Bovine respiratory syncytial virus seroprevalence and risk factors in endemic dairy cattle herds     

Camilla Luzzago  Valerio Bronzo  Stefano Salvetti  Michela Frigerio  Nicola Ferrari 《Veterinary research communications》2010,34(1):19-24

The herd seroprevalence of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) was studied in 59 dairy cattle herds using serology on random selected animals stratified by two age classes (heifers, cows). Risk factors for primary infections in heifers were investigated using a questionnaire on management conditions and data on bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) status. At least one seropositive cow was present in all the herds. In 25% of the herds all individual were seropositive and 22% of herds had all heifers seronegative. Analysis of the influence of risk factors retained summer pasture and BVD status. In particular, absence of summer pasture and the BVD positive status of heifers were associated with an increased risk of BRSV infection in heifers group.  相似文献   

Coupling an oceanographic model to a Fishery Observing System through mixed models: the importance of fronts for anchovy in the Adriatic Sea          下载免费PDF全文

Piera Carpi  Michela Martinelli  Andrea Belardinelli  Aniello Russo  Enrico Arneri  Alessandro Coluccelli  Alberto Santojanni 《Fisheries Oceanography》2015,24(6):521-532

Anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus, forms the basis of Italian small pelagic fisheries in the Adriatic Sea. The strong dependence of this stock on environmental factors and the consequent high variability makes the dynamics of this species particularly complicated to model. Weekly geo‐referenced catch data of anchovy obtained by means of a Fishery Observing System (FOS) from 2005 to 2011 were referred to a 0.2 × 0.2 degree grid (about 20 km²) and associated with the environmental parameters calculated by a Regional Ocean Modelling System, AdriaROMS. Generalized Additive Mixed Models (GAMM) with and without random effects were used to identify a relationship between abundance in the catch and oceanographic conditions. The outcomes of models with no random effects, with random vessel effects and with the random vessel and random week‐of‐the‐year effects were examined. The GAMM incorporating a random vessel and week‐of‐the‐year effect were selected as the best model on the basis of the Akaike information criteria (AIC). This model indicated that catches (abundance) of anchovy in the Adriatic Sea correlate well with low temperatures, salinity fronts and sea surface height, and allowed the identification of areas where high concentrations of this species are most likely to occur. The results of this study demonstrate that GAMM are a useful tool to combine geo‐referenced catch data with oceanographic variables and that the use of a mixed‐model approach with spatial and temporal random effects is an effective way to depict the dynamics of marine species.  相似文献   

库尔勒香梨龟背状果实性状浅析     

何子顺  李世强  茹仙古丽·买买提  努尔买买提·买合苏木  温且木·热合曼  张峰 《塔里木大学学报》2010,22(2):32-36

本文对香梨龟背果的单果重、种子数、偏歪程度、硬度、可溶性固形物等进行了测定分析。结果表明,龟背果多发生于宿萼果实和萼端未突起的果实;龟背状主要是由于果实纵向不均衡生长造成的;扁平面硬度大、可溶性固形物含量低;果实的饱满种子数少,且分布不均匀,扁平面无饱满种子或饱满种子少于膨大面的;龟背果是一类劣质畸形果。  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of intravenous and extradural tramadol in dogs     

Enzo Vettorato  Annalisa Zonca  Maurizio Isola  Roberto Villa  Martina Gallo  Giuliano Ravasio  Michela Beccaglia  Clara Montesissa  Petra Cagnardi 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2010,183(3):310-315

Tramadol is a synthetic opioid agonist used extensively in human and, to a lesser extent, veterinary medicine throughout the world. The clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetic profile of intravenous (IV) and extradural (ED) tramadol (2 mg/kg) and its o-desmethyl metabolite were studied in dogs undergoing tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO). Intra-operative cardiorespiratory variables were monitored and post-operative pain was assessed using the short form of the Glasgow Composite Pain Scale. A rapid (<5 min) and effective production of o-desmethyl tramadol was recorded. The pharmacokinetic profile was similar for tramadol and its metabolite irrespective of the route of administration. ED tramadol provided sufficient intra- and post-operative analgesia without significant clinical side-effects, but the post-operative analgesia was comparable to that following IV administration and the ED route could therefore not be considered a practical alternative to the IV route.  相似文献   

Puppy behavior when left home alone: Changes during the first few months after adoption     

Simona Cannas  Diane Frank  Michela Minero  Martin Godbout  Clara Palestrini 《Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research》2010,5(2):94-100

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Toxicology of fungicides: effects of 270 days administration of zinc ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate in Friesian cattle     

M Gennaro Soffietti  C Nebbia  B Biolatti  G Re  M Castagnaro  F Cottino  F Guarda 《Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde》1988,130(12):657-672

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Adrenergic regulation of vascular smooth muscle tone in calf digital artery     

Belloli C  Badino P  Arioli F  Odore R  Re G 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2004,27(4):247-254

Radioligand binding studies and functional assays on isolated smooth muscle preparations were performed in order to obtain a biochemical and functional characterization of the beta-adrenoceptor (beta-AR) subtypes involved in regulation of the smooth muscle relaxation of the calf's common digital artery. The results indicate that the common digital artery possesses two beta-AR populations (40% beta(1) and 60% beta(2)) and the beta(2)-subtype appears to predominate as far as function is concerned. Only the beta(2)-AR agonists clenbuterol and fenoterol caused dose-related relaxant effects, antagonized by propranolol, when tested in preparations precontracted both with PGF(2alpha) (1.4 x 10(-5) m) and noradrenaline (1.2 x 10(-6) m). In noradrenaline precontracted preparations the beta(1)-AR selective agonists dobutamine and xamoterol caused vasodilation which was not antagonized by (+/-)propranolol. While the functional relaxant effects of dobutamine may be attributed to its potent competitive alpha-AR blocking activity, further investigations are required to explain the effect of xamoterol. The vasodilator effect of (+/-)isoproterenol was irregular. The recorded contractile effects, mainly at dosages greater than 10(-6) m, suggest the loss of drug selectivity for beta-AR and alpha-AR activation. Indirect evidence indicates that the alpha-adrenoceptor (alpha-AR) population in this tissue which produces a strong contraction is functionally dominant over the beta-AR, suggesting limited therapeutic benefit for beta-AR drugs to control blood flow disorders in the calf's distal limb.  相似文献   

Insulin resistance and abomasal motility disorders in cows detected by use of abomasoduodenal electromyography after surgical correction of left displaced abomasum     

Pravettoni D  Doll K  Hummel M  Cavallone E  Re M  Belloli AG 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(10):1319-1324

OBJECTIVE: To determine the correlation between insulin concentrations and myoelectrical activity of the abomasum in cows with a left displaced abomasum (LDA). ANIMALS: 14 dairy cows with an LDA at the onset of lactation. PROCEDURE: During surgical correction of an LDA, 3 pairs of electrodes were placed in the smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract (abomasal body, pars pylorica, and duodenum) of each cow. Electromyographic recordings were obtained once per day for 7 days. Samples were collected and tested to determine concentrations of insulin, glucagon, cortisol, glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and nonesterified fatty acids. RESULTS: All 14 cattle had high glucose and insulin concentrations at the time of admission, independent of ketosis. Concentrations of glucose and insulin decreased slowly after surgical treatment and were associated with a progressive increase in abomasoduodenal myoelectric activity. The 14 cows were allocated into 2 groups (suspected insulin-resistant cattle, n = 7; suspected non-insulin-resistant cattle, 7) on the basis of persistent hyperinsulinemia during the postoperative period. Seven days after surgery, the abomasoduodenal myoelectric patterns were still significantly lower for the insulin-resistant cows, compared with patterns for the non-insulin-resistant cows. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Insulin resistance appears to be common in cows with an LDA. Analysis of results of this study reveals that abomasal atony in cows with an LDA depends on persistence of high serum concentrations of insulin. Results of this study could provide an explanation for a pathogenetic factor of LDAs and the frequent relapses of cattle affected by this condition.  相似文献   

A scoring system for risk assessment of the introduction and spread of bovine viral diarrhoea virus in dairy herds in Northern Italy     

Luzzago C  Frigerio M  Piccinini R  Daprà V  Zecconi A 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2008,177(2):236-241

To support a voluntary disease control program, this study aimed to develop an integrated scoring system for the risk assessment of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) infection in dairy herds in Northern Italy. Sixty-two dairy herds were classified according to their BVDV serological status. Farmers were interviewed using a questionnaire on potential BVDV risk factors. Scores were used to define risk levels for factors related to (1) BVDV introduction (through livestock trade, attendance of animals at shows/exhibitions and grazing common pasture), (2) within-herd spread of BVDV and (3) the results of initial serological testing. The calculated odds ratios were significant for all categories, except for livestock trade. The application of the screening test, the questionnaire and the related risk assessment showed this to be a practical approach to predicting BVDV herd status.  相似文献   

Aggressive dogs are characterized by low omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid status   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Re S  Zanoletti M  Emanuele E 《Veterinary research communications》2008,32(3):225-230

Canine aggressive behaviour is one of the most common problems being reported by dog owners. However, the biochemical basis of this phenomenon remains unclear. In humans, alterations in omega-3 plasma polyunsatured fatty acids and elevated omega6/omega-3 ratio have been linked to behavioural alterations, including aggression. Thus far, however, the relationship between plasma polyunsatured fatty acid status and aggression has not been investigated in the dog. In the present study we sought to investigate whether polyunsatured fatty acid status could be altered in plasma of pathologically aggressive Canis familiaris. Eighteen adult male German Shepherd dogs, aged 4.9 ± 0.9 years, showing no clinical signs but aggression, were investigated. Eighteen healthy male dogs, aged 4.8 ± 0.7 years, with a negative history of behavioural and neurological disorders served as controls. Baseline fasting plasma polyunsatured fatty acid composition was determined by gas chromatography. Compared to normal dogs, aggressive dogs showed lower docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3) concentrations and a higher omega6/omega-3 ratio. In addition, they showed reduced cholesterol and bilirubin concentrations compared to their normally behaving counterparts. Altogether, our results suggest that low omega-3 fatty acids may adversely impact behaviour in dogs, resulting in greater propensity to aggression. However, given the cross-sectional design of our study, we cannot claim any causal relationship between the presence of alterations in fatty acid status and canine aggressiveness. Whether omega-3 fatty acids supplementation may be useful to reduce aggressive behaviour in the dog deserves further investigation.  相似文献