic vortices, are in good agreement with observations for all four planets.  相似文献   

Diode laser endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation in the normal equine eye     

Jay T. Harrington  Richard J. McMullen Jr.  John M. Cullen  Nigel B. Campbell  Brian C. Gilger 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2013,16(2):97-110

Objective To determine the clinical and histologic effects of diode endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation (ECP) in the phakic equine eye. Animals studied Phase I: 10 equine cadaver eyes. Phase II: four normal adult horses. Procedures Phase I: ECP probe angle of reach (AR) was determined. Multiple ECP energy levels: 0.75, 0.90, 1.05, 1.20, 1.35, 1.50 J, and the resulting visible and histologic ciliary process changes were evaluated. Phase II: Ocular quadrants were treated with ECP at 0.90, 1.14, 1.38 J, and a control. The contralateral eye underwent a sham operation. Tissue changes (clinical and histologic) were evaluated. Results Phase I: Mean combined AR was 162 ± 29 degrees. Mean visible tissue scores: 2.60 ± 0.58 (0.75 J) to 5.04 ± 0.30 (1.50 J) from possible total of 6. Tissue ‘popping’ was observed at 1.50 J. Histologic ciliary tissue damage was present at all settings. Phase II: Mean visible tissue scores: 2.90 ± 0.48 (0.90 J), 3.61 ± 0.57 (1.14 J), and 4.52 ± 0.56 (1.38 J). Tissue ‘popping’ was observed at 1.38 J. Histologic ciliary tissue damage was present at all settings. Clinical effects included acute inflammation, intraocular pressure reduction, cataract formation, corneal edema, corneal ulceration, and postoperative ocular hypertension. Conclusions Diode ECP between 0.90 and 1.14 J is a potential treatment option for glaucoma in horses based on visible tissue effects and target ciliary epithelium damage. Iatrogenic cataract development may limit the use of an anterior chamber approach in phakic horses. Supported in part by an ACVO VAF grant.  相似文献   

Effect of three treatment protocols on acute ocular hypertension after phacoemulsification and aspiration of cataracts in dogs     

Manuela Crasta  Alison B. Clode†  Richard J. McMullen Jr.†  Diana O. Pate†  Brian C. Gilger† 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2010,13(1):14-19

Objective  To compare the effect of topical latanoprost, intracameral carbachol, or no adjunctive medical therapy on the development of acute postoperative hypertension (POH) and inflammation after routine phacoemulsification and aspiration (PA) of cataracts in dogs.
Design  Retrospective study.
Procedures  Dogs received either one drop of topical 0.005% latanoprost (21 dogs, 39 eyes), an intracameral injection of 0.3 mL of 0.01% carbachol (15 dogs, 30 eyes), or no adjunctive therapy (46 dogs, 90 eyes) immediately following PA of cataract(s). Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured in all dogs 2 and 4 h after surgery. IOP was measured and aqueous flare assessed at 8 am the day after surgery.
Results  Carbachol-treated dogs had significantly higher mean IOP (33.2 ± SD 20.8 mmHg) 2 h after surgery than dogs receiving no adjunctive therapy (22.0 ± SD 14.1 mmHg) ( P  =  0 .049). There were no significant differences in IOP among groups at any other time point. There were no significant differences in number of POH episodes between dogs treated with carbachol (47%), latanoprost (29%), or dogs that received no adjunctive therapy (33%). There were no significant differences in mean aqueous flare grade between eyes treated with latanoprost (1.7 ± SD 0.4) or carbachol (1.4 ± SD 0.6), and eyes that received no adjunctive therapy (1.7 ± SD 0.4).
Conclusions  Topical 0.005% latanoprost or intracameral injection of 0.3 mL of 0.01% carbachol after PA in dogs did not reduce POH or increase intraocular inflammation compared to dogs not receiving adjunctive therapy after PA of cataracts.  相似文献   

Effects of Retinoids on the In Vitro Development of Capra Hircus Embryos to Blastocysts in Two Different Culture Systems     

A Chiamenti  CR Aguiar Filho  LM Freitas Neto  RM Chaves  FF Paula‐Lopes  PF Lima  PBD Gonçalves  MAL Oliveira 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(5):e68-e72

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of retinol (RT) and retinoic acid (RA) on the in vitro development of pre‐implantation goat embryos cultured in potassium simplex optimized medium or synthetic oviduct fluid or cocultured in oviductal cells monolayer either in potassium simplex optimized medium or synthetic oviduct fluid. A total of 2407 cumulus‐oocyte complexes were aspirated from 2 to 6 mm ovarian follicles from slaughtered animals. Selected cumulus‐oocyte complexes were subjected to in vitro maturation in TCM 199 for 24 h at 39°C in an atmosphere of 5% (v/v) CO₂ in humidified air. In vitro fertilization was performed in modified defined medium. Eighteen hours after in vitro fertilization, cumulus cells were removed and presumptive zygotes were randomly distributed into experimental groups. In Experiment 1, presumptive zygotes were cultured in potassium simplex optimized medium, potassium simplex optimized medium + RT, potassium simplex optimized medium + retinoic acid, synthetic oviduct fluid, synthetic oviduct fluid + RT and synthetic oviduct fluid + RA at 39°C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% (v/v) CO₂, 5% (v/v) O₂ and 90% (v/v) N₂. In Experiment 2, presumptive zygotes were cocultured in potassium simplex optimized medium + oviductal cells monolayer, potassium simplex optimized medium + RT + oviductal cells monolayer, potassium simplex optimized medium + RA + oviductal cells monolayer, synthetic oviduct fluid + oviductal cells monolayer, synthetic oviduct fluid + RT + oviductal cells monolayer and synthetic oviduct fluid + RA + oviductal cells monolayer in an atmosphere of 5% (v/v) CO₂ in humidified air. In both experiments, media were partially changed on day 2 after in vitro fertilization and unfertilized oocytes were excluded from the experiment. Embryos were cultured or cocultured for 8 days. In Experiment 1, there was no effect of RT or RA supplementation on the proportion of oocytes that reached the morula or blastocyst stages. By contrast, Experiment 2 demonstrated that the addition of 0.28 μg/ml RT and 0.5 μm RA to the embryo culture media stimulated (p < 0.05) development to the morula and blastocyst stages under the coculture conditions tested. In conclusion, retinoids play an important role in pre‐implantation development of goat embryos and can be used to enhance in vitro embryo production.  相似文献   

Efficacy of triazole-based fungicides for fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol control in wheat: a multivariate meta-analysis     

Paul PA  Lipps PE  Hershman DE  McMullen MP  Draper MA  Madden LV 《Phytopathology》2008,98(9):999-1011

The effects of propiconazole, prothioconazole, tebuconazole, metconazole, and prothioconazole+tebuconazole (as a tank mix or a formulated premix) on the control of Fusarium head blight index (IND; field or plot-level disease severity) and deoxynivalenol (DON) in wheat were determined. A multivariate random-effects meta-analytical model was fitted to the log-transformed treatment means from over 100 uniform fungicide studies across 11 years and 14 states, and the mean log ratio (relative to the untreated check or tebuconazole mean) was determined as the overall effect size for quantifying fungicide efficacy. Mean log ratios were then transformed to estimate mean percent reduction in IND and DON relative to the untreated check (percent control: C(IND) and C(DON)) and relative to tebuconazole. All fungicides led to a significant reduction in IND and DON (P < 0.001), although there was substantial between-study variability. Prothioconazole+tebuconazole was the most effective fungicide for IND, with a C(IND) of 52%, followed by metconazole (50%), prothioconazole (48%), tebuconazole (40%), and propiconazole (32%). For DON, metconazole was the most effective treatment, with a [Formula: see text](DON) of 45%; prothioconazole+tebuconazole and prothioconazole showed similar efficacy, with C(DON) values of 42 and 43%, respectively; tebuconazole and propiconazole were the least effective, with C(DON) values of 23 and 12%, respectively. All fungicides, with the exception of propiconazole, were significantly more effective than tebuconazole for control of both IND and DON (P < 0.001). Relative to tebuconazole, prothioconazole, metconazole, and tebuconzole+prothioconzole reduced disease index a further 14 to 20% and DON a further 25 to 29%. In general, fungicide efficacy was significantly higher for spring wheat than for soft winter wheat studies; depending on the fungicide, the difference in percent control between spring and soft winter wheat was 5 to 20% for C(IND) and 7 to 16% for C(DON). Based on the mean log ratios and between-study variances, the probability that IND or DON in a treated plot from a randomly selected study was lower than that in the check by a fixed margin was determined, which confirmed the superior efficacy of prothioconazole, metconazole, and tebuconzole+prothioconzole for Fusarium head blight disease and toxin control.  相似文献   

Eucalypt plantation management in regions with water stress     

José LM Gonçalves  Clayton A Alvares  José HT Rocha  Carolina B Brandani  Rodrigo Hakamada 《Southern Forests》2017,79(3):169-183

Most eucalypt plantations are managed in short rotations (6–8 years) and are established in regions with water and nutritional stresses of varying degrees. The mean annual increment in these regions ranges from 20 to 45 m³ ha^?1 y^?1 depending on the level of environmental stress. Improving natural resource use efficiency by breeding and matching genotypes to sites and using appropriate site management practices is a key challenge to sustain or increase productivity. Climate change is emerging as a driving force behind many of the current issues facing natural resources, and is likely to intensify the water constraint. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has predicted significant increases in surface air temperatures and decreases in rainfall (with more erratic rainfall patterns) over the tropics and subtropics, affecting drier regions in particular. To be truly sustainable, forest management practices must be environmentally friendly, prevent or reduce land degradation, improve biodiversity and increase resilience to climate variation and change. The main efforts should address the problems of water scarcity, low soil fertility and reduced biodiversity. Forest growers should take into account the inherent risks of different forest management systems on the regional water availability and consider reducing forest productivity in order to maintain both ecological and social equilibrium. The design and implementation of management techniques should be adapted to the specific production and protection objectives, which depend on the regional and local edaphoclimatic circumstances, water resources management, protection against soil erosion, diseases, pests, bushfires, strong winds and alien species. This paper addresses the basic requirements for integrating genetic and silvicultural strategies to minimise the water constraints in eucalypt plantations and surrounding water and native vegetation resources. We show several examples of effective forest management actions on the scale of forest stand and watershed in use in Brazil.  相似文献