Pararectal Cystotomy for Urolith Removal in Nine Horses     

Gustavo A. Abuja LV  José M. García‐López VMD  Diplomate ACVS  Richard Doran DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2010,39(5):654-659

Objective: To report outcome of horses after standing pararectal cystotomy for removal of uroliths. Study Design: Case series. Animals: Horses (n=9) with cystic calculi. Methods: Medical records (December 1998–May 2007) of horses with cystic calculi that had standing pararectal cystotomy were reviewed. Signalment; urolith number, size, and type; surgical technique; sedation and analgesia protocols; intra‐ and postoperative complications and outcome were analyzed. Results: Uroliths (mean diameter, 6.37 cm; median, 6 cm; range, 3–10 cm) were removed intact without need for fragmentation. Eight (89%) horses had no complications and 1 horse (11%) developed persistent drainage from the perineal incision and incisional healing was prolonged. The complications resolved after wound revision, and although cystoscopy showed absence of uroliths, the clinical signs associated with cystitis recurred. Conclusions: Cystic calculi can be removed safely in standing horses using a pararectal approach. The procedure was well tolerated and no serious complications were encountered. Clinical Relevance: Pararectal cystotomy allows removal of cystic calculi in standing sedated horses. The technique may offer an economic advantage over approaches that require general anesthesia.  相似文献   

Risk Factors for Femoral Fracture after Canine Press‐Fit Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty     

Seth Mathus Ganz DVM  Joshua Jackson DVM  Diplomate ACVS  Bruce VanEnkevort DVM  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2010,39(6):688-695

Objective: To evaluate risk factors for femoral fracture after porous‐coated cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA). Study Design: Case series. Animals: Dogs (n=74) that had cementless THA (n=84). Methods: Medical records of dogs from 2 referral hospitals were reviewed for occurrence of postoperative femoral fracture. Patient and operative (age, breed, sex, weight, and canal flare index [CFI], indication for arthroplasty, intraoperative fissure, cerclage usage, and implant sizes) factors were analyzed. Assessment of implant positioning and canal fill was performed on immediate postoperative radiographs. Femoral fractures (n=11) were evaluated and compared with 73 cases without fracture that met the inclusion criteria. Results: Mean (±SEM) age was 7.30±0.69 years for dogs with, and 4.77±0.37 years for dogs without femoral fracture. Age was positively associated with fracture (P=.022). Mean (±SEM) CFI was 1.80±0.09 for dogs with, and 1.98±0.04 for dogs without fracture. CFI was negatively associated with fracture (P=.045). Body weight, intraoperative fissure, cerclage use, implant size, position, and canal fill did not influence the occurrence of femoral fracture. Conclusions: Older dogs and dogs with lower CFI may be at increased risk for femoral fracture after porous‐coated cementless THA. Clinical Relevance: Risk factors exist for femoral fracture after cementless THA using porous‐coated implants, and should be critically evaluated during the patient selection. These risks should be weighed against the benefits of the system, and measures to minimize femoral fracture in at‐risk patients studied.  相似文献   

Thoracoscopic Thoracic Duct Ligation and Thoracoscopic Pericardectomy for Treatment of Chylothorax in Dogs     

DAVID A. ALLMAN  DVM    MARYANN G. RADLINSKY  DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS    ALAN G. RALPH  DVM    CLARENCE A. RAWLINGS  DVM  PhD  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2010,39(1):21-27

Objective— To report the use of thoracoscopic thoracic duct ligation (TDL) and pericardectomy for treatment of chylothorax.
Study Design— Case series.
Animals— Dogs with chylothorax (n=12).
Methods— Dogs with secondary or idiopathic chylothorax had thoracoscopy performed in sternal recumbency through 3 portals in the caudal right hemithorax for TDL and were then repositioned in dorsal recumbency for pericardectomy. Portals were placed in the 5th and 7th intercostal spaces of the right hemithorax with 1 transdiaphragmatic portal in the right paraxiphoid position. Follow-up was performed by recheck examination or telephone interview to determine outcome.
Results— Seven dogs (58%) had idiopathic chylothorax; 6 dogs (85.7%) had complete resolution of their effusion, whereas only 2 of the 5 nonidiopathic dogs (40%) had complete resolution.
Conclusions— Thoracoscopy is minimally invasive, provides excellent observation, and allows for ligation of the thoracic duct in the caudal thorax. Patients with idiopathic chylothorax may have a better prognosis after TDL and pericardectomy than dogs with nonidiopathic chylothorax.
Clinical Relevance— Thoracoscopy for ligation of the thoracic duct and pericardectomy is an acceptable surgical technique for treatment of chylothorax.  相似文献   

Long‐Term Outcome after Arthroscopic Debridement of Distal Phalanx Extensor Process Fragmentation in 13 Horses     

OLIVER M. CROWE  BVSc Cert ES    RICHARD J. HEPBURN  BVSc Cert EM Diplomate ACVIM    SVEND E. KOLD  DVM PhD    ROGER K. SMITH  MA Vet MB PhD DEO Diplomate ECVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2010,39(1):107-114

Objective— To report long-term outcome after arthroscopic removal of fragmentation of the extensor process of the distal phalanx in horses.
Study Design— Case series.
Animals— Adult horses (n=13).
Methods— Medical records (2003–2004) of horses that had arthroscopic debridement of fragmentation of the extensor process of the distal phalanx were reviewed. Inclusion criteria included: lameness localized to the foot, fragmentation of the extensor process of the distal phalanx debrided arthroscopically, and a follow-up period of ≥4 years.
Results— Of the 13 horses, lameness was resolved in 11 (85%) initially but distal interphalangeal joint pain recurred in 2 (15%) within 1 year of surgery. Three (23%) other horses were retired because of lameness at other sites during the follow-up period resulting in 46% (6/13) being not lame and in full work after 4 years. Substantial changes were identified at surgery in the contralateral joint of 7 horses, even when fragments were only present unilaterally.
Conclusions— Arthroscopic debridement of fragmentation of the extensor process of the forelimb distal phalanx has a good short-term prognosis for resolution of lameness and return to work but a more guarded prognosis for long-term soundness.
Clinical Relevance— These results allow for more accurate prognostication preoperatively and may support early debridement of fragmentation of the extensor process of the distal phalanx.  相似文献   

Preparation of Canine and Feline Cadavers for Surgical Laboratories     

KYLE G. MATHEWS DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS  KRISTEN RILEY BS  CVT  WILLIAM S. DERNELL DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2010,39(2):224-225

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In Vitro Biomechanical Evaluation and Comparison of FiberWire,FiberTape, OrthoFiber,and Nylon Leader Line for Potential Use During Extraarticular Stabilization Of Canine Cruciate Deficient Stifles     

RICHARD BURGESS BVM&S  STEVE ELDER BS  MS  PhD  RON McLAUGHLIN DVM  DVSc  Diplomate ACVS  PETER CONSTABLE BVSc  MS  PhD  Diplomate ACVIM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2010,39(2):208-215

Objective— To compare biomechanical properties of 3 new generation polyethylene sutures (FiberTape [FT], FiberWire [FW], and OrthoFiber [OF]) with nylon leader line (NL) for use during extraarticular fixation of cranial cruciate deficient stifles. Study Design— In vitro biomechanical testing of suture loops under monotonic tensile and cyclical loading until failure. Sample Population— Constructs of FT, FW, OF, and NL. Methods— Twenty loops of each of 12 combinations of fixation and suture had monotonic tensile and cyclical loading. Two knotting techniques (square knot [SQ], slip knot [SL]) and a crimp clamp (CR) system were evaluated. Elongation, stiffness, and strength of constructs was tested. The main effects of group, loop material, and their interaction were evaluated. Results— Knotted FT, FW, and OF had less elongation than knotted NL under monotonic tensile and cyclical loading. Under monotonic tensile loading, knotted FT and OF were stiffer than knotted NL. CR FT, CR FW, and CR OF were stiffer than CR NL and CR FT, CR FW, and CR OF were stiffer than knotted FT, FW, and OF. FW and OF knotted loops were weaker than knotted NL. CR FT was stronger than CR NL. CR FT and CR OF were weaker than knotted FT and OF. Conclusions— Polyethylene sutures are stronger, stiffer and elongate less than nylon leader. Crimping suture alters the biomechanical properties of the loop. Clinical Relevance— FW, FT, and OF may perform better in reconstructive procedures, where increased strength and stiffness are considered to be beneficial.  相似文献   

Overview of What We Know About the Pathophysiology of Laminitis     

Susan C. Eades  DVM  PhD  Diplomate ACVIM-LA 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2010

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Proceedings of the 2010 Laminitis West Conference     

James A. Orsini  DVM  ACVS 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2010

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Desmotomy of the Accessory Ligament of the Deep Digital Flexor Tendon in Horses: An Update     

Aziz Tnibar DVM  PhD  Dipl. ECVS   《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2010,30(12):715-719

Desmotomy of the accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon is advocated to allow for lengthening of the deep digital flexor musculotendinous unit and axial realignment of the bones of the digit. This procedure has several indications. It can be performed using either the open or the minimally invasive surgical approach. This article describes both surgical approaches. Corrective shoeing before surgery contributes to success in both surgical approaches. The cosmetic results obtained after the minimally invasive procedure are much better as compared with those after the open surgical procedure. The minimally invasive approach compares favorably with results reported after using an open surgical approach and offers the advantages of minimally invasive surgery including reduced incision length, reduced morbidity, and improved cosmetic outcome. The minimally invasive approach may be also performed on the standing sedated horse.  相似文献   

Pain in Osteoarthritis     

P. René van Weeren  Janny C. de Grauw  DVM 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice》2010

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