National wage case decision handed down     

Michelle Gilliver‐Smith 《Australian veterinary journal》2003,81(6):308-308

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Evaluation of microbial culture techniques for the isolation of Pythium insidiosum from equine tissues.     

Amy M Grooters  Amy Whittington  Mae K Lopez  Michelle N Boroughs  Alma F Roy 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2002,14(4):288-294

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of sample handling, storage, and culture techniques on the isolation of Pythium insidiosum from infected equine tissues. Tissue and kunker samples obtained immediately posteuthanasia from a horse with subcutaneous pythiosis were used to assess the effects of sample type (kunkers vs. tissues), media type (selective vs. nonselective), storage technique, and storage time on P. insidiosum isolation rate. Overall, isolation rates were higher from fresh kunkers (94.6%) and stored kunkers (76.4%) than from fresh tissues (8.3%) or stored tissues (4.6%). Isolation of P. insidiosum also occurred more often on antibiotic-containing media than on nonselective media for both fresh and stored samples. For samples that were stored for 1-3 days prior to culture, P. insidiosum isolation rates were highest for the following techniques: kunkers stored at room temperature and plated on selective media (100%), kunkers stored at 4 C and then plated on either nonselective (91.7%) or selective (95.8%) media, kunkers stored on cold packs and then plated on either nonselective (93.8%) or selective (100%) media, kunkers stored in ampicillin solution and plated on selective media (100%), and kunkers stored in ampicillin/gentocin solution and plated on selective media (87.5%). For samples stored for 4-5 days, P. insidiosum isolation rates were highest for kunkers stored at 4 C and then plated on either nonselective (81.3%) or selective (87.5%) media, kunkers stored in ampicillin solution and then plated on selective media (87.5%), and kunkers stored in ampicillin/gentocin solution and plated on selective media (87.5%). Results of this study suggest that optimal isolation rates of P. insidiosum from infected equine tissues are achieved by culturing fresh kunkers on selective media. For samples that cannot be processed immediately, acceptable handling techniques include storage at room temperature for up to 3 days, refrigeration for up to 5 days, shipping on cold packs, and storage in antibiotic solution, each combined with subsequent inoculation on selective media.  相似文献   

Pollutant loadings from solvay waste beds to lower Ninemile Creek,New York     

Steven W. Effler  Carol M. Brooks  Jeffrey M. Addess  Susan M. Doerr  Michelle L. Storey  Bruce A. Wagner 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1991,55(3-4):427-444

Concentrations of Cl, total ammonia (TNH₃), NO₃ plus NO₂, total P (TP), and soluble reactive P (SRP) were measured at two sites, located 5 km apart, on Ninemile Creek, New York, for a period of more than 8 mo. The sites bound the most recently formed Solvay waste beds, associated with the production of soda ash, that adjoin the creek. Concentrations of Cl and T-NH₃ increased on average by factors of 16.1 and 7.6, respectively, over the monitored stream reach. The estimated average loadings of these materials to the stream over this reach were 2.3 × 10⁵ and 1.2 × 102 kg d^?1, respectively. These inputs are attributable to the Solvay waste beds. The loading of Cl from this source has not changed significantly over a 4 yr period since the closure of the soda ash manufacturing facility. This is the single largest source of Cl, and the second largest source of T-NH₃, to polluted Onondaga Lake. Profiles of Cl in the lake indicated that at times the creek inflow plunges to subsurface layers as a result of its elevated density. This is at least in part a result of the creek's ionic enrichment. The concentration of SRP decreased by a factor of 2.0 on average over the study reach, probably due to adsorption to the CaCO₃ deposits that cover the stream bed in this area. However, the TP load from the creek to the lake is not significantly affected by this phenomenon.  相似文献   

Nutritional and physiological responses of young growing rats to diets containing raw cowpea seed meal,protein isolate (globulins), or starch     

Olivera L  Canul RR  Pereira-Pacheco F  Cockburn J  Soldani F  McKenzie NH  Duncan M  Olvera-Novoa MA  Grant G 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(1):319-325

The nutritional and physiological effects of raw cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp.) seed meal, protein isolate (globulins), or starch on the metabolism of young growing rats have been evaluated in 14-day trials. Wet and dry weight gain, feed conversion efficiency, and lipid and protein accretion were significantly reduced as a result of inclusion of seed meal, globulins, or starch in the diet, with growth retardation being most marked with the seed meal. The proportional weights of the small intestine and pancreas were increased by meal diets, and serum cholesterol levels were slightly reduced. The globulins and raw starch also increased relative small intestine weights but had no effect on the pancreas or serum constituents. The effects of cowpeas on rats appeared to be due primarily to the combined actions of globulins, resistant starches, protease inhibitors, and possibly fiber and non-starch polysaccharides on intestinal and systemic metabolism.  相似文献   

A soldier's view of the USAMRIID     

Blanchard M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,297(5584):1122

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Fluorescence-force spectroscopy maps two-dimensional reaction landscape of the holliday junction     

Hohng S  Zhou R  Nahas MK  Yu J  Schulten K  Lilley DM  Ha T 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,318(5848):279-283

Despite the recent advances in single-molecule manipulation techniques, purely mechanical approaches cannot detect subtle conformational changes in the biologically important regime of weak forces. We developed a hybrid scheme combining force and fluorescence that allowed us to examine the effect of subpiconewton forces on the nanometer scale motion of the Holliday junction (HJ) at 100-hertz bandwidth. The HJ is an exquisitely sensitive force sensor whose force response is amplified with an increase in its arm lengths, demonstrating a lever-arm effect at the nanometer-length scale. Mechanical interrogation of the HJ in three different directions helped elucidate the structures of the transient species populated during its conformational changes. This method of mapping two-dimensional reaction landscapes at low forces is readily applicable to other nucleic acid systems and their interactions with proteins and enzymes.  相似文献   

White fat progenitor cells reside in the adipose vasculature   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Tang W  Zeve D  Suh JM  Bosnakovski D  Kyba M  Hammer RE  Tallquist MD  Graff JM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,322(5901):583-586

White adipose (fat) tissues regulate metabolism, reproduction, and life span. Adipocytes form throughout life, with the most marked expansion of the lineage occurring during the postnatal period. Adipocytes develop in coordination with the vasculature, but the identity and location of white adipocyte progenitor cells in vivo are unknown. We used genetically marked mice to isolate proliferating and renewing adipogenic progenitors. We found that most adipocytes descend from a pool of these proliferating progenitors that are already committed, either prenatally or early in postnatal life. These progenitors reside in the mural cell compartment of the adipose vasculature, but not in the vasculature of other tissues. Thus, the adipose vasculature appears to function as a progenitor niche and may provide signals for adipocyte development.  相似文献   

Genetics. DNA patenting and licensing     

Henry MR  Cho MK  Weaver MA  Merz JF 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,297(5585):1279

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Orangutan cultures and the evolution of material culture     

van Schaik CP  Ancrenaz M  Borgen G  Galdikas B  Knott CD  Singleton I  Suzuki A  Utami SS  Merrill M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,299(5603):102-105

Geographic variation in some aspects of chimpanzee behavior has been interpreted as evidence for culture. Here we document similar geographic variation in orangutan behaviors. Moreover, as expected under a cultural interpretation, we find a correlation between geographic distance and cultural difference, a correlation between the abundance of opportunities for social learning and the size of the local cultural repertoire, and no effect of habitat on the content of culture. Hence, great-ape cultures exist, and may have done so for at least 14 million years.  相似文献   

Environmental economics. Development and conservation goals in World Bank projects     

Kareiva P  Chang A  Marvier M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,321(5896):1638-1639

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