Investigation of diabetes mellitus in Burmese cats as an inherited trait: a preliminary study     

CA O'Leary  DL Duffy  MA Gething  C McGuckin  JS Rand 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):354-358

AIM: To investigate, in a pilot study, a possible genetic component to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) in Burmese cats in New Zealand by analysing pedigree data.

METHODS: Pedigrees were obtained for 305 Burmese cats living in New Zealand; diabetes was diagnosed in 19 of these due to presence of polyuria and polydipsia, persistent concentrations of glucose in plasma >16?mmol/L and glucosuria prior to insulin treatment. Pedigrees were also submitted for 16 cats with no clinical signs of T2D. The remaining 270 cats were unobserved relatives of these individuals. Inbreeding coefficients and heritability were calculated, and a single major locus model segregation analysis was conducted using pedigree analysis software.

RESULTS: Nineteen cats were diagnosed with T2D. Males (n = 14) and females (n = 5) were both affected, suggesting that the gene or genes causing diabetes are autosomal rather than sex-linked. Examination of the pedigree revealed few signs of fully penetrant dominant gene action: diabetes was ostensibly rarely seen in sequential generations and nearly always skipped at least one and often more generations; apparently unaffected offspring of apparently unaffected parents sometimes produced affected progeny. The mean relatedness of the affected animals within the core pedigree (16 diabetic cats) was 0.049, and mean inbreeding 0.033. Based on 100,000 permutations of the trait values, the expected relatedness of a random sample of 16 animals taken from the phenotyped animals would be 0.013 (SD 0.007) (permutation p = 0.0009). The observed inbreeding was also significant (permutation p= 0.02).

Heritability was estimated to be 9 (95% CI = 0–57)% assuming all animals with unknown status were unaffected. The best fitting genetic model was a major gene model with dominant expression with the risk allele frequency at 15% with 60% penetrance.

CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot study the increased inbreeding in the cases, lack of likely sampling bias, the increased frequency of T2D in Burmese, and small number of breed founders are consistent with the involvement of a major locus in diabetes in Burmese cats with a significant risk allele prevalence. However, low case numbers meant this could not be unambiguously confirmed. A genome-wide association study may be useful for investigating the genetic cause of T2D.  相似文献   

Rehabilitation for the orthopedic patient.     

Jacqueline R Davidson  Sharon C Kerwin  Darryl L Millis 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2005,35(6):1357-88, viii

An understanding of orthopedic conditions and their medical and surgical treatment is important to help the therapist develop a treatment plan that will help the patient return to function quickly with minimal complications. The therapist must constantly assess the patient for improvement or complications and adjust the therapy plan accordingly.Knowledge of the stages of tissue healing and of the strength of tissues is critical to avoid placing too much stress on the surgical site, yet some challenge to tissues must be provided to optimize the return to function.  相似文献   

Effects of 3.3-MHz ultrasound on caudal thigh muscle temperature in dogs     

Levine D  Millis DL  Mynatt T 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2001,30(2):170-174

OBJECTIVE: To examine the tissue-temperature changes that occur at various depths during 3.3-MHz ultrasound (US) treatments of the caudal thigh muscles in dogs. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective, randomized, experimental study. ANIMALS: Ten mixed-breed research dogs. METHODS: Two US treatments, one at an intensity of 1.0 W/cm(2) and one at 1.5 W/cm2, were administered to the caudal thigh region of 10 adult male and female hound-type dogs weighing 20.5 to 25.0 kg. Needle thermistors were inserted in the caudal thigh muscles below the skin surface at depths of 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 cm, directly under the US treatment area. Both intensities of US treatment were performed on each dog over a 10-cm2 area for 10 minutes using a sound head with an effective radiating area of 5 cm2. Treatments were administered in random order. Tissue temperature was measured before, during, and after US treatment until tissue temperature returned to baseline. RESULTS: At the completion of the 10-minute US treatment, the temperature rise at an intensity of 1.0 W/cm2 was 3.0 degrees C at the 1.0-cm depth, 2.3 degrees C at 2.0-cm depth, and 1.6 degrees C at 3.0-cm depth. At an intensity of 1.5 W/cm2, temperatures rose 4.6 degrees C at the 1.0-cm depth, 3.6 degrees C at 2.0-cm depth, and 2.4 degrees C at 3.0-cm depth. Tissue temperatures returned to baseline within 10 minutes or sooner after treatment in all dogs. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that significant heating occurs in the superficial thigh muscle of dogs during 3.3-MHz US. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: 3.3-MHz US can be used to increase superficial tissue temperature in dogs, although the amount of time that tissue temperature remains elevated is relatively short.  相似文献   

Benzimidazole-resistant Nematodirus sp in Tasmania     

DL OBENDORF  J. NICHOLLS  T. KOEN  E. LACEY 《Australian veterinary journal》1991,68(2):72-73

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Incidence rate of musculoskeletal injuries and determinants of time to recovery in young Australian Thoroughbred racehorses     

N Cogger  DL Evans  DR Hodgson  SW Reid  N Perkins 《Australian veterinary journal》2008,86(12):473-480

Objective To describe the incidence rate of musculoskeletal (MS) injuries and investigate the factors that influence recovery from MS injury in young Thoroughbred horses in Australia. Methods Training and injury data were collected at fortnightly intervals from 14 trainers in New South Wales. Incidence rates were calculated for initial injuries stratified by age‐class and sex. Survival analysis methods were used to investigate the time to recovery after the first MS injury (measured as a start in a race or barrier trial). Results For the 248 racehorses enrolled, there were 428 injuries recorded; 2‐year‐olds were 2.99‐fold more likely than 3‐year‐olds to sustain an MS injury. The cumulative percentage of horses that had recovered within 6 months was 55%. The time to recovery was longest in horses whose fast gallop speed prior to injury was < 890 m/min. Conclusion This study supports the finding that shin soreness is the most common MS injury in young Australian Thoroughbreds. There was an increased rate of MS injury in 2‐year‐olds compared with 3‐year‐olds. However, it was impossible to determine if the increased risk in 2‐year‐olds was related to age, the start of training or a combination of both. The study also found that horses performing at higher exercise speeds prior to injury were more likely to recover. There was a significant effect of trainer, suggesting that other factors related to trainer may influence the time to the recovery. Additional research is required to understand the determinants of time to recovery.  相似文献   

Effects of fungicides on in vitro spore germination and mycelial growth of the phytopathogens Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa (phoma stem canker of oilseed rape)     

Maria R Eckert  Stephen Rossall  Andrew Selley  Bruce DL Fitt 《Pest management science》2010,66(4):396-405

BACKGROUND: Phoma stem canker, caused by the coexisting related fungal pathogens Leptosphaeria maculans (Des.) Ces. & de Not and L. biglobosa Shoemaker & H Brun, is a major disease of winter oilseed rape in the UK. Annually, over 90% of UK crops receive at least one foliar application of fungicide, but little is known about the sensitivity of the more damaging L. maculans and the less damaging L. biglobosa to these fungicides. The effects of flusilazole, tebuconazole and Methyl Benzimidazole Carbamate (MBC) fungicides (benomyl and carbendazim) on the germination of ascospores, conidia and germ tube growth of both species were examined. Isolates collected from different oilseed rape crops in England and Wales were assessed for their mycelial growth on fungicide‐amended medium, and ED₅₀ values were calculated. RESULTS: Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa differed in their sensitivity to fungicides. Conidial germination of L. maculans was more sensitive to these fungicides than that of L. biglobosa. Isolates of L. maculans had smaller ED₅₀ values for mycelial growth for all fungicides tested than isolates of L. biglobosa. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that fungicide applications might affect the structure of L. maculans/L. biglobosa populations in UK winter oilseed rape crops. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Application of an ELISA Milk Pregnancy Test in Beef Cows          下载免费PDF全文

JN Roberts  TM Byrem  DL Grooms 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(4):651-658

Pregnancy‐associated glycoproteins (PAG) are secreted by the binucleate giant cells of the ruminant placenta and enter maternal circulation at the time of placental attachment. The IDEXX Milk Pregnancy Test (IDEXX, Westbrook, ME) detects a subset of PAG in milk. Although designed as a management tool for dairy cows, there is potential for using the milk PAG test in beef cows. Our objective was to compare the performance of the milk PAG ELISA with a gold standard method for pregnancy diagnosis and determine the agreement between milk and serum PAG analysis in lactating beef cows. Angus and Angus‐crossed cows (n = 332) from two Michigan beef herds were enrolled in this study. Cows were subjected either to timed artificial insemination followed by exposure to a bull or exclusively exposed to a bull. The bulls and cows were separated 30 days prior to examination. Serum and milk samples were collected and submitted within 24 h of collection to a commercial laboratory for PAG analysis using the IDEXX Milk Pregnancy Assay (milk) and the IDEXX Bovine Pregnancy Assay (serum). Concurrently with milk and serum collection, each cow was examined transrectally by palpation or ultrasonography. When compared to transrectal examination, the performance (and 95% confidence intervals) of the milk PAG ELISA was sensitivity of 99.7% (99.0–100.0%) and specificity of 80.8% (65.6–95.9%). The lower specificity is likely due to the low prevalence (9.9%) of open cows (n = 30) in the herds examined. Of the 332 cows examined, 1.8% (n = 6) were classified as rechecks using the milk PAG ELISA. Results of the milk and serum PAG ELISA were in high agreement (kappa coefficient = 0.91). The milk PAG ELISA was accurate in predicting pregnancy status using milk collected from beef cattle between days 37 and 125 post‐insemination and may be useful for aiding management decisions in beef herds.  相似文献   

Identification of candidate miRNAs and expression profile of yak oocytes before and after in vitro maturation by high‐throughput sequencing          下载免费PDF全文

XR Xiong  DL Lan  J Li  XD Zi  MY Li 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2016,51(6):886-894

Small RNA represents several unique non‐coding RNA classes that have important function in a wide range of biological processes including development of germ cells and early embryonic, cell differentiation, cell proliferation and apoptosis in diverse organisms. However, little is known about their expression profiles and effects in yak oocytes maturation and early development. To investigate the function of small RNAs in the maturation process of yak oocyte and early development, two small RNA libraries of oocytes were constructed from germinal vesicle stage (GV) and maturation in vitro to metaphase II‐arrested stage (M II) and then sequenced using small RNA high‐throughput sequencing technology. A total of 9,742,592 and 12,168,523 clean reads were obtained from GV and M II oocytes, respectively. In total, 801 and 1,018 known miRNAs were acquired from GV and M II oocytes, and 75 miRNAs were found to be significantly differentially expressed: 47 miRNAs were upregulated and 28 miRNAs were downregulated in the M II oocytes compared to the GV stage. Among the upregulated miRNAs, miR‐342 has the largest fold change (9.25‐fold). Six highly expressed miRNAs (let‐7i, miR‐10b, miR‐10c, miR‐143, miR‐146b and miR‐148) were validated by real‐time quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) and consistent with the sequencing results. Furthermore, the expression patterns of two miRNAs and their potential targets were analysed in different developmental stages of oocytes and early embryos. This study provides the first miRNA profile in the mature process of yak oocyte. Seventy‐five miRNAs are expressed differentially in GV and M II oocytes as well as among different development stages of early embryos, suggesting miRNAs involved in regulating oocyte maturation and early development of yak. These results showed specific miRNAs in yak oocytes had dynamic changes during meiosis. Further functional and mechanistic studies on the miRNAs during meiosis may beneficial to understanding the role of miRNAs on meiotic division.  相似文献   

AN EXPANDING UNIVERSE AN INDETERMINATE PROBLEM     

Millis J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1942,96(2482):84-85

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Supplementation with Phaseolus vulgaris Leaves Improves Metabolic Alterations Induced by High-Fat/Fructose Diet in Rats Under Time-Restricted Feeding     

Ramírez-Venegas  G.  De Ita-Pérez  DL.  Díaz-Muñoz  M.  Méndez  I.  García-Gasca  T.  Ahumada-Solórzano  M.  Zambrano-Estrada  X.  Vázquez-Martínez  O.  Guzmán-Maldonado  H.  Luna-Moreno  D. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2021,76(3):297-303

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - Time-restricted feeding and food enriched in polyphenols are strategies to prevent or reduce metabolic disorders. Bean leaves (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are a...  相似文献