Characterization of vitamin B12 compounds from commercially available fish roe products     

Yamanaka  Tamami  Namura  Mika  Koseki  Kyohei  Bito  Tomohiro  Umebayashi  Yukihiro  Watanabe  Fumio 《Fisheries Science》2022,88(6):815-820

Although fish roes (or the egg-laden ovary) are seafood products with high nutritional value and are considered abundant in vitamins including vitamin B₁₂, nevertheless, the detailed properties of vitamin B₁₂ have not been fully elucidated in fish roe products. Vitamin B₁₂ content was determined using C18-reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography after purification of samples from immunoaffinity columns. Salmon egg-laden ovary products (sujiko), salmon roe products (ikura), dried mullet roe products (bottarga), and white sturgeon roe products (caviar) were found to contain substantial levels of vitamin B₁₂ (more than approximately 15 µg/100 g wet weight). Interestingly, high levels of vitamin B₁₂ per 100 g wet weight have been measured in pollack roe products (tarako) and flying fish roe products (tobiko). Liquid chromatography–electrospray-ionization/tandem mass spectrometry analysis revealed that vitamin B₁₂ was the predominant corrinoid in the evaluated fish roe products examined, while no inactive corrinoid compounds were identified. These results suggest that commercially available fish roe products could be an important source of vitamin B₁₂ for use as a dietary product for humans.

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Rapid time-resolved immunofluorometric assay for the measurement of creatine kinase in serum and whole blood samples     

Tuomola M  Vainio J  Lövgren T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(23):6659-6662

A rapid and simple immunochemical method was developed for the assessment of the creatine kinase (MM) isoenzyme [CK(MM)], a protein marker linked with animal welfare and meat quality. The one-step time-resolved immunofluorometric assay produced quantitative results from serum or whole blood samples in 20 min. The analytical limit of detection (mean + 2s) for the immunoassay was 17 ng/mL (n = 6), and the functional limit of detection for the analysis of porcine whole blood samples was 426 ng/mL (n = 24). The working range of the method was linear up to 50 micro g/mL, and the within-assay precision varied between 2.1 and 10.9%. The analysis of porcine serum samples showed that the results from the immunoassay method and colorimetric CK enzyme activity determination were highly correlated (r(2) = 0.965, n = 17, p < 0.001). The practicability of the assay was demonstrated by the analysis of 300 porcine whole blood samples in a slaughterhouse environment.  相似文献   

Solute effects on the interaction between water and ethanol in aged whiskey     

Nose A  Hojo M  Suzuki M  Ueda T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(17):5359-5365

The hydrogen-bonding structure of water-ethanol in whiskey was examined on the basis of (1)H NMR chemical shifts of the OH of water and ethanol. Phenolic acids and aldehydes (gallic, vanillic, and syringic acids; vanillin and syringaldehyde) exhibited their structure-making effects regardless of the presence or absence of 0.1 or 0.2 mol dm(-3) acetic acid. The OH-proton chemical shifts were measured for 32 malt whiskey samples of a distillery, aged for 0-23 years in five different types of casks. The OH-proton chemical shift values of the whiskies shifted toward the lower field in proportion to their contents of total phenols. It can be concluded that the strength of the hydrogen bonding in aged whiskies is directly predominated by acidic and phenolic components gained in oak wood casks and not dependent on just the aging time.  相似文献   

Recycled iron phosphate as a fertilizer raw material for tree stands on drained boreal peatlands     

Mika Nieminen  Ari Laurén 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,261(1):105-110

Fertilization of drained peatland forests with easily soluble or slow-release apatite fertilizers can increase phosphorus (P) export to water courses, especially when the soil is low in aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) hydroxides and oxides. Application of Al and Fe together with P increases P adsorption to the soil and decreases the risk of leaching. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of recycled iron phosphate (rFePO₄) as forest fertilizer raw material from environmental and forest production perspectives. Trial fertilizers with different mixtures of rFePO₄ and Russian Kola apatite (Kap) were applied on 15 mini-catchments (area 100 m²), where the discharge at the outlet was collected, sampled and analyzed throughout the about 4-year measurement period. The foliage P content and height growth of the trees on the mini-catchments were measured. The biomass growth of the extramatrical mycorrhizal mycelia (EMM) was studied with a separate in-growth mesh bag experiment conducted on the same site. The results indicated no increase in phosphorus export to surface waters after application of rFePO₄ and 25/75 and 50/50 mixtures of rFePO₄ and Kap. In contrast to earlier studies showing a relatively high P export with different types of apatite fertilizers, the Kap fertilizer showed only minor phosphorus export. The height growth measurements and needle analyses of the juvenile Scots pine stands indicated poor P availability from pure rFePO₄, but the P availability from the 50/50 and 25/75 mixtures of rFePO₄ and Kap was similar to pure Kap. The mixtures of Kap and rFePO₄ enhanced the EMM biomass by 2- to 3-fold, whereas Kap and rFePO₄ alone, and high P availability (superphosphate) had no significant effect compared to non-P controls. The increase in EMM biomass as induced by concurrent application of Kap and rFePO₄ was not clearly reflected in tree growth and P acquisition. However, longer follow-up studies than in this one may be needed in order to verify the effect of increased EMM biomass on mycorrhizal mycelia mediated nutrient uptake and tree growth.  相似文献   

Copper and Chromium Electrodialytic Migration in CCA-Treated Timber Waste     

Jurate Virkutyte  Emiliya Velizarova  Alexandra B. Ribeiro  Mika SillanpÄÄ 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2005,160(1-4):27-39

Chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated timber waste is hazardous for the environment due to the leakage of copper, chromium as well as arsenic to the soil and the groundwater. The study concentrates on electrodialytic removal of copper and chromium and their migration behavior in the wood chips and sawdust matrix in an applied electric field. The method is based on the movement of the charged particles in the electric field, enhanced by incubation with oxalic acid (2.5% w/w) and various placement of the contaminated waste in the electrodialytic cell area to analyze the distribution of chemicals in the proposed matrix. The method was tested in laboratory scale experiments where the CCA contaminated wood chips and clean sawdust were placed in various places of the cell, i.e., adjacent to the cathode and anode compartments and in the mid-section of the cell. The duration of each experiment was 14 days and the current was kept constant at 40 mA. During the electrodialytic treatment negative copper and chromium compounds were mostly found in the anolyte or accumulated in the anion-exchange membrane. The amount of positive compounds found in the catholyte is negligible. The placement of contaminated chips close to the anode and cathode showed that copper and chromium moved towards the positively charged anode. If placed in the mid section of the cell, significant amount of contaminants remained bound to the wood matrix or slightly migrated towards the anode. To predict the formation of copper and chromium species at certain pH and Eh, the computer-modeling program MTDATA to generate Pourbaix diagrams was used.  相似文献   

Communities of Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta) in planted birch stands as compared with natural forests in central Finland     

Mika?R?tyEmail author  Veikko?Huhta 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2004,40(6):413-420

This study compares the enchytraeid communities in anthropogenous birch (Betula pendula) stands of different origin with each other and with natural forests at the same latitude in Finland. Nine sites were investigated: three birch stands planted ca. 30 years prior to the study after clear-cutting of spruce stands, three birch stands established ca. 30 years earlier on arable soil (cleared from earlier coniferous forest), and three natural deciduous forests. Each site was sampled three times (May, August and October) in 1999, animals were extracted using the wet funnel method, counted and identified. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) was used to analyse the communities. There were clear differences between the birch stands established after spruce forest and after cultivation, and between these and natural deciduous stands, but even more between replicates of similarly managed forests. Total numbers and populations of most species were lower in birch-after-field than in birch-after-spruce. The superdominant species in coniferous forests, Cognettia sphagnetorum, was dominant in all birch-after-spruce sites and one natural deciduous site. Enchytronia parva was the only species more abundant in birch-after-field than in birch-after-spruce. It is hypothesized that, in addition to soil acidity, accidental transport by man explains the presence of many species on a given locality, and that competition with earthworms plays a role in regulating enchytraeid abundances.  相似文献   

Nitrogenase MoFe-protein at 1.16 A resolution: a central ligand in the FeMo-cofactor     

Einsle O  Tezcan FA  Andrade SL  Schmid B  Yoshida M  Howard JB  Rees DC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,297(5587):1696-1700

A high-resolution crystallographic analysis of the nitrogenase MoFe-protein reveals a previously unrecognized ligand coordinated to six iron atoms in the center of the catalytically essential FeMo-cofactor. The electron density for this ligand is masked in structures with resolutions lower than 1.55 angstroms, owing to Fourier series termination ripples from the surrounding iron and sulfur atoms in the cofactor. The central atom completes an approximate tetrahedral coordination for the six iron atoms, instead of the trigonal coordination proposed on the basis of lower resolution structures. The crystallographic refinement at 1.16 angstrom resolution is consistent with this newly detected component being a light element, most plausibly nitrogen. The presence of a nitrogen atom in the cofactor would have important implications for the mechanism of dinitrogen reduction by nitrogenase.  相似文献   

Cellularity of developing subcutaneous adipose tissue in Landrace and Meishan pigs: Adipocyte size differences between two breeds     

Ikuyo NAKAJIMA  Mika OE  Koichi OJIMA  Susumu MUROYA  Masahiro SHIBATA  Koichi CHIKUNI 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(1):144-149

Experiments were designed to compare the adipocyte cellularity of subcutaneous adipose tissue between growing Landrace (low backfat) and Meishan (high backfat) pigs at 1 week, 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months and 5 months of age. As pigs aged, body weight and backfat thickness of both breeds significantly increased. When compared at equal ages, backfat thickness adjusted to equal body weight was greater for Meishan pigs. The mean diameter of fat cell size also increased with age, and by 6 weeks adipocytes from both outer and inner layers of subcutaneous adipose tissue were larger in Meishan pigs. At 5 months, approximately 80% of the adipose tissue mass in Meishan pigs was attributable to adipocytes measuring 95–165 µm in diameter, whereas adipocytes of 75–145 µm comprised most of the tissue mass in the Landrace. Although the contribution of smaller adipocytes (25–45 µm) to the tissue volume was negligible, both breeds showed a biphasic diameter distribution at all ages, suggesting that adipocyte hyperplasia is still active. Our results demonstrate that cellularity differences exist between the subcutaneous adipose tissues of Landrace and Meishan pigs, and adipocyte hypertrophy is the most overwhelming contributor to the greater backfat deposition for Meishan pigs.  相似文献   

Earthworm communities in birch stands with different origin in central Finland     

Mika Räty 《Pedobiologia》2004,48(3):283-291

The aim of the study was to compare earthworm communities in anthropogenous birch stands with different origin in Finland. A total of nine forest sites were investigated: three birch stands (Betula pendula) planted ca. 30 years prior to the study after clear-cutting of spruce stands (“Birch after Spruce”, BS), three birch stands planted ca. 30 years earlier on arable soil that had been under normal cultivation until forestation (“Birch after Field”, BF), and three “Natural Deciduous” forests (D). Earthworms were sampled in May and October 1999 using a combination of formaline extraction and modified wet funnels. There were conspicuous differences between replicates of similarly managed forests. Earthworms were totally lacking in one of the D sites, while another had an abundant and diverse community. Only Dendrobaena octaedra was present in one BS site, while the two others harboured also Aporrectodea caliginosa and three Lumbricus species. All these species were also present in the BF sites, where their total biomass (ranging from 70 to 138 g (f.w.)/m²) was 2.6 times the average in BS, and of the same magnitude as the average in natural deciduous stands. A separate experiment revealed that L. terresris and A. caliginosa, which are not found in the surrounding coniferous forest, are able to live and reproduce in the soil of the D site where they were absent. It was concluded that earthworm species survive and reproduce in birch stands established on arable soil, where they have invaded during the long cultivation. On the other hand, their possibilities to disperse from cultural landscapes determine their presence not only in birch stands established in earlier coniferous forests, but also in “natural deciduous” forests where source populations are not present in the surroundings.  相似文献   

Foliar potassium status explains Douglas fir response to nitrogen fertilization in the inland Northwest,USA     

Peter G. Mika  James A. Moore 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1990,54(1):477-491

Despite apparently inadequate N levels throughout the Inland Northwest of the United States, trees on some sites showed no increased growth 6 yr after N fertilization. Nor did higher N application rates consistently produce higher response. These facts indicated that other factors are limiting tree growth at these sites. Results suggest that K status is one important factor, influencing N fertilization response in the following general ways; (1) for stands with low pretreatment foliar K levels, the amount and duration of growth response are reduced, and higher N fertilizer rates produce less response; and (2) for all stands, growth response declines when foliar K decreases after N fertilization.  相似文献