Effects of salinity stress on carotenoids, anthocyanins, and color of diverse tomato genotypes     

Borghesi E  González-Miret ML  Escudero-Gilete ML  Malorgio F  Heredia FJ  Meléndez-Martínez AJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(21):11676-11682

One nonanthocyanin-accumulating (Ailsa Craig) and three anthocyanin-accumulating tomato genotypes (Anthocyanin fruit type, Atroviolaceum, and Sun Black) were analyzed to assess differences in their carotenoid and anthocyanin levels and color and to evaluate the effects of nutrient solutions with different salt concentrations on these parameters. The carotenoid content of control Atroviolaceum tomatoes was ca. 2-2.5-fold higher relative to the other two types, and the color of its puree could be visually distinguished from those of other genotypes. Salinity stress led in some cases to a 2-3-fold increase in the lycopene content. Saline treatment increased the accumulation of total anthocyanins in fruits of Sun Black (2-fold increase), while it reduced it in fruits of Anthocyanin (10-fold decrease). In general, the treatment increased the differences in color of different purees. These results indicate that salinity stress can lead to similar or higher increases in tomato carotenoids than those achieved by genetic engineering. In addition, these changes were accompanied by visually discernible color differences in tomato products. Our findings show the considerable potential of exploiting saline soils to obtain tomatoes with higher levels of secondary metabolites like carotenoids and anthocyanins.  相似文献   

Serological prevalence of Babesia caballi and Theileria equi in horses of Lara State, Venezuela     

Mujica FF  Perrone T  Forlano M  Coronado A  Meléndez RD  Barrios N  Alvarez R  Granda F 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,178(1-2):180-183

The main objective of this study was to demonstrate the occurrence of equine piroplasmosis (EP) in horses of Lara State, Venezuela, and to correlate it with the factors host's sex and age in order to know the epidemiology of this disease at the Venezuelan Centroccidental Region. Antibody levels to Babesia caballi and Theileria equi were assessed in 360 equine serum samples, collected from 9 municipalities of Lara State, using an ELISA technique with recombinant antigens and monoclonal antibodies (Mabs). Antibodies to B. caballi were found in 254 horses (70.6%), whereas 181 animals (50.3%) were detected as seropositives to T. equi. In addition, 128 samples (35.56%) were seropositives to both hemoparasites. There were no significant differences between the seropositivity to B. caballi and T. equi with the factors sex and age of the horses. These results show that Lara State is an enzootic area for equine piroplasmosis, and are a contribution to a partial knowledge of the dynamic of this disease in Venezuela.  相似文献   

Humoral immunity and injection-site reactions in cattle vaccinated with a multivalent clostridial vaccine administered via subcutaneous injection or via transdermal needle-free injection   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Woolums AR  Ensley DT  Tanner PA  Fankhauser R  Shen J  Songer JG  Leard AT  Milward FW  Pence ME  Hurley DJ 《American journal of veterinary research》2011,72(8):1124-1129

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Prevalence of Mycoplasma bovis in backgrounding and stocker cattle operations     

Wiggins MC  Woolums AR  Sanchez S  Hurley DJ  Cole DJ  Ensley DT  Pence ME 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2007,230(10):1514-1518

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Human pharmaceuticals, hormones, and personal care product ingredients in runoff from agricultural fields irrigated with treated wastewater   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Pedersen JA  Soliman M  Suffet IH 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(5):1625-1632

Irrigation of crops with treated wastewater has the potential to introduce effluent-derived organic microcontaminants into surface waters through agricultural runoff. To determine whether compounds indicative of the presence of treated effluent in irrigation water could be identified in agricultural runoff, surface runoff samples collected from effluent-irrigated and rain-fed cultivated fields were analyzed for a broad spectrum of organic compounds. A variety of compounds was identified that appeared to be associated with irrigation with treated wastewater. These compounds included human pharmaceuticals (e.g., carbamazepine, gemfibrozil, carisoprodol), personal care product ingredients (e.g., insect repellent, polycyclic musks), and alkyl phosphate flame retardant chemicals. Most of these compounds appear not to have been previously reported in agricultural runoff. These compounds were present at concentrations below the few published aquatic toxicology data available; however, their potential to elicit more subtle effects in aquatic organisms cannot be excluded. None of these compounds were detected by broad-spectrum analysis in samples from the same fields during runoff-producing rain events.  相似文献   

Assessment of the differences in the phenolic composition of five strawberry cultivars (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) grown in two different soilless systems     

Hernanz D  Recamales AF  Meléndez-Martínez AJ  González-Miret ML  Heredia FJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(5):1846-1852

The phenolics from different strawberry cultivars (Aromas, Camarosa, Diamante, Medina, and Ventana) cultivated in two different soilless systems (with and without recycling nutrient solution) were quantified to assess differences in their profiles as a function of both the variety and the cultivation system. Considering groups of phenols, it was found that either anthocyanins (including pelargonidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-rutinoside, pelargonidin-3-acetylglucoside, and two unidentified pelargonidin derivatives) or phenolic acids (including caffeic, ferulic, p-coumaric, p-hydroxybenzoic, and ellagic acid) were quantitatively more important than those of flavonols (quercetin and kaempferol); the ranges of values were 78.81-198.88, 49.77-128.37, and 12.85-43.04 microg/g, respectively. Considering individual compounds and after applying relevant pattern recognition techniques, it was concluded that the contents of cyanidin-3-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-rutinoside, p-coumaric acid, and pelargonidin-3-glucoside were the most appropriate variables to discriminate among varieties, whereas those of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and pelargonidin-derivative 1 were the most appropriate to discriminate between cultivation systems. The first factor of PCA was mainly linked to anthocyanins and quercetin, whereas the second principal component (PC) was related to kaempferol and p-coumaric acid.  相似文献   

Mapping the road for voluntary change: Partnerships in agricultural extension     

Robert A. Pence  James I. Grieshop 《Agriculture and Human Values》2001,18(2):209-217

BIOS and BIFS are two California-based, small-scale alternative agricultural demonstration programs that define an applied Agriculture Partnership Model of extension. This model operates through a structure of local project leadership, a process of responsive farmer outreach and a primary goal of voluntary pesticide reduction. It reaches back to a Land Grant approach to extension of personal relationship, equal partnership, and collaborative learning. Overall findings from a systematic assessment of BIOS and BIFS imply that the operation and impacts of these two Agriculture Partnership Projects owe more to the model, approach, and values of the projects than to any specific farming or extension techniques. A model of local partnership and responsive, learner-centered outreach, operational values such as flexibility and relationship, and a balanced systems approach to farm management and project operation combine to create a promising organizational response to the rapidly changing regulatory, environmental, and political circumstances confronting conventional farmers in California. Though some farm advisors and field research specialists within the University of California Cooperative Extension have successfully used the projects to leverage decreasing Extension resources, increase their one-on-one contact with farmers, and learn new outreach and agricultural skills, others within that system are highly critical of the two projects. Organizational tension between Cooperative Extension and the quasi-university Partnership Projects largely reflects differences in fundamental beliefs and values about legitimate knowledge, learning processes, and effective teaching as well as primary goals for agricultural outreach. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Using Rangelands on the Web as a Teaching Resource     

John Tanaka  Barbara Hutchinson  Merrita Fraker-Marble  Rachel Frost  Karen Launchbaugh  Mel George 《Herpetological Monographs》2012,34(3):39-40

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A Simple Attachment to Increase Depth of Focus of Microscope Objectives for Photomicrography     

Pence RJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1948,107(2789):631-632

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Spread,diagnosis, and prevention of diseases of the button mushroom     

O. A. Boiko  M. D. Mel’nichuk  T. V. Ivanova 《Russian Agricultural Sciences》2009,35(2):94-95

It is established that button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus (J. Lge) Imbach) are infected by bacteria, viruses, and microscopic fungi. Preventive measures to control infections are recommended.  相似文献