Effect of an electrostatic space charge system on airborne dust and subsequent potential transmission of microorganisms to broiler breeder pullets by airborne dust     

Richardson LJ  Mitchell BW  Wilson JL  Hofacre CL 《Avian diseases》2003,47(1):128-133

High levels of dust and microorganisms are known to be associated with animal confinement rearing facilities. Many of the microorganisms are carried by dust particles, thus providing an excellent vector for horizontal disease transmission between birds. Two environmentally controlled rooms containing female broiler breeder pullets (n = 300) were used to evaluate the effectiveness of an electrostatic space charge system (ESCS) in reducing airborne dust and gram-negative bacteria levels over an 8-wk period (starting when the birds were 10 wk old). The ESCS was used to evaluate the effectiveness of reducing airborne microorganism levels by charging airborne dust particles and causing the particles to be attracted to grounded surfaces (i.e., walls, floor, equipment). The use of the ESCS resulted in a 64% mean reduction in gram-negative bacteria. Airborne dust levels were reduced an average of 37% over a 1-wk period in the experimental room compared with the control room on the basis of samples taken every 10 min. The reductions of airborne dust and bacteria in this study are comparable with earlier results obtained with the ESCS in commercial hatching cabinets and experimental caged layer rooms, suggesting the system could also be applied to other types of enclosed animal housing.  相似文献   

A laboratory evaluation of the palatability of legumes to the field slug,Deroceras reticulatum Müller     

Brooks AS  Crook MJ  Wilcox A  Cook RT 《Pest management science》2003,59(3):245-251

Slugs are major pests of many crops, including winter wheat, in temperate climates, yet current methods of control are often unreliable. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential for common legume species to act as an alternative source of food, or trap crop, for the most damaging agricultural pest species, the grey field slug, Deroceras reticulatum Müller, thereby reducing damage to the wheat crop. A series of three controlled-environment experiments were designed to assess this aim. Individual slugs were fed leaves of one of ten legume species together with winter wheat leaves for a 72-h period. A clear hierarchy of acceptability was shown, with red clover, lucerne, lupin and white clover showing significantly higher Acceptability Indices than the other six species tested. Red clover produced the greatest reduction in mean wheat consumption (78%) from day 1 to day 3. When species were fed individually, red clover was consumed in significantly greater quantities than any of the other treatments: 40% more than white clover and 56% more than wheat. Furthermore, when fed with red clover the amount of wheat consumed was some 50% less than when the latter was fed alone. The results indicate that legumes vary greatly in their acceptability to D. reticulatum and it is essential that a legume with a high Acceptability Index is chosen, which results in the least amount of wheat consumed.  相似文献   

Ultrasonographic detection of ingested and perforating wooden foreign bodies in four dogs     

Penninck D  Mitchell SL 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2003,223(2):206-9, 196

Four dogs that had ingested wooden foreign bodies were examined. All 4 dogs were young and were examined because of lethargy and a mass involving the left flank that was partially responsive to antimicrobial treatment. Ultrasonography of the flank mass revealed inhomogeneous subcutaneous tissues representing seroma, edema, or reactive tissue. Long, linear, bright interfaces representing the wooden foreign bodies were identified in the stomach of 3 dogs and in the abdominal cavity of 1 dog. The interfaces were associated with uniform shadowing in 3 dogs. Local omental and mesenteric changes suggestive of focal peritonitis were evident in 1 dog. In all 4 dogs, the foreign bodies were removed through an exploratory celiotomy. All dogs recovered without complications.  相似文献   

Anaesthesia in small-animal practice     

B Mitchell 《The Veterinary record》1966,79(1):Suppl:v-Supviii

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Canada's Oldest Veterinary Practice   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

Chas. A. Mitchell 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1953,17(6):255-259

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A Glance At The Virus Field          下载免费PDF全文

Chas. A. Mitchell 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1959,23(6):186-194,195-198

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Welfare assessment of modified rearing programmes for broiler breeders     

Hocking PM  Maxwell MH  Robertson GW  Mitchell MA 《British poultry science》2001,42(4):424-432

1. Female broiler breeders were fed ad libitum or a restricted quantity of food to achieve either a recommended body weight curve or a modified (linear) growth curve that allowed more generous feeding between 6 and 15 weeks of age. The birds were fed a ration containing either a normal or low concentration of crude protein. The welfare of the birds was assessed using a profile of indices of welfare at 6, 12, 18 and 24 weeks of age. 2. The low-protein ration decreased the body weight of birds fed ad libitum and restricted birds were fed substantially more of the low-protein ration to meet target body weights from 3 to 14 weeks of age. 3. The modified restricted rearing programme did not have an effect on indices of welfare. 4. Water intakes and plasma corticosterone concentrations were lower in restricted birds fed the low-protein ration and they spent more time resting, and less time spot-pecking, than birds fed the high-protein ration. 5. Birds fed ad libitum on both rations spent more time resting and less time foraging, drinking and spot-pecking than food restricted birds and were more fearful than restricted birds at 6, 12 and 18 weeks of age. 6. The heterophil:lymphocyte ratio in restricted birds was higher at 6 weeks and lower at 24 weeks compared with birds fed ad libitum. Humoral immunity was lower at 6 weeks of age in birds fed ad libitum and was similar at other ages. Cell-mediated immunity was similar among all treatments. 7. Plasma corticosterone concentrations were higher in restricted birds compared with birds fed ad libitum. Plasma creatine kinase activity was higher in birds fed ad libitum at 6, 12 and 18 weeks of age. Alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase activity were higher whereas AST was lower in restricted birds compared with those fed ad libitum. 8. There was no evidence to support the use of low protein rations or linear growth curves to improve welfare in restricted broiler breeder females.  相似文献   

Anthelmintic-resistant nematodes in sheep in Scotland   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Bartley D  Jackson F  Coop RL  Jackson E  Johnston K  Mitchell GB 《The Veterinary record》2001,149(3):94-95

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Level of benzimidazole resistance in a strain of Ostertagia circumcincta studied over several infections in lambs     

E. W. Scott  E. S. Mitchell  J. Armour  K. Bairden  A. Soutar  J. A. Bogan 《Veterinary parasitology》1989,30(4):305-314

A benzimidazole-resistant strain of Ostertagia circumcinta (HFRO) was used experimentally to infect lambs. The level of resistance, measured by an egg hatch assay, was studied throughout each infection and also after treatment of the lambs with fenbendazole. The HFRO strain was highly resistant to benzimidazoles. There was day-to-day variation in the level of resistance throughout a single infection with a high level of resistance in the early part of the infection, around Day 27 post-inoculation of infective larvae, falling to a lower level later in the infection. Egg hatch assays on the 3 days immediately post-treatment with fenbendazole showed the resistance level was high then resistance fell to the pre-treament level after 7 days. Selection for benzimidazole resistance using fenbendazole treatment at the normal dose rate of 5 mg kg⁻¹ over five passages of the HFRO strain in lambs failed to increase the resistance level. Storage of larvae over a 5-months period at 4°C, prior to infection of lambs, did not produce any alteration in the resistance Level. The possible reasons for the variations in resistance found with the HFRO strain are discussed along with the implications for sheep parasite control and further development of benzimidazole resistance.  相似文献   

Hypertrophic Pulmonary Osteoarthropathy in a Lioness (Panthera Leo)     

Mitchell  Bush  A. Everette  James  Jr.  Richard J.  Montali    Robert M.  Sauer  Richard H.  Heller  Clinton W.  Gray 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1974,15(2):84-90

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