SOYBEAN RESPONSE AND ION ACCUMULATION UNDER SPRINKLER IRRIGATION WITH SODIUM-RICH SALINE WATER     

Carolina Bustingorri  Raul Lavado 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(11):1743-1753

The magnitude of crop growth and yield depends on the salinity level, the toxic ions present, and the irrigation system used. In order to study the effect of saline sprinkler irrigation on soybean growth and ionic accumulation in plant tissues a pot experiment was set up. There were three irrigation water quality treatments [electrical conductivity (EC) 0, 2, and 4 dS m^?1]. Soybean aerial biomass was 25% lower than the Control when irrigation salinity was 4 dS m^?1. Clearly salinity entering via leaves affected the grain filling stage and severely reduced soybean grain production (80% reduction) when salinity in irrigation water surpassed 2 dS m^?1. Sprinkler irrigation aggravates soybean's low salinity tolerance and restricts its cropping in such conditions. For early stages two linear relationships between leaf chloride (Cl^?) concentration (Y = 14.2–2x) or potassium (K⁺)/ sodium (Na⁺) ratio (Y = 5.3x?3.4) and soybean grain yield were found. Both relationships may be used as diagnostic tools for soybean growing under saline sprinkler irrigation.  相似文献   

Phenotypic and genetic parameters for body traits in the giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in India          下载免费PDF全文

Bindu R Pillai  Pa Luan Lalrinsanga  Raul W Ponzoni  Hooi Ling Khaw  Kanta Das Mahapatra  Swagatika Mohanty  Gunamaya Patra  Namita Naik  Haramohan Pradhan  Pallipuram Jayasankar 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(12):5741-5750

Phenotypic and genetic parameters were estimated for three body traits (harvest weight, carapace length and standard length) and for adult male morphotypes of the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii in a fully pedigreed synthetic population in India. The data set included 9,173 progeny produced over four generations from 162 sires and 234 dams. Variance components and genetic parameters were estimated fitting an animal model using the residual maximum‐likelihood methodology. The heritabilities for harvest body weight (HW), carapace length (CL) and standard length (SL) were moderate (0.22 ± 0.056, 0.22 ± 0.055 and 0.25 ± 0.059 respectively). The common environmental effects for HW, CL and SL were 0.10 ± 0.020, 0.08 ± 0.018 and 0.10 ± 0.021 respectively. As M. rosenbergii is sexually dimorphic, we estimated heritabilities within each sex. Heritability of HW in females (0.27 ± 0.068) was greater than that in males (0.15 ± 0.057). CL and SL followed the same pattern. The occurrence of male morphotypes is a unique characteristic of adult populations of M. rosenbergii. Populations from culture ponds exhibit a wide range of sizes. To examine whether there was a heritable component in male morphotype frequencies, we treated male morphotypes as traits. The additive genetic variance (and hence the heritability) was zero for male morphotype, indicating that selective breeding to increase the proportion of desirable male morphotypes would not be effective. The genetic correlations among body traits were all positive, high and approaching unity. The results are discussed in relation to selection plans for the giant freshwater prawn.  相似文献   

Calculation of pH in fresh and sea water aquaculture systems     

Raul H. Piedrahita  Aina Seland 《Aquacultural Engineering》1995,14(4):331-346

A procedure for the calculation of pH in fresh and salt waters has been developed. The method is based on a fourth-order polynomial relationship between hydrogen ion concentration and other (conservative) water quality parameters. The method avoids trial and error estimations and results in a direct calculation procedure that can be implemented in models developed in various modeling environments, such as spreadsheets, conventional programming languages (BASIC, C, FORTRAN, PASCAL, etc.) or specialized modeling languages (Extend^™, Stella^™).

The method developed is based on the solution of the full alkalinity-pH equation. Because of the need for simplification of the equations to yield explicitly solvable polynomial equations, the accuracy of the solutions depends on the simplification made and varies with water properties. Three simplifications are tested based on a second-, a third-and a fourth-order polynomial equation for hydrogen ion concentrations. the equations have been tested for salinities ranging from 0 to 35‰ (fresh to sea water), for temperatures ranging from 0 to 35°C, for total carbonate carbon concentrations of 0·1 and 5·0 mmol/liter, and for total ammonia nitrogen concentrations of 0 and 10 mg/liter. Approximations are most accurate in waters of high total carbonate carbon and low ammonia concentrations, where the fourth-order approximation yields results that are within 0.05 pH units for the full range of pH values tested (5–10).  相似文献   

Genotype–environment interaction for age at first calving in buffaloes,using the reaction norm model     

Gabriela Rodrigues Freitas  Naudin Alejandro Hurtado‐Lugo  Daniel Jordan de Abreu dos Santos  Rusbel Raul Aspilcueta Borquis  Newton Tamassia Pegolo  Humberto Tonhati  Francisco Ribeiro de Araújo Neto 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2019,54(4):727-732

The objective of this study was to evaluate the genotype–environment interaction effect on age at first calving in buffaloes. The records were analysed using two approaches: (a) standard animal model and (b) reaction norm model. For the reaction norm analysis, two environmental gradients were formed, using age of first calving or milk yield group contemporary average. The results showed differences in the heritability estimates when using the two approaches. The reaction norm model indicated high heritability in more favourable environments and low magnitude genetic correlations between extreme environments. Based on our findings, we verified the significance of the genotype–environment interaction effect on age at first calving in buffaloes.  相似文献   

Rangeland Ecology & Management,Volume 71, Issue 2: Wildlife Conservation on the Rangelands of Eastern and Southern Africa: Past,Present, and Future     

Jerry Holechek  Raul Valdez 《Herpetological Monographs》2018,40(2):68-70

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Seasonal Divergence of Landscape Use by Heritage and Conventional Cattle on Desert Rangeland     

Sheri Spiegal  Richard E. Estell  Andres F. Cibils  Darren K. James  H. Raul Peinetti  Dawn M. Browning  Kirsten B. Romig  Alfredo L. Gonzalez  Andrew J. Lyons  Brandon T. Bestelmeyer 《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2019,72(4):590-601

Adopting livestock with heritage genetics may help to improve the sustainability of agriculture on rangelands with harsh, challenging conditions. In the Chihuahuan Desert, preliminary evidence suggests that heritage Raramuri Criollo exploit a greater variety of range resources than do conventional cattle. Accordingly, the use of Raramuri Criollo may help sustain vegetation and soils, as well as agricultural production. To explore these possibilities, we used Global Positioning System collars to track Angus × Hereford and Raramuri Criollo cows in a 1 535-ha pasture in southern New Mexico in June–December 2008. As predicted on the basis of past research, home range sizes of Raramuri Criollo exceeded those of Angus × Hereford during seasons with low forage availability—by 31.4 ± 6.5 ha during Pregreenup and 17.2 ± 6.5 ha during Drydown—but sizes converged during more productive seasons (Greenup 1, Greenup 2). Angus × Hereford allotted more daily time to resting, with the difference most pronounced during Drydown (71.1 ± 21.1 min day^{? 1}). Angus × Hereford had twice as many hotspots of use (locations with multiple visits of long duration), with seasonal timing and location corresponding with distribution patterns known to impact desirable natural resources. Raramuri Criollo more strongly preferred the Bare/Forbs ecological state with seasonal timing that possibly signals an ability to use nutritious forbs on open ground despite summer heat. Results are consistent with conjectures that compared with conventional cattle, Raramuri Criollo have greater daily mobility and wider spatial distribution during dry seasons. Although not directly measured, results also suggest that the heritage breed has superior heat tolerance and lower impact on desirable natural resources. These findings provide evidence that Raramuri Criollo can support sustainable livestock production in the Chihuahuan Desert, but direct measurements of profitability and environmental effects are needed before adoption can be recommended widely.  相似文献   

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Length–weight relationship and condition factor of nine possible crosses of three stocks of giant freshwater prawn,Macrobrachium rosenbergii from different agro-ecological regions of India     

P. L. Lalrinsanga  Bindu R. Pillai  Kanta D. Mahapatra  Lopamudra Sahoo  Raul W. Ponzoni  Nguyen Hong Nguyen  Swagatika Mohanty  Swagatika Sahu  Sovan Sahu  Vijay Kumar  Gunamaya Patra  Shivani Patnaik 《Aquaculture International》2015,23(1):401-401

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Organizational learning through participatory research: CIP and CARE in Peru     

Oscar Ortiz  Guillermo Frias  Raul Ho  Hector Cisneros  Rebecca Nelson  Renee Castillo  Ricardo Orrego  Willy Pradel  Jesus Alcazar  Mario Bazán 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(3):419-431

Participatory research (PR) has been analyzed and documented from different points of view, with emphasis on the benefits generated for farmers. The effect of PR on organizational learning has, however, received little attention. This paper analyzes the interaction between a research and a development institution, the International Potato Center (CIP) and CARE in Peru, respectively, and makes the case that PR can contribute to creating a collaborative learning environment among organizations. The paper describes the evolution of the inter-institutional collaborative environment between the two institutions for more than a decade, including an information-transfer period (1993–1996), an action-learning period (1997–2002), and a social-learning period (2003–2007). Several lessons learned from each period are described, as are changes in institutional contexts and stakeholders’ perceptions. The case shows that research and development-oriented organizations can interact fruitfully using PR as a mechanism to promote learning, flexibility in interactions, and innovation. Interactions foster the diffusion of information and the sharing of tacit knowledge within and between organizations, which in turn influences behavior. However, the paper also argues that long-term inter-organizational interactions are needed to facilitate learning, which can be used to influence the way organizations implement their interventions in a constantly changing environment.  相似文献   

Synergism and unintended effects of the association between imidacloprid and sodium chloride (NaCl) on the management of Euschistus heros     

Hígor S Rodrigues  Khalid Haddi  Mateus O Campos  Noelio A Ferreira‐Filho  Raul Narciso C Guedes  Philip L Newland  Eugênio E Oliveira 《Pest management science》2021,77(1):417-424

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Comparative study of select biochemical markers in cerebrospinal fluid of healthy dogs before and after treatment with nutraceuticals     

A. Galan  B.E. Carletti  J. Morgaz  M.M. Granados  I. Mesa  R. Navarrete  R. Lombardo  C.M. Martínez  E.M. Martín‐Suárez 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2014,43(1):72-77

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