Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of a commercial cultivar and wild populations of Anemone coronaria     

Yonash Nissim  Fang Jinggui  Shamay Arik  Pollak Neta  Lavi Uri  Cohen Avner 《Euphytica》2004,136(1):51-62

Seven wild populations of Anemonecoronaria were assessed for 11 phenotypic traits, most of them having economic value for the flower industry. The wild populations were sampled to represent the diversity in habitats, climates, rock and soil types, terrains, and elevations in Israel. AFLP analysis was carried out on 12 individuals from each of six out of the seven wild populations and for six individuals from the commercial cultivar ‘Mona-Lisa’. It was found that the Dorot population, which is located in the area bordering the semi-arid zone at the very end of the species distribution, exhibits extreme and different phenotypes with relatively low variability compared withthe other wild populations. The other six wild populations, that grow in more favorable geographic and climatic conditions exhibit phenotypes with larger plants, larger numbers of flowers and less dissected leaves. These populations were less uniform than that of Dorot. Genetic characterization by AFLP markers revealed a total of 165 bands. The wild populations exhibit wide variation within-population, with about 80% polymorphic bands and average gene diversity between pairs of about 30%. The Dorot population has the lowest genetic variation and the Megido population the highest. Thus, the phenotypic variation reflects the genetic variation. The cultivar ‘Mona-Lisa’, as expected, has much lower genetic variation. The Dorot population and the ‘Mona-Lisa’ cultivar were found to have the largest genetic distances from the other wild populations, and the highest genetic variation between themselves. Phenetic analysis yielded a dendrogram describing the genetic relatedness of these populations. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Internally generated reactivation of single neurons in human hippocampus during free recall     

Gelbard-Sagiv H  Mukamel R  Harel M  Malach R  Fried I 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,322(5898):96-101

The emergence of memory, a trace of things past, into human consciousness is one of the greatest mysteries of the human mind. Whereas the neuronal basis of recognition memory can be probed experimentally in human and nonhuman primates, the study of free recall requires that the mind declare the occurrence of a recalled memory (an event intrinsic to the organism and invisible to an observer). Here, we report the activity of single neurons in the human hippocampus and surrounding areas when subjects first view cinematic episodes consisting of audiovisual sequences and again later when they freely recall these episodes. A subset of these neurons exhibited selective firing, which often persisted throughout and following specific episodes for as long as 12 seconds. Verbal reports of memories of these specific episodes at the time of free recall were preceded by selective reactivation of the same hippocampal and entorhinal cortex neurons. We suggest that this reactivation is an internally generated neuronal correlate for the subjective experience of spontaneous emergence of human recollection.  相似文献   

Effect of dextransucrase cellobiose acceptor products on the growth of human gut bacteria     

Ruiz-Matute AI  Brokl M  Sanz ML  Soria AC  Côté GL  Collins ME  Rastall RA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(8):3693-3700

The selective fermentation by human gut bacteria of gluco-oligosaccharides obtained from the reaction between the glucosyl group of sucrose and cellobiose, catalyzed by dextransucrases (DSR) from Leuconostoc mesenteroides , has been evaluated. Oligosaccharides were fractionated according to their molecular weight, and their effect on the growth of different bacterial groups was studied. To determine the structure (position and configuration of glycosidic linkages)-function relationship, their properties were compared to those of DSR maltose acceptor products (DSRMal) and of recognized prebiotic carbohydrates (fructo-oligosaccharides, FOS). Cellobiose acceptor products (DSRCel) showed bifidogenic properties similar to those of FOS. However, no significant differences related to molecular weight or isomeric configurations were found for DSRCel and DSRMal products.  相似文献   

Temporal and spatial variability of total ozone content over Central Europe: analysis in respect to the biological effect on plants     

Alois W. Schmalwieser  Günther Schauberger  Michal Janouch   《Agricultural and Forest Meteorology》2003,120(1-4):9

The temporal and spatial variability of the total ozone content (TOC) is examined in respect to the biologically effective ultraviolet radiation on plants. TOC data from 1996 to 2000 over the domain of Central Europe were used. Variability is analysed using correlation and auto-correlation coefficients.The temporal auto-correlation analyses has shown that the only periodicity which could be found was a period of 1 year. The comparison between spatial correlation and the temporal auto-correlation delivers an equivalent value of zero for a distance between 400 and 500 km and at a time lag of 5 days. The influence of temporal and spatial variability of TOC on the biologically effective ultraviolet radiation was quantified by model calculations using action spectra of the DNA-damage and the generalised plant damage (GPD). These were undertaken for a certain location using TOC with various temporal delays or made at other locations with certain distances. The results show that the relative sensitiveness to spatial lags in TOC differs by a factor of three during the year with minimum in August and maximum around December. For temporal lags the sensitiveness changes by a factor of six between August and December.  相似文献   

Thermal and water regime studied in a thin soil layer of green roof systems at early stage of pedogenesis     

Vladimira Jelinkova  Michal Dohnal  Jan Sacha 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2016,16(11):2568-2579

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Grapefruit and oroblanco enhance hepatic detoxification enzymes in rats: possible role in protection against chemical carcinogenesis     

Hahn-Obercyger M  Stark AH  Madar Z 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(5):1828-1832

Citrus fruits are considered to be functional foods that promote good health. This study was carried out to assess the effect of oroblanco and grapefruit consumption on hepatic detoxification enzymes. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were provided with either regular drinking water (control) or experimental treatments of oroblanco juice, grapefruit juice, or a sugar mix for 6 weeks. After 1 week of treatment, half the animals in each group were injected with the procarcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. Grapefruit juice significantly increased activity and expression of the hepatic phase I enzyme, cytochrome P450 CYP1A1, with a marked trend toward enhanced NAD(P)H:quinone reductase (QR) activity. Oroblanco juice significantly increased glutathione S-transferase phase II enzyme activity along with CYP1A1 expression and a notable trend toward increased activity of both CYP1A1 and QR. These results suggest that these citrus fruits are bifunctional inducers, modulating both phase I and phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes to enhance hepatic detoxification.  相似文献   

Involvement of Jasmonic Acid/Ethylene Signaling Pathway in the Systemic Resistance Induced in Cucumber by Trichoderma asperellum T203   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Shoresh M  Yedidia I  Chet I 《Phytopathology》2005,95(1):76-84

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IS900-PCR-based detection and characterization of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from buffy coat of cattle and sheep     

Bhide M  Chakurkar E  Tkacikova L  Barbuddhe S  Novak M  Mikula I 《Veterinary microbiology》2006,112(1):33-41

Johne's disease is one of the main causes of economic losses in ruminants and a major health hazard in the developing and developed world. Up till now, many microbiological, serological and molecular methods have been tried for the detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). In this study, we attempt a PCR-based detection of IS900, distinct insertion sequences of MAP from the buffy coat of cattle (n=262) and sheep (n=78), and direct genotyping by single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP). A total of 30 (11.45%) cattle and one sheep (1.28%) were positive for MAP-IS900. This IS900-based PCR detection proved highly specific, particularly when tested on other non-MAP strains. SSCP analysis grouped the MAP-IS900 into four distinct clusters based on different band patterns. Nucleotide sequence variability between MAPs detected from sheep (GenBank accession ) and cattle (GenBank accession -) was noticed in the study. Although, in recent years IS900-PCR-based detection of MAP from WBCs is being used in human, its use in animals is still limited. Our work not only supports its use in animals but also suggests further IS900-SSCP-based MAP-genotyping, coupled with DNA sequencing, as a promising tool for rapid and effective Johne's disease surveillance.  相似文献   

A modified technique for episioplasty     

Michal O. Hess 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2012,53(4):337

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Pathogenicity of fungi associated with ash dieback symptoms of one‐year‐old Fraxinus excelsior in Montenegro     

Aleksandar Vemi&#x;  Michal Tom&#x;ovský  Thomas Jung  Ivan Milenkovi&#x; 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(5)

In addition to Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, two fungi identified as Diaporthe eres aff. and Fusarium sambucinum aff. were also isolated from necrotic bark lesions on declining one‐year‐old Fraxinus excelsior in a forest stand in Montenegro. To examine their involvement in ash decline, a pathogenicity test was performed using under bark inoculations on one‐year‐old Fraxinus excelsior. Hymenoscyphus fraxineus was included as comparison. All three fungal species proved highly pathogenic towards one‐year‐old seedlings although lesion sizes differed significantly between the different species. Hymenoscyphus fraxineus was most aggressive, followed by F. sambucinum aff., while D. eres aff. caused the smallest lesions. This study demonstrates for the first time the ability of isolates in the D. eres and F. sambucinum species complexes to cause decline on one‐year‐old common ash seedlings.  相似文献