A review of interactions between cetaceans and fisheries in the Azores     

Mónica A. Silva  Miguel Machete  Dália Reis  Marco Santos  Rui Prieto  Carla Dâmaso  João Gil Pereira  Ricardo S. Santos 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2011,21(1):17-27

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Sunflower seed meal as a protein source in diets for Tilapia rendalli (Boulanger, 1896) fingerlings     

Miguel A Olvera-Novoa  Leticia Olivera-Castillo  & Carlos A Martínez-Palacios 《Aquaculture Research》2002,33(3):223-229

This study tested the use of sunflower seed meal as a dietary protein replacement for fishmeal in practical diets for tilapia fingerlings. In order to determine the optimum substitution level for this species, sunflower seed meal was used to replace 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% of the fishmeal protein in diets containing 40% protein overall. During a 70‐day feeding period, diets containing 10% and 20% plant protein provided the best growth and feeding efficiency results, with values statistically similar to those of the control diet based on fishmeal as the sole protein. The unitary feeding cost index showed the highest profit with diets containing 20% sunflower seed meal. Growth depletion observed with diets containing higher sunflower seed meal percentages is explained by increasing Phe and Met deficiencies, and high non‐digestible fibre content. It was concluded that sunflower seed meal is a suitable feed ingredient for tilapia complete diets when it constitutes up to 20% of the dietary protein.  相似文献   

Amino acid profile of the quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) using near infrared spectroscopy and chemometric techniques     

Olga Escuredo  M. Inmaculada González Martín  Guillermo Wells Moncada  Susana Fischer  José Miguel Hernández Hierro 《Journal of Cereal Science》2014

The high content of amino acids of the quinoa, especially essential amino acids (higher than other cereals) makes a food increasingly demanded by consumers. A total of twelve amino acids (arginine, cystine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine and valine) were analyzed in quinoa samples from Chile by near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) with direct application to the samples of a remote fiber-optic reflectance probe. The calibration results using modified partial least squares (MPLS) regression satisfactorily allowed the determination of the concentrations of this amino acid group with high multiple correlation coefficients (RSQ = 0.97–0.71) and low standard prediction errors (SEPC = 0.07–0.20). The prediction capacity (RPD) for the arginine, the cystine, the isoleucine, the lysine, the serine, the threonine, the tryptophan, the tyrosine and the valine ranged between 2.6 and 5.2, for the rest of amino acids were higher to 1.8, indicating that the NIRS equations obtained were applicable to unknown samples. It has confirmed that NIRS technology is a method that may be useful to replace the traditional methods for routine analysis of some amino acids.  相似文献   

Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Effect of Inulin-Type Fructans,Used in Synbiotic Combination with Lactobacillus spp. Against Candida albicans     

García-Gamboa  Ricardo  Domínguez-Simi  Miguel Ángel  Gradilla-Hernández  Misael Sebastián  Bravo-Madrigal  Jorge  Moya  Andrés  González-Avila  Marisela 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2022,77(2):212-219

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - There is great interest in the search for new alternatives to antimicrobial drugs, and the use of prebiotics and probiotics is a promising approach to this...  相似文献   

Milk Yield of Holstein Cows Induced into Lactation Twice Consecutively and Lactation Curve Models Fitted to Artiifcial Lactations     

Jesus Mellado  Edgar Sepulveda  Jose E Garcia  Alvaro Rodriguez  Maria A De Santiago  Francisco G Veliz  Miguel Mellado 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2014,(6):1349-1354

Nineteen multiparous barren Holstein cows were subjected to an induction of lactation protocol for 21 d administering estradiol cypionate （2 mg kg-1 of body weight （BW） d-1, on day 1 to 14）, progesterone （0.10 mg kg-1 of BW, on day 1 to 7）, lfumethasone （0.03 mg kg-1 of BW, on day 18 to 20） and recombinant bovine somatotropin （rbST;500 mg per cow, on day 1, 6, 16 and 21）. At the end of lactation and with a minimum of a 2-mon dry period, the same cows were again hormonally induced into lactation. Cows in both lactations were not artiifcially inseminated, they were milked 3 times daily and received rbST throughout lactation. Mean accumulated milk yield at 305 d in milk （DIM） did not differ between the ifrst and second induced lactations （（9 710 ＆#177;1 728） vs. （9 309＆#177;2 150） kg;mean＆#177;SD）. Total milk yield （（12 707＆#177;3 406） vs. （12 306＆#177;4 218） kg;mean＆#177;SD） and lactation length （（405＆#177;100） vs. （410＆#177;91） d;mean＆#177;SD） were not different between the ifrst and second induced lactations. In a second study, 15 empirical models including exponential, power law, yield-density, sigmoidal and miscellaneous models were compared for their suitability by modeling 12-mon （n=334）, 18-mon （n=164） and 29-mon （n=22） lactation cycles of Holsteins cows induced into lactation and treated with rbST throughout the lactation. Hoerl （Y=ab1/xxc）, Wood （Y=axb exp（cx）） and Dhanoa （Y=ax（bc）exp（cx）） models were equally suitable to describe 12-mon lactations. An exponential model with ifve parameters （Y=exp（a＋bx＋cd2＋e/x）） showed the best ift for milk yield for 18-mon lactations. The rational model （Y=a＋bx/1＋cx＋dx2） was found to produce the closest ift for 29-mon lactations. It was concluded that, with the protocol used in the present study, multiparous cows respond favorably to a second cycle of induced lactation, with milk yield similar to that experienced during the ifrst cycle. Thus, dairy producers might be able to lengthen the productive life of infertile high producing cows with a renewal of artiifcial lactation, which would imply an overall reduction in voluntary culling of cows. Also, various equations used to describe the lactation curves demonstrated the potential for iftting monthly milk records of Holstein cows with prolonged lactations and induced hormonally into lactation.  相似文献   

Variability of herbaceous productivity along Nothofagus pumilio forest-open grassland boundaries in northern Chilean Patagonia     

L. Sánchez-Jardón  B. Acosta-Gallo  A. del Pozo  M. A. Casado  C. Ovalle  J. M. de Miguel 《Agroforestry Systems》2014,88(3):397-411

In order to develop a general model of aboveground net primary production (ANPP) of herbaceous communities in grazing systems that combine forested and open grasslands in temperate areas, biomass production and a set of biotic and abiotic variables were measured at four adjacent forest and grassland sites in Chile’s northern Patagonia for two consecutive growing seasons. At each site, one transect of 80 m long (40 m in open grassland and 40 m in forest) × 10 m wide was established. ANPP was significantly higher in open grasslands but no gradual change in biomass production was observed from inside the forest towards the open grassland. In open grasslands ANPP was spatially uniform but highly variable between years of contrasting weather conditions, whereas in forests it was more spatially heterogeneous and less variable over time. ANPP was highly correlated with cattle consumption. Structural equation models developed for the whole system confirm that ANPP was driven mainly by photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and available nitrogen. However, we found important differences between forests and the adjacent open grasslands. In forests ANPP was enhanced by positive feedbacks between the amount of transmitted PAR through the canopy and soil nutrient input via cattle dung deposition. In open grasslands nitrogen availability appeared to be the main limiting factor but also influenced by weather conditions (dryer or wetter years). The coexistence of forests and grasslands patches, with different susceptibility of ANPP to meteorological and soil nutrient availability, highlights the importance of implementing an integrated silvopastoral system with lenga (Nothofagus pumilio [Poepp. & Endl.] Krasser) in northern Patagonia.  相似文献   

Effect of different methods for the induction of spermiation on semen quality in European eel   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Juan F Asturiano  Luz Pérez  Daniel L Garzón  David S Peñaranda  Francisco Marco-Jiménez  Silvia Martínez-Llorens  Ana Tomás  & Miguel Jover 《Aquaculture Research》2005,36(15):1480-1487

Five hormonal treatments with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) were tested for the induction of maturation and spermiation in male farmed eels. The main aim was to optimize previously used hormonal treatments to achieve shorter induction treatments, longer spermiation periods and/or higher sperm quality. Fish treated for just 3 weeks (treatment E) or until the onset of spermiation (treatment C) showed the worst results, while the treatment consisting of weekly administration of 1.5 IU hCG g^?1 fish (treatment A) induced the highest percentage of spermiating males, the highest number of sperm samples and sperm volumes and densities similar to the rest of the treatments (B: half hormone dosage, or D: biweekly administration). Evaluation of the sperm quality was performed by computer‐assisted sperm analysis (CASA), considering the percentage of total motile spermatozoa, the percentage of fast and medium‐velocity spermatozoa, as well as different motility parameters. Sperm samples from A‐D groups showed between 44% and 54% motile spermatozoa, and between 10% and 15% fast spermatozoa, while samples from E‐treated males showed 0% motile cells. No significant differences were found in the spermatozoa straight line velocity (VSL), curvilinear velocity (VCL) or the angular velocity (VAP), neither spermatozoa beating cross frequency (BCF) between A–D groups.  相似文献   

Effect of hypo- and hyper-saline conditions on osmolarity and fatty acid composition of juvenile shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) fed low- and high-HUFA diets     

Miguel A Hurtado  Ilie S Racotta  Olivia Arjona  Mónica Hernández-Rodríguez  Ernesto Goytortúa  Roberto Civera  & Elena Palacios 《Aquaculture Research》2006,37(13):1316-1326

Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) grown in ponds are exposed to salinities of less than 5 g L^?1 during inland shrimp culture or to more than 40 g L^?1 from evaporation and reduced water exchange in dry, hot climates. However, dietary requirements for shrimp grown in low or high salinities are not well defined, particularly for fatty acids. Feeding shrimp postlarvae with highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) enhances tolerance to acute exposure to low salinity, as a result of better nutritional status, or/and specific effects of HUFA on membrane function and osmoregulation mechanisms. This study analysed the effect of HUFA supplementation (3% vs. 34%) on L. vannamei juveniles reared for 21 days at low (5 g L^?1), medium (30 g L^?1) and high salinities (50 g L^?1). Juveniles grown at 5 g L^?1 had lower survival compared with controls (30 g L^?1) or shrimp grown at 50 g L^?1, but no significant effect on survival was observed as a result of HUFA enrichment. In contrast, growth was significantly lower for shrimp grown at 50 g L^?1, but this effect was compensated by the HUFA‐enriched diet. Osmotic pressure in haemolymph was affected by salinity, but not by HUFA enrichment. Shrimp fed HUFA‐enriched diets had significantly higher levels of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in hepatopancreas and gills. These results demonstrate that growth at high salinities is enhanced with diets containing high HUFA levels, but that HUFA‐enriched diets have no effect on shrimp reared at low salinities.  相似文献   

Effect of aflatoxin B1 on resistance induced by Bordetella bronchiseptica vaccine in rabbits   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M C Venturini  C J Perfumo  M A Risso  C M Gomez  M V Piscopo  M Sala de Miguel  H Godoy 《Veterinary microbiology》1990,25(2-3):209-216

The effects of aflatoxin B1 on the development of the immune response to oil-adjuvanted Bordetella bronchiseptica vaccine and on acquired resistance to bacterial challenge were studied in rabbits. The doses of aflatoxin used were insufficient to produce clinical intoxication. Rabbits were randomly assigned to three groups, each having six animals: control (T), vaccinated (V), and vaccinated plus aflatoxin (VA) at 0.05 mg/kg daily per os. Groups V and VA were vaccinated twice, and the three groups were subsequently challenged with virulent B. bronchiseptica. The average weight gain at weekly intervals was significantly reduced in group VA, and no statistically significant differences were found in the titers of agglutinating antibodies between groups V and VA. There were significant differences between groups V and VA in the extent and severity of the pneumonic process, group VA being most affected. Results indicated that agglutinating antibody titers were not related to the level of protection in the latter group. Other mechanisms, such as alveolar macrophage activity and cell-mediated immunity, were implicated in the impairment of the acquired resistance in rabbits subclinically intoxicated with aflatoxin.  相似文献   

Sequential stopping rules for species accumulation     

J.?Andrés?ChristenEmail author  Miguel?Nakamura 《Journal of Agricultural, Biological & Environmental Statistics》2003,8(2):184-195

Identifying and counting the total number of biological species observed to date, and plotting versusa measure of the effort used to record them, gives rise to a species accumulation curve. Interest typically is concerned with estimating the total number of species in the area of study, having observed only the accumulation curve, having no information on species frequencies. This article considers the problem of optimally stopping the sampling process. We use a sequential procedure with a fixed maximum horizon for accumulation. A utility function based on the number of new species to be observed and the effort saved from the maximum horizon is adopted, and a workable algorithm based on backward induction is obtained. An example in accumulation of bat species is also presented.  相似文献