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101.
棕榈蓟马成虫在日光温室菜椒上的种群动态和空间分布 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为明确棕榈蓟马成虫在日光温室的分布特征,2011—2012年,在山东省济南市采用植株调查和蓝板诱集方法研究了其成虫在日光温室菜椒上的种群动态和空间分布。结果表明,自4月中旬,棕榈蓟马种群数量逐渐上升,6月中旬达种群高峰,平均虫量最高6.02头/花。蓝板对棕榈蓟马成虫的诱集量7：00~15：00逐渐增多,13：00~15：00是活动高峰,平均诱集数量占全天的29.42%,之后逐渐减少。空间上,棕榈蓟马成虫数量由西向东逐渐减少,平均诱集数量比例从21.58%逐渐减少到6.93%;由南向北逐渐增加,南边、中间、北边蓝板诱集数量比例分别为21.48%、27.30%和51.22%;垂直方向上,在菜椒植株上部的棕榈蓟马成虫数量（76.58%）显著高于中部（21.77%）和下部（1.65%）。因此,日光温室棕榈蓟马防治的关键期是4月中旬,关键位置为日光温室西部、北部菜椒,喷药时间以早上或傍晚为宜。 相似文献
102.
Gordon P Kohler S Reist M van den Borne B Menéndez González S Doherr M 《Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde》2012,154(9):371-379
Health prophylaxis management practices have acquired a major role in the success of dairy herd health programs, however, little is known about the scope and level of implementation on Swiss dairy farms. The main objective of this study was therefore to provide a general overview of the most important preventive measures which are currently being used on these farms. In March 2011, an online survey with 75 questions was sent to 2'285 randomly selected Swiss dairy farmers. Response rate by question ranged from 35 to 53 %. Within this study, answers were compared between dairy farms with a tie-stall (n = 739) and farms with a free-stall (n = 458). Homeopathic treatments were used by 51 % of the dairy farmers and antibiotic dry cow treatments by 94 %. Farmers with a tie-stall tended to carry out more prophylactic treatments against external parasites, vaccinated their cows more frequently against Clostridium chauvoei and Moraxella bovis, and carried out claw trimming more frequently than dairy farmers with a free-stall. A higher proportion of dairy farmers with a free-stall had a written feeding plan, carried out regular feed analysis, wore an apron and rubber gloves during milking, and carried out post milking teat disinfection more frequently than dairy farmers with a tie-stall. The data collected in this survey could assist in improving future dairy health communication campaigns in Switzerland. 相似文献
103.
为进一步提高应用于智能插秧机的叶盘加工质量及插秧机整机工作效率,对叶盘的数控加工参数展开优化研究。选定一型号智能插秧机,在对其核心参数及工作原理深入理解基础上,对插秧机的叶盘进行加工参数优化,通过目标寻优函数建立数学模型,并利用绘图软件UG给出叶盘关键组件的三维物理模型,规划好加工工艺路线进行加工试验。研究表明:依照科学数控加工工序及刀具的合理选择,得出的叶盘加工精度较参数优化前可提升10%左右,加工制造成本可降低3%左右,耐用度和智能插秧机的整机工作效率均有提升,此参数优化研究与试验具有重要的实际应用意义。 相似文献
104.
对山东省济阳、茌平、曹县、郓城棉花叶、茎、铃的内生真菌群落结构和多样性进行分析。结果表明,棉叶的内生真菌定植率最高。4个地区共分离出79个菌株,归属于16个属。依据内生真菌相对分离率,济阳棉叶的优势属为链格孢属(37.50%)和毛球腔菌属(37.50%),棉茎的优势属为镰刀菌属(28.55%),棉铃的优势属为中国炭疽菌属(100.00%);茌平棉叶、棉茎、棉铃的优势属均为链格孢属(57.14%、33.34%、100.00%);曹县棉叶、棉茎、棉铃优势属均为链格孢属(66.67%、100.00%、100.00%);郓城棉叶、棉茎的优势属为链格孢属(80.00%、100.00%),棉铃的优势属为黑孢子菌属(44.44%)。4个地区叶、茎、铃的Shannon-Weaver指数(H)、Evenness指数(E)、Margalet丰富度指数(R)高低顺序不一致。各地棉花叶、茎、铃的内生真菌相似程度不同。 相似文献
105.
María Menéndez-Gutiérrez Margarita Alonso Enrique Jiménez Gabriel Toval Pedro Mansilla Adela Abelleira Andrea Abelleira-Sanmartín Raquel Díaz 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2018,150(4):939-953
Pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the causal agent of pine wilt disease (PWD), was detected in Spain in 2008. This gives rise to serious concern, as the disease has caused severe environmental and economic losses in Portugal and in Asian countries. We studied interspecific variation in susceptibility to pine wilt disease and differences in constitutive chemical compounds in the xylem tissue of the seven pine species -P. canariensis, P. halepensis, P. pinaster, P. pinea, P. sylvestris, P. radiata and P. taeda. Two-year-old trees were inoculated with B. xylophilus. Water potential and nematode densities were measured for each species on specific dates; whereas, wilting symptoms were recorded weekly until the end of the assay. Chemical compounds in the xylem were determined prior to inoculation. Three different resistance groups can be established in terms of the pine species susceptibility to PWN: non- to slightly-susceptible (P. canariensis, P. halepensis, P. taeda and P. pinea), susceptible (P. pinaster and P. radiata), and highly-susceptible (P. sylvestris). Nematodes migrated downward to the roots in all seven species. Constitutive xylem nitrogen, total polyphenols, and marginally phosphorus were negatively correlated with mortality caused by PWN. The most susceptible species, Pinus sylvestris, presented high levels of constitutive lipid-soluble substances and low levels of manganese, pointing to a possible relation between these components and PWN susceptibility. The results suggest P. sylvestris, P. pinaster and P. radiata forests could be severely damaged by PWN in Spain and highlight how constitutive chemical compounds such as nitrogen might play a role in resistance mechanisms against PWN. 相似文献
106.
Ladislav Menšík Lukáš Hlisnikovský Lubica Pospíšilová Eva Kunzová 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2018,18(8):2813-2822
Purpose
Soil organic matter (SOM) plays an important role in terrestrial ecosystems and agroecosystems. Changes in the agricultural sector in the Czech Republic within the past 25 years have had a negative impact on SOM content and contribute to gradual soil degradation. The aim of this study is to estimate the effect of long-term application of different mineral fertilizers (NPK) and organic manures (manure, cattle slurry) on soil chemical properties (quality of humus, available nutrients, and soil reaction).Materials and methods
Soil samples were collected from Luvisol during two selected periods 1994–2003 and 2014–2016 from long-term field experiment carried out in Prague-Ruzyně (Czech Republic). Average annual temperature is 8.5 °C, and annual precipitations are 485 mm. Different fertilization regimes have been applied for 62 years. The crop rotation was as follows: cereals (45%), root crops (33%) and legumes (22%). Soil analysis—soil organic carbon (SOC) was determined by oxidimetric titration method. Short fractionation method for evaluation of humic substance (HS), humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) content was used. Absorbance of HS in UV-VIS spectral range was measured by Varian Carry 50 Probe UV-VIS spectrometer. Degree of humification (DH) and color index (Q4/6) were calculated from fractional composition data. Soil reaction was measured by potentiometric method. Available nutrients (phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium) were determined by Mehlich II and Mehlich I methods and by ICP-OES. For data analysis, the following are used: exploratory data analysis, ANOVA, and principal component analysis (PCA).Results and discussion
PCA analysis differentiated fertilizers into two categories: (1) variant NPK (lower quality of humus)—higher acidity, lower SOC and HS content, predomination of FA, higher DH and lower content of available nutrients; (2) variants with organic manures (higher quality of humus)—lower acidity, higher SOC and HS content, predomination of HA, middle DH, and high content of available nutrients. The main result of presented study is to give a synthesis of effect of different type of fertilizers on a sustainable organic matter management in arable soils, with respect to yields, food security and adaptation to predict climate changes.Conclusions
Long-term application of mineral fertilizers (NPK) without organic matter input can accelerate humus mineralization and soil quality degradation with all negative consequences such as (nitrogen leaching, higher availability of toxic element for plants, slow energy for soil microorganisms etc.). Application of organic fertilizers (manure and cattle slurry) helps to achieve the long-term stable yields while maintaining soil at optimum quality (long-term sustainable management with SOM). Principal component analysis is a useful tool for evaluation of soil quality changes.107.
108.
为明确绿盲蝽为害不同时期桃树的应激反应发生发展过程,采用生化测定方法分析了桃树上、中、下部不同受害程度叶片内的可溶性糖、蛋白质、游离氨基酸含量以及防御性酶活性的变化。结果表明,绿盲蝽为害后,随着时间的延长,受轻度为害的桃树叶片内可溶性糖含量由28.61 mg/g减少至19.21 mg/g,蛋白质含量由1.29 mg/g先增加至2.01 mg/g,后减少至1.66 mg/g,游离氨基酸含量由0.49 mg/g增加至0.72 mg/g;而受重度为害的叶片内可溶性糖和蛋白质的含量均先减少后增加,游离氨基酸含量则先增加后减少。防御性酶活性随绿盲蝽为害程度的加重也发生了不同程度的变化,随着时间的延长,受轻度为害的叶片内超氧化物歧化酶活性降低,过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性有所升高;而受重度为害的叶片内超氧化物歧化酶活性先降低后升高,过氧化物酶活性升高,过氧化氢酶活性降低。说明不同位置桃树叶片对绿盲蝽的为害胁迫产生了应激反应,通过调整其体内各种防御性物质的含量,对绿盲蝽为害产生诱导抗性,且与为害程度有一定的相关性。 相似文献
109.
M.?Somer R.?Arbesú V.?Menéndez M.?A.?Revilla Helena?FernándezEmail author 《Euphytica》2010,171(2):203-210
Sporophytes induction from spore-derived gametophytes and the morphogenic potential of homogenised sporophytes were performed
in several ferns: Adiantum capillus-veneris, Asplenium adiantum-nigrum, Ceterach officinarum, Davallia canariensis, Dicksonia antarctica, Dryopteris dilatata, Dryopteris filix-mas, and Polypodium cambricum. The influence of growth rate, the formation of sexual organs, and the homogenisation of the gametophyte on sporophyte formation
were studied. Gametophytic growth and sporophyte development were not antagonistic events and no correlation was found between
the proportion of sexual phenotypes and rate of sporophyte formation. A pre-treatment of the rhizome with BAP exhibited swelling
and upon transferral to Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium developed numerous fronds. Homogenised sporophytes of A. capillus-veneris, D. canariensis, and P. cambricum cultured on MS basal medium regenerated sporophytes while on MS with 4.4 μM BAP favoured formation of aposporous gametophytes
and/or dedifferentiated cellular aggregates. In A. adiantum-nigrum, BAP induced either aposporous gametophytes or sporophytes. 相似文献
110.
近些年来,随着社会经济的发展,林业资源在其中发挥着重要的作用,森林作为林业资源的主体,加强森林的经营管理有利于促进林业的可持续发展。就目前情况来看,当前正是我国大力发展林业的时期,实现有效的森林经营具有非常重要的意义。主要分析了森林经营在林业发展中的重要作用,并针对实现森林经营提出了有效的措施。 相似文献