'Kangaroo gait' in ewes     

Pritchard G  Scholes S  Millar M  Foster A 《The Veterinary record》2006,159(3):91-92

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Molecular Diversity of Campylobacter coli and C. jejuni Isolated from Pigs at Slaughter by flaA‐RFLP Analysis and Ribotyping     

J. E. Moore  J. Lanser  M. Heuzenroeder  R. M. Ratcliff  B. C. Millar  R. H. Madden 《Zoonoses and public health》2002,49(8):388-393

A population of porcine isolates of Camplobacter jejuni (n=11) and C. coli (n=17) were examined for genotypic relatedness employing ribotyping, as well as polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) analysis of the flagellin (fla)A gene locus. PCR was employed to amplify a 533 bp fragment from the flaA gene, including the previously described short variable region (SVR), employing the novel primers, A2 and A1 and successfully generated this amplicon for all wild‐type strains examined (n=28) of both C. jejuni and C. coli, as well as with both type strains, i.e. C. jejuni NCTC 11351 and C. coli NCTC 11366. Individual genotypes were assigned to each isolate typed employing the four typing methods (flaA‐RFLP_{Hae III}, flaA‐RFLP_{Pst I} ribotyping_{Hae III} and ribotyping_{Pst I},) and were assigned an arbitrary genotype code in ascending alphabetical order in comparison with a database of established genotypes for each of the methods employed. This study showed that several flaA‐RFLP and ribopatterns existed within C. jejuni and C. coli, and demonstrated a heterogeneous diversity of strains occurring in the pigs examined. Ribotyping of strains with 16S and 23S rRNA with Pst I and Hae III digested chromosomal DNA allowed subdivision of strains into nine and eight groups, respectively. RFLP analyses with Pst I and Hae III digests probed with the flaA gene probe allowed subdivision of strains into eight and eleven subtypes, respectively. Employment of RFLP with the flaA nucleic acid probe and Hae III digests produced the greatest amount of variation of any genotyping scheme employed. Although there was a high degree of variability demonstrated by both typing methods, most isolates (>60%) clustered into four main genotypes, i.e. genotypes A–D. FlaA‐PCR–RFLP typing demonstrated that the majority of isolates, 67.9 and 60.7%, were included in these four main genotypes for Pst I and Hae III restriction digests, respectively, although there was a high prevalence (7/11; 63.6%) of fla_{Hae III} genotype A occurring within the C. jejuni isolates. Likewise, ribotyping studies demonstrated that most isolates were clustered into these four main genotypes, accounting for 81.5 and 60.7% of isolates for Pst I and Hae III restriction digests, respectively. This may indicate that the clonal population of campylobacters within this pig population is largely composed of persistent and dominant types, with a smaller number of hypervariable subtypes. Such data may useful in determining epidemiological routes of transmission of campylobacters from animal to animal, as well as helping to identify virulence determinants in persistent subtype populations.  相似文献   

Relationships between N₂O emissions and water-soluble C and N contents of agroforestry residues after their addition to soil     

N. Millar  E.M. Baggs 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2005,37(3):605-608

Nitrous oxide emissions are usually increased following incorporation of N-rich plant residues, but the effects of residue soluble C and N contents on emissions have still to be determined. Here we report a controlled environment experiment in which emissions of N₂O were measured following addition of ¹⁵N-labelled (2.5-4.2 atom % excess ¹⁵N) agroforestry residues (Sesbania sesban, Macroptilium atropurpureum and Crotalaria grahamiana) to an Oxisol. Exposure of these trees to different irradiance during growth resulted in differences in water-soluble C and N contents. The highest emissions were generally measured from the lower water-soluble C and N (LS) residues with 7 mg N₂O-N m⁻² emitted over 29 d after addition of Crotalaria LS residues (4.9% soluble C, 0.7% soluble N). Emissions were negatively correlated with the residue soluble C-to-N ratio (r=−0.68 to −0.89; P<0.05) at the time of main flux activity during the first 8 d after residue addition, indicating that under controlled environmental conditions substrates with a high soluble C-to-N ratio may result in low N₂O emissions during the early stages of residue decomposition. This relationship has still to be verified under field conditions.  相似文献   

Psoroptic mange in cattle confirmed in England     

Millar M  Milnes A  Wood K  Mitchell S  Kendall B 《The Veterinary record》2011,168(12):334

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Isolation in cell cultures and initial characterisation of two novel bocavirus species from swine in Northern Ireland   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

McKillen J  McNeilly F  Duffy C  McMenamy M  McNair I  Hjertner B  Millar A  McKay K  Lagan P  Adair B  Allan G 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,152(1-2):39-45

We report the isolation in cell cultures of two novel bocavirus species in pigs from farms in Northern Ireland with clinical postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). We have designated the isolates as porcine bocavirus-3 (PBoV3) and porcine bocavirus-4 (PBoV4). To date 5082 and 4125 bps of PBoV3 and PBoV4 have been sequenced, respectively. PBoV3 and PBoV4 show nucleotide homology to other known bocaviruses in swine and other organisms. Open reading frame (ORF) analysis has shown that these viruses have a third small ORF, equivalent to the NP1 ORF that distinguishes the bocaviruses from other parvoviruses. A panel of porcine field sera was screened by indirect immunofluorescence against both viruses. Of the 369 samples analysed, 32 (8.7%) and 35 (9.5%) sera were seropositive for PBoV3 and PBoV4 respectively, thus providing serological evidence of the exposure of swine in the field to bocavirus-like viruses. To date, the clinico-pathological significance of these novel swine bocaviruses, as primary pathogens or as immunosuppresive triggers for other infectious agents, is undetermined.  相似文献   

Blue-fluorescent antibodies     

Simeonov A  Matsushita M  Juban EA  Thompson EH  Hoffman TZ  Beuscher AE  Taylor MJ  Wirsching P  Rettig W  McCusker JK  Stevens RC  Millar DP  Schultz PG  Lerner RA  Janda KD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,290(5490):307-313

The forte of catalytic antibodies has resided in the control of the ground-state reaction coordinate. A principle and method are now described in which antibodies can direct the outcome of photophysical and photochemical events that take place on excited-state potential energy surfaces. The key component is a chemically reactive optical sensor that provides a direct report of the dynamic interplay between protein and ligand at the active site. To illustrate the concept, we used a trans-stilbene hapten to elicit a panel of monoclonal antibodies that displayed a range of fluorescent spectral behavior when bound to a trans-stilbene substrate. Several antibodies yielded a blue fluorescence indicative of an excited-state complex or "exciplex" between trans-stilbene and the antibody. The antibodies controlled the isomerization coordinate of trans-stilbene and dynamically coupled this manifold with an active-site residue. A step was taken toward the use of antibody-based photochemical sensors for diagnostic and clinical applications.  相似文献   

Models in fisheries research: GLMs, GAMS and GLMMs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yongshun Xiao  Andr E. Punt  Russell B. Millar  Terrence J. Quinn II 《Fisheries Research》2004,70(2-3):137-139

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Cereal Grain Structure and Development: Some Implications for Quality   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Tony Evers  S. Millar 《Journal of Cereal Science》2002,36(3):261

The grains of cultivated grasses that are conventionally described as cereals share many structural and developmental features. At the same time they are distinguished, one from another, by many individual characteristics, which fit them for different types of processing. In this review an attempt is made to describe common characteristics and to identify significant variables, both among and within species, that influence the grains» fitness for processing. A fruit is defined by every component part, but research has been concentrated disproportionately on those components perceived as being of greatest importance. For the continuation of the species the only essential component is the embryo, but for exploitation by humans the largest component, the endosperm, is the most important. It is inevitable that this review reflects the uneven emphasis of the literature on which it is based. A further justification for the bias is the potential that endosperm offers, by virtue of its simplicity, as a model whereby fundamental mechanisms of cell behaviour and control might be elucidated. This has already been recognised by a few but benefit may result from its wider appreciation.  相似文献   

Colloidal Centrifugation of Stallion Semen Results in a Reduced Rate of Sperm DNA Fragmentation     

F Crespo  L Gutiérrez‐Cepeda  J Gosalvez  C Serres  SD Johnston 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2013,48(2):e23-e25

Stallion spermatozoa recovered and examined immediately after colloidal centrifugation resulted in a higher straight‐line velocity (VSL) than sperm processed using direct conventional centrifugation (p = 0.000), but there was no differences in the progressive motility or sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) as determined by the sperm chromatin dispersion assay. However, when centrifuged spermatozoa were incubated at 37°C for 24 h to determine the rate of SDF (r‐SDF), a lower r‐SDF (p = 0.0011) was observed in those sperm recovered after colloidal separation (0.5 ± 0.1%/h) compared to direct (1.2 ± 0.4%/h) or no centrifugation (r‐SDF = 1.2 ± 0.3%/h). These results confirm that colloidal separation of stallion spermatozoa results in prolonged sperm DNA longevity, but these differences were only apparent following a period of incubation and dynamic assessment. Consequently, we strongly recommend the use of the dynamic form of the SDF assay for evaluating centrifugation and/or other ex vivo procedures, as a single basal assessment of SDF may inadvertently result in a false‐positive evaluation of DNA quality.  相似文献   

Detection and distribution of 32P labelled diazinon     

K.R. Millar M.Sc. A.N.Z.I.C. 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):141-144

Abstract

Extract

Caseous lymphadenitis is one of the most common specific infections of sheep in many sheep-raising countries of the world, yet comparatively little is known of its pathogenesis or the factors involved in acquired immunity, Corynebacteriwn ovis infection has been studied in guinea-pigs (Bull &; Dickinson, 1931 Bull, L. B. and Dickinson, L. G. 1931. Aust. J. exp. Biol. med. Sci., 8: 45–45.  [Google Scholar]; Carne, 1934 Carne, H. R. 1934. D.V.Sc. Thesis, University or Sydney.  [Google Scholar]) which are highly susceptible to experimental infection and in which the disease is virtually always steadily progressive till fatal. Partly because of this extreme sensitivity to infection, this animal has not proved very satisfactory for experiments related to natural resistance or acquired immunity. With the obvious need for a more suitable experimental animal, attention was directed towards the mouse.  相似文献