Insecticidal effect of phthalides and furanocoumarins from Angelica acutiloba against Drosophila melanogaster     

Miyazawa M  Tsukamoto T  Anzai J  Ishikawa Y 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(14):4401-4405

Insecticidal activity of Angelica acutiloba extract and its constituents was investigated and compared with that of rotenone. Bioassay-guided isolation of the chloroform extract of A. acutiloba against larvae of Drosophila melanogaster afforded two phthalides, (Z)-butylidenephthalide (1) and (Z)-ligustilide (2), and two furanocoumarins, xanthotoxin (3) and isopimpinellin (4). The structures of these compounds were established by spectroscopic analysis. The isolated compounds 1, 2, 3, and 4 exhibited LC(50) values of 0.94, 2.54, 3.35, and 0.82 micromol/mL of diet concentration against larvae of D. melanogaster, respectively. Against both sexes (males/females, 1:1) of adults (5-7 days old), compound 1 showed the most potent activity with a LD(50) value of 0.84 microg/adult. Compound 1 is a more active insecticide than rotenone (LD(50) = 3.68 microg/adult) and has potential as a novel insect control agent. However, compound 2 was inactive against adults. The structure-activity relationship of phthalides isolated indicated that the aromaticity appeared to play an important role in the activity of both larvae and adults. To determine the insecticide mode of action for acute adulticidal activity, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity was also investigated in vitro, and the result indicated that the acute adulticidal activity of compounds 3 and 4 was due to the inhibition of AChE.  相似文献   

Photic and circadian regulation of self-feeding activity in ayu     

Masafumi Amano  Masayuki Iigo  Kiyoshi Furukawa  Mitsuo Tabata  Kunio Yamamori 《Fisheries Science》2006,72(2):250-255

ABSTRACT:   The self-feeding rhythms of ayu Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis were examined. Individual ayu (mean body weight 40 g) were held in 60-L glass tanks equipped with self-feeders. Six of 14 fish learned self-feeding during the experiment. Under two different light–dark (LD) conditions (16 h:8 h and 8 h:16 h LD), self-feeding was synchronized to the LD cycle, and feeding occurred almost exclusively during the light phase. During exposure to constant light (LL), circadian feeding rhythms were observed. These results indicate self-feeding rhythms in ayu are restricted to the light phase under LD conditions and are controlled by the circadian clock under LL conditions.  相似文献   

Effect of calcitonin on adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion stimulated by corticotropin‐releasing hormone in the hen anterior pituitary     

Hiroyuki NAKAYAMA  Tetsuya TAKAHASHI  Kaori NAKAGAWA‐MIZUYACHI  Mitsuo KAWASHIMA 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(3):475-480

The presence of a receptor for calcitonin (CT) and the effect of chicken CT (cCT) on adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion stimulated by rat/human corticotropin‐releasing hormone (rhCRH) in the hen anterior pituitary were studied. The specific [¹²⁵I]cCT binding component was present in the plasma membrane of hen anterior pituitary and this binding component had properties of a receptor which has binding specificity to cCT, reversibility, saturable binding, high affinity and limited capacity. When anterior pituitary cells were incubated in vitro, cCT increased the maximal secretion of chicken ACTH stimulated by rhCRH. These results suggest that CT may act directly on the anterior pituitary via its receptor binding and enhances the ACTH secretion by CRH.  相似文献   

Approachability and contact behavior of commercial dairy calves to humans     

Katsuji UETAKE  Shigeru MORITA  Yoshiko KOBAYASHI  Shinji HOSHIBA  Toshio TANAKA 《Animal Science Journal》2003,74(1):73-78

Calves (n = 106) on four dairy farms were observed for their approachability to humans. All calves experienced similar rearing conditions: Beginning individual pen, after birth until weaning at about 2 months, where they were housed individually and fed milk and a milk replacement; Late individual pen, after weaning until grouping at about 3.5 months, where they were housed individually and fed hay, silage and concentrate feed; Beginning group pen, after grouping until 5 months, where they were housed in groups of 2–5 animals and fed hay, silage and concentrate feed; later group pen, from 5 to 7 months. The number of calves that contacted an experimenter who stood in front of their pens for 10 min was recorded on 6 separate days over 3 months. Latency to touch and time spent in activities during touching such as sucking, licking, biting and rubbing were also measured. There were no significant differences in the latency to touch and the ratio of touch to non‐touch calves between the rearing conditions and the farms. The time spent touching was significantly affected by the interaction between the rearing condition and the farm (P < 0.01). In detail, the time spent sucking (P < 0.001) and licking (P < 0.01) was different between the rearing condition × farm variables. The proportion of calves that approached and touched the experimenter tended to be higher in the farms in which a stockperson worked longer inside and outside their pens (both ρ = 0.95, P = 0.051). These results were interpreted according to the perspectives of early positive reinforcement with food and the habituation process to humans existing nearby.  相似文献   

Computed tomographic images of discospondylitis in a calf     

Takeshi TSUKA  Naoki YAMAMOTO  Makoto SANESHIGE  Takehito MORITA  Yuji SUNDEN  Yusuke MURAHATA  Kazuo AZUMA  Tomohiro OSAKI  Norihito ITO  Yoshiharu OKAMOTO  Tomohiro IMAGAWA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(12):1689-1691

A 2-month-old male Japanese Black calf was presented with a 30-day history of progressive ataxia. Antemortem examination using computed tomography (CT) revealed narrowing of the disc spaces due to destruction of intervertebral structures between the first and second thoracic vertebrae and between the second and third thoracic vertebrae. Osteolysis was evident as irregular hypoattenuating lesions within the opposing end plates of the first, second and third thoracic vertebrae. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected as the causative bacteria, and discospondylitis was diagnosed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first bovine case report describing the application of CT for the diagnosis of discospondylitis.  相似文献   

Electron microprobe analysis of zinc and other elements within and around rice root grown in flooded soil     

Mitsuo Chino  Akira Baba 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):445-457

Electron microprobe analysis was applied to the localization of zinc, phosphorus, sulfur, and calcium within and around the rice root grown in the flooded soil of high zinc content (300 ppm).

A method for the preparation of the section of the undisturbed soil with the rice root in place is described. Having been dehydrated with ethanol, the sample became free of water soluble ions and, therefore, the insoluble fractions of the elements were mainly localized. The results obtained were as follows:

1) A longitudinal view of the root in the soil was successfully shown as a secondary electron image.

2) The compaction effect of the expanding root on the orientation of the soil particles was not observed.

3) The distribution patterns of the elements in the apical region of the root differed distinctly from those in the basal region. In the latter region, the elements were accumulated in the cells of the epidermis, exodermis, endodermis, and marginal layers of stele. Zinc and phosphorus appeared to be in particles at the same sites in this region. In the apical region, all the elements but calcium were highly and evenly distributed in the central part of the root and scarcely found in marginal layers. Calcium was not significantly detected anywhere in this region.

4) In the basal region, all the elements, whether they were actively absorbed or not, were found to be accumulated at the same sites.

5) Flooding of the soil seemed not to affect the distribution of the elements within the root.  相似文献   

Effects of CaCN2 treatment of seeds of Inubie (Echinochloa oryzicola) on synthesis of protein and RNA during germination     

Wei-Ming Shi  Toru Mochizuki  Koichiro Suzuki  Hiroaki Hayashi  Mitsuo Chino 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):443-449

Protein and RNA induction during the germination of Inubie (Echinochloa oryzicola) seeds pretreated with CaCN₂ was studied. It was observed that the germination of Echinochloa oryzicola seeds was delayed after pretreatment with a high concentration of CaCN₂ for 18 h. A considerable difference in the protein patterns was detected in the SDS-PAGE gel between the control (H₂O) and CaCN₂ treatment, particularly a 48 kilodalton (kD) protein band disappeared in CaCN₂ treatment. At the tested three levels of CaCN₂, the induction of this 48 kD protein was apparently inhibited during the germination process even when the duration of the pretreatment was as short as 2 h. When imbibed with water, the amount of the 48 kD protein increased rapidly within 1 h from the trace level in the dry seeds, and reached the maximum level after about 1–2 d. The results showed that the CaCN₂ treatment also decreased the total RNA level in the germinating seeds. The relation of this protein induction and RNA decline with the beginning of Echinochloa oryzicola germination was discussed.  相似文献   

Barley growth in response to potassium fertilization of soil with long term application of sewage sludge     

Md. Yunus Miah  Chih-Yu Chiu  Hiroaki Hayashi  Mitsuo Chino 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(2):499-504

Application of sludges to agricultural land depressed plant growth despite its beneficial effects on crop production. Hence it remained to be determined whether sludge application induced any adverse effect on crop nutrition or growth. Thus the growth response of barley on an Andosol to which two kinds of sewage sludge compost had been applied for 17 y was tested in pot experiments with and without application of chemical K fertilizer. The addition of K in the sewage sludge composts resulted in the improvement of plant growth, high dry matter production and increase of total K content both in plant and soil compared to the materials without K application. It was assumed that long term application of sewage sludge requires chemical fertilizer amendment for crop production.  相似文献   

Immunologic Profiles of Peripheral Blood Leukocytes and Serum Immunoglobulin G Concentrations in Perinatal Mares and Neonatal Foals (Heavy Draft Horse)     

Takahiro AokiHayato Honda  Mitsuo Ishii 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2013

The purpose of this study was to examine sequential changes in the immunologic parameters of perinatal mares and neonatal foals of the heavy draft horse. Blood samples were collected from clinically healthy pregnant mares and their newborn foals every week from 1 month before the expected foaling date, and 1 hour, 1 day (24-48 hours), and 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after foaling. Peripheral blood samples were used to examine total leukocyte counts (n = 20), differential leukocyte counts (n = 20), lymphocyte subpopulations (n = 13), lymphocyte responses to mitogens (n = 10), neutrophil phagocytic function (n = 12), and serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations (n = 10). In perinatal mares, remarkable changes observed included increased neutrophils, decreased lymphocytes, decreased CD4⁺ T lymphocytes, and decreased lymphocyte responses to mitogens at delivery. These changes were speculated to be the result of physical stress associated with delivery. In neonatal foals, increase in the phagocytic function of neutrophils, and increase in serum IgG concentration after suckling colostrum and increase of lymphocytes accompanied by physiologic growth were observed. Compared to dams, foals showed lower phagocytic function of neutrophils before suckling and fewer lymphocytes and lower lymphocyte responses to mitogens within 1 day after birth. This study revealed immunologic dynamics in perinatal mares and neonatal foals. Immunologic functions are suppressed in foaling mares and are immature in neonatal foals, especially before colostral intake. We expect these data will be useful for further studies in the field of clinical immunology, and preventive medicine.  相似文献   

Factors Affecting Gestation Length in Heavy Draft Mares     

Takahiro Aoki  Kazuhiro Yamakawa  Mitsuo Ishii 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the factors affecting gestation length in 209 foalings from 65 heavy draft horses by multiple linear regression analysis. The objective variable was gestation length, and the explanatory variables were stud farm, year foaled, month foaled, age of mare, parity of mare, last gestation length, foal gender, and some meteorological parameters (the mean values of prepartum 10 days: maximum temperature, minimum temperature, average barometric pressure, and hours of sunshine in a day). The mean gestation length for 209 foalings was 334.9 (standard deviation = 8.3) days, with a range of 313-352 days. Stepwise regression analysis showed that last gestation length and foal gender had significant (P < .01) effects on gestation length. Multiple regression analysis showed that last gestation length (standard partial regression coefficient = 0.54) was more influential on the present gestation length than foal gender (standard partial regression coefficient = 0.22). The present gestation length and the last gestation length were moderately positively correlated (r = 0.56, P < .01). Colt foal (n = 106) pregnancies were significantly (P < .01) longer than fillies (n = 103) (mean ± SEM: colt 337.1 ± 0.7 vs. filly 332.7 ± 0.9). According to our results, last gestation length (mare itself) and foal gender were the main factors affecting gestation length in heavy draft horses. Once several gestation lengths are known, predictions with acceptable accuracy can be made about the gestation length of that mare's following foaling.  相似文献